Aragtida of ganacsiga caalamiga ah iyo content

Aragtiyaha Ganacsiga Caalamiga maray habka a qaar ka mid ah horumarinta. arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee ku saabsan taas oo ay isku dayeen in ay siin jawaabo, waxay ahaayeen "sabab u ah heerka foosha ee u dhexeeya dawladaha" iyo "ku saabsan waxa ku salaysan waxaa loo doortay takhasuska ugu fiican ee caalamiga ah."

Fikradda classical ganacsiga caalamiga ah

Fikradda ah faa'iido barbardhig

Fikradda marka hore la dhigi jiray by aasaasayaasha aragtida ah classical dhaqaale ee Smith iyo Ricardo in XVIII ah - qarnigii XIX goor hore.

Tusaale ahaan, Smith aasaastay aragtida ah in sababta horumarinta ganacsiga caalamiga ah waa faa'iido ah oo waarido iyo dhoofinta ka sarrifka ee alaabta ay ka heli karaan. Waxay sidoo kale waxaa la aragtida ah ee "Faa'iidada buuxda" ayaa la soo saaray, dalka uu leeyahay faa'iido ah haddii ay wax soo saarka taas oo ku salaysan khayraadka u gaar ah, soo saari kartaa mid ka badan kan kale. gargaarka noocan oo kale ah waxaa laga yaabaa in dabiiciga ah (cimilada, bacriminta ciidda, khayraadka dabiiciga ah) oo helay (teknoolajiyada, qalabka, iwm).

The benefits in ay heli doonaan dalka on ganacsiga caalamiga ah, ka koobnaan doonaan in koritaanka isticmaalka, kaas oo ka dhici doona ay sabab u tahay isbeddel ah ee qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo takhasuska.

Fikradda ah kharashka isbarbaryaal ee Ricardo, horumariyo oo kaabaya Haberler

Waxaa ka qabanayaa labo ka mid ah dalka, soo saara 2 nooc oo ah alaabta. Waayo, dal kasta si ay u dhisaan qalooca fursadaha wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo si cad u muujinaysaa wax soo saarka ee nooca badeecada dalka kasta oo faa'iido dheeraad ah. Aragtida sidaan ah waxaa fududeeyey, waxa uu muujinayaa 2 oo kaliya dalalka iyo 2 alaabta, oo ku salaysan xaaladda ganacsiga xadidneyn iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqada gudahood dalka iyo sidoo kale goobjoog ka ahaayeen kharashka wax soo saarka go'an, la'aanta kharashka gaadiidka iyo isbedel farsamada ka. Taasi waa sababta aragtida ah waxaa loo arkaa in ay noqon arrin dareen leh, laakiin aan aad u taam u yahay inuu ka tarjumaya xaaladda dhabta ah ee dhaqaalaha.

Heckscher-Ohlin

Aragtida sidaan ah, abuuray qarnigii labaatanaad, ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka tarjumayaan dhegyadii ee ganacsiga ku salaysan inta badan ku saabsan is-dhaafsiga badeecadaha warshadaha (sababta oo ah dal this si weyn u dhimay tiirsanaanta ganacsiga on khayraadka dabiiciga ah). Sida laga soo xigtay in ay aragti ah ee kharashka caalamka kala duwan ganacsiga gashay by dalka ee soo saaridda ee alaabta, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in:

• soo saaridda ee arrimo kala duwan ee wax soo saarka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tirada kala duwan,
• dalka aad u kala duwan si ay u bixiyaan arrimaha loo baahan yahay ee wax soo saarka;

Sidaa sharciga arrimood dheellitirnaanta oo loo akhriyo sida soo socota: haddii ganacsi xor ah dal kasta uu doonayo in uu ku takhasusay ee wax soo saarka alaabta, taas oo u baahan ka arrimood ee wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo si fiican loo cilmi yeelane. ganacsiga caalamiga ah, dhab ahaantii, waa is-dhaafsiga arrimaha ay tahay waa wax faro badan oo ku saabsan wax dhif ah in dalka this.

liddiga Leontief

In dabayaaqadii 40-mada ay dhaqaaleyahan qarnigii XX Leontiev la xaqiijin taaban karo ee gabagabada ah ee aragtiyaha hore ku saleysan US xogta dhaqaale si ay natiijo lama filaan ah wada socda yimaadeen: dhoofiyo alaabta inta badan shaqaalaha badani ka Maraykanka, halka laga keeno magaalada-degdeg ah. Tani waxa ay ahayd lid ku ah ganacsiga caalamiga ah Heckscher-Ohlin, sida caasimada Maraykanka, by la barbardhigo, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ka sii weyn factor badan kharashka shaqada. Leontiev soo jeediyay in lagu daro kasta oo leh qadar siiyey khayraadka caasimada shaqada 1cheloveko-sano American yahay 3 nin-sano oo shaqada ee dadka ajnabiga ah, kaas oo la xidhiidha heer sare aqooneed ee shaqaalaha American. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob ay diyaarisey iyaga by, United States dhoofiyo alaabta, kuwaas oo-soo-saarka looga baahan yahay ciidamo dheeraad ah oo shaqaale xirfad leh, halkii laga keeno. On ku salaysan daraasaddan, model ah waxaa la abuuray 1956, taas oo la tixgelinayo saddex arrimood: shaqaale xirfad leh, shaqada leh xirfad hoose oo caasimadda.

Aragti ganacsiga caalamiga ah Modern

Kuwani aragtiyaha isku day inay sharaxaad ka muuqaalada caalamiga ganacsiga ee casriga ah ee dunida, taas oo aan ku xiran ee macquulka ah ee classical aragti ah ee caalamiga ah ganacsiga. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada meel dhaqaalaha koraya, kordhiyaa qadarka dhalmo counter alaabta oo tayo la mid ah.

Fikradda ah wareegga nolosha sheyga

Heerka nolosha ee alaabta - waa xilliga lagu jiro oo waxa ay leedahay qiimo in suuqa iyo baahida loo qabo. Marxaladaha nolosha wax soo saarka - waa hordhaca ah ee alaabta, kobaca, maturity (iibka peak) iyo hoos u dhaca. Marka sheyga ma dhergaan baahida ay suuqa, wuxuu bilaabaa in la qaado in ka yar dalalka horumaray.

Fikradda ah dhaqaalaha ee heerka

nuxurka ugu weyn ee saamayn this waa in marka technology gaar ah oo heerka urur ee wax soo saarka kharashka muddada dheer celcelis ahaan waa la dhimi doonaa sida mugga of saarka badeecadaha, isagoo fahamsan kaydka. Baahnayn in alaabta soo saaray faa'iido inay iska iibiso dalal kale.