Cellulose Formula. guryaha jirka Kiimikada. Diyaarinta, codsiga

Noqo waxyaabaha aad maalin kasta yaqaanaan noo, kuwaas oo xoojisay in nolol maalmeedkeena, waxa ay ahaan laheyd wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso oo aan isticmaalka waxa ka sameysan kiimikada organic. Long ka hor tijaabo kiimikada Anselm Payá, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo uu ahaa awoodaan in ay ogaadaan oo sharxaan in 1838 polysaccharide ah oo ay heshay magac u gaar ah "cellulose" (oo ka soo jeeda cellulose Faransiiska iyo cellula ee Laatiin, taasoo la micno ah "armaajo cell"), hantida this walax si firfircoon loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka waxyaalaha ugu lagama maarmaan ah.

aqoon la kordhiyo of saxarka ah ayaa horseeday in noocyo kala duwan oo wax, ka dhigay ay ku salaysan. Wargeyska ayaa ka mid ah fasalada kala duwan, paperboard, qaybo ka mid caag ah iyo macdantaa dardaro (copolymer, Rayon viscose, copper-ammonia), filimada polymer, enamels iyo varnishes, saabuun, lugu daro cuntada (E460) iyo xitaa budo aan qiiqa lahayn waa wax soo saarka oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo processing ee saxarka.

cellulose daahir yahay cad adag oo leh guryaha si cadaalad ah soo jiidasho leh, ayaa iska caabin aad u fiican si ay u kala duwan saamayn kiimikada iyo jirka.

Nature doortay cellulose (cellulose) sida ay wax dhismaha aasaasiga ah. In dunida geedka waa aasaas u ah derbiyada gacanta geedaha iyo dhirta kale ee sare. In foomka saafi ah cellulose si dabiici ah ku dhaco waa timaha abuur suuf.

The guryaha gaarka ah ee wax this waxaa go'aamiya dhismeedkooda asalka ah. formula cellulose ayaa rikoor total (C6 H10 O5) n oo ka kaas oo aynu aragno qaab fahmayaan polymeric. Soo noqnoqda, dhowr ah oo weyn of jeer β-glucose ka hadhay isagoo view a faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida - [C6 H7 O2 (OH) 3] -, ku xiran galay a Britain toosan dheer.

formula cellulose kelli qeexayaa hantida kiimikada gaar ah in ay iska caabin deegaanno xoqe. Sidoo kale saxarka ayaa iska caabin sare si loo kululeeyo, xataa wax Celsius 200 degrees habaynayso qaab-dhismeedka iyo waxa aan la wada baabbi'iyey. Autoignition dhacdaa at heerkul ah 420 ° C.

No cellulose yar soo jiidasho leh guryaha jireed. formula The dhismaha of cellulose qaab qaybood dheer oo ka kooban 300 illaa 10,000 units glucose lahayn laamood dhinac, ayaa inta badan go'aamisa xasiloonida sare walax this. glucose Formula muujinaysaa sida hannaanka ah silsilado hydrogen gacangelin fiiloyin cellulose ma aha oo kaliya xoogga farsamo sare, laakiin sidoo kale barti sare. Natiijada processing gorfaynta hannaanka ka mid ah tijaabooyinka kiimikada iyo cilmi ahaa abuurista model ah macromolecules cellulose. Waa muquuninta a adag in tallaabooyinka 2-3 ee heerka hoose, kuwaas oo la dejiyo sabab u xidhnahay hydrogen intramolecular.

Ma formula cellulose iyo degree of polymerization waa dabeecadda aasaasiga ah ee walxaha badan. Sayidka ee suuf xumu gaadho tirada harta glucosidic 2500-3000, suuf ku daahiriyey - ka 900 1000, saxarka alwaax daahiriyey ayaa tilmaame 800-1000, noolaynayo cellulose ee tiradoodu waa la dhimay si 200-400, iyo copolymer cellulose ee warshadaha ah u dhaxeysa 150 in 270 "links" ee Britain ayaa ku.

wax soo saarka A samaynta cellulose waa wax geedka, ugu horrayn waa qoryo. Geedi socodka aasaasiga ah oo ku lug leh wax soo saarka ee chips alwaax la kiimikooyinka kala duwan pulping, raaceen by saabsanaa isdaahirinta, qalajiyo iyo jarida alaabta la dhammeeyayna.

daaweynta Xiga of cellulose waxay suuro gelineysaa in la helo noocyo kala duwan oo qalab la doonayo guryaha jireed iyo kiimikada oo u oggolaan in ay soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo soo saarka, iyada oo aan taas oo nolosha casriga ah nin ay adag tahay in la qiyaaso. formula The gaarka ah ee cellulose, kiimikada toosin iyo daaweynta jirka, wuxuu noqday saldhig u tahay wax soo saarka ee qalabka oo ah kuwo gaar ah ee dabiiciga ah, ogolaanayo in ay la ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha kiimikada, daawo iyo beeraha kale ee falalka aadanaha.