Catacombs ee Rome: Taariikhda, dulmar

Wajiyada badan ee Rome, tirintii dhowr kun oo sano, waa magaalada ugu dahsoon ee Italy, taas oo iman page nool sheeko taariikhi ah. Qaabeeya qarniyo badan caasimada, halkaas oo wax dhis ku xiran dhaafay, hadda iyo mustaqbalka, tirada toosaa la yaab leh oo ah shay u gaar ah, waxaa museum dhab ah u furan-hawada samaynta. kaasoo ah dhaxalka taariikheed iyo dhaqan ee City weligeed ah waxaa laga heli karaa dalxiisayaasha samaynta safar xiiso galay ee la soo dhaafay ka fog, iyo is ogyahay oo ganac ka mid ah Italy, la hadhay geedihii Asheeraah Christian.

Catacombe di Roma

Ma aha dad sodcaal ah Orthodox oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale dhammaan dalxiisayaal u xiiseynayey in ay ogaadaan wax cusub oo aan la garanayn, waddooyinka horseedi u catacombs dhulka hoostiisa ee Rome, waa shabakad ballaaran dhaheen harya idinkii tufa, derbiyada of kuwaas oo lagu shaabadeeyo niches for aaso. heer-Multi gallery, oo berkedda oo meel bannaan oo hoos caasimadda ah ee dalka, soo muuqday xilligii pre-Christian. jaahilka loo yaqaan Saracen iyo catacombs Yuhuudda, iyo dhammaan saynisyahano ayaa helay in ka badan 60 labyrinths dhulka hoostiisa oo ku saabsan 750 kun crypts.

Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid muuqday xilligii hore Christian, iyo gallery ugu horeysay waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 107 AD. Apostol Petr iyo ardayda uu helay socda daacad dadka ceegaagta bulshada kala duwan ka mid ah. Masiixiyiinta hore ee Rome ayaa inta badan ku silciyey tan iyo Emperor dalbaday in kaliya uu qiray Ilaah, iyo dhaggan diinta cusub ee ka mid ah oo keliya Masiix ku caabuday.

Catacombs loogu talagalay aaso

Markii hore, waxaa jiray opinion in in ka catacombs ee Rome qarineyseen dadka silcin askari boqor ee, laakiin ma aha, ee labyrinths dhulka hoostiisa, halkaas oo had iyo jeer waa madow, ninna ku noolaa, sababta oo ah waxa aan suurtogal aheyn waa. Khibrad cadhadii taliyayaashii, dadka Masiixiyiinta ah loo isticmaalo qabuurihii kuwii ay jeclaayeen si gooni gooni ah uga yeedhay quruumaha tagay qorqornaa ama lahaanshaha gaarka ah reer Rooma, si ay u aqbalaan iimaanka cusub. Dareemaan amaan, ay qoday sugnan galay tuff iyo ballaariyo waddooyinka jira, la abuuro shabakad weyn oo dhaheen harya idinkii in height ka 2.5 ilaa 5 mitir. Mountain dhagax weyn iska furan waa wax jilicsan, si fudud u kala firdheen, oo waa ay fududahay in qodo falin caadiga ah ama pickaxe gudubka nidaamka oo dhan.

A xaqiiqooyin dhowr ah oo ku saabsan aaska in galleries

On labada dhinac ee waddooyinka Nasaarada reebtay ee niches derbiyada Mire Waqaf oo (loculi), taas oo si ay meel u dhintay meydkiis. Markaas nooc ka mid ah xabaal deyr leh ku xir asalkooda sibidhka dhagax. shaqayn dhintay maydhay, subagtaa uunsiga, sida dadka Masiixiyiinta ah ee ma aha jidhka la mariyey, ku duudduubtay oo hawlohiisa iyo kaalinta godxabsiga Misbaax, waxay ku dhow ula lebenkii ama taargooyinka on kaas oo lagu xardhay magaca epitaph dhintay iyo ninka rayadka. Inta badan dhiso galay derbiga laambad saliid.

The koriya ee waddooyinka cidhiidhi ku xardhay in dhowr lakab ilaa shan mitir. The waddooyinka dhulka hoostiisa ayaa kubikuly gooyay - qolladaha, kuwaas oo ku yiil booska qoyska ama meel xabaaleed of popes iyo shahiiday.

Waxa xiiso leh in dadka qoday meelo dhulka hoostiisa, iyo mar dambe ku jira labyrinths xaalad lagu qanci karo, loo yaqaan fossorami, Oo wuxuu ku hoggaaminayay in ay gacanta ku, in uu magacaabo kiniisadda. godadka badan ayaa loo magacaabay iyaga ka dib, sida catacombs ee Callistus ee Rome ayaa loo magacaabay madaxa Callistus, oo noqday pontiff. Bilowga ee qarnigii IV ah, marka Masiixiyada ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in diinta rasmiga, caddibaadda rumaystayaasha oo dhan ayaa joojiyay, iyo godad qoday iyaga by, la aqoonsan yahay sida xabaalo rasmi ah.

Furitaanka godad illoobi

Catacombs ee Rome ayaa loo arkaa dhacdo aad u muhiim ah in nolosha magaalada, laakiin ka dib markii a dhaheen harya idinkii qarnigii in cidla yimaado, maxaa yeelay, mar dambe ma ay yihiin isticmaalaa aaska kuwii dhintay. In godka ka, taas oo meesha quduuska ah ee Shuhaadada beddelay, boqolaal kun oo dad sodcaal ah, awelna loola. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan xoogga doonistii ka mid ah kiniisadda Roman waxaa lagu bixiyay oo loo wareejiyay macbudyo magaalada.

Loogama qaadi of hadhaagii quduusiinta qadarin, galleries laga illoobay ilaa 1578, marka uu bilaabo dhismaha wadada via Salaria oo laga helay qabuuraha ugu horeysay. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed ayaa catacombs ee Priscilla ayaa lagu helay - aristocracy ah, qoys sharaf leh oo la ixtiraamo yimid oo ay leedahay wax badan oo ka mid ah dalka, kaas oo waxaa jiray aaso dhulka hoostiisa.

Daraasadda oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah catacombs ee Saints ee Rome qaadataa meel qarnigii XIX ah, oo kaalin weyn in ay cilmi-baaris ku kordhinaya Reiman artist Ruush ayaa ku qoran oo ku saabsan a boqol oo nuqulo ka mid ah frescoes sii raagayaan on darbiyada galleries. Laga soo bilaabo 1929 bilaabmaa si ay u ururiyaan iyo alaabada hayo sugnan ah.

Catacombe di Priscilla

nidaamka godka Christian waa kuwa ugu ballaaran ee dhan, iyo ugu da'da weyn oo iyaga ka mid yihiin catacombs si fiican u sii raagayaan ee Priscilla, kaas oo noqday dareen dhab ah. Waxay muujiyeen nidaamyada gaarka ah ee farshaxanka qadiimiga: rijiyeeyay la Muuqaallo images ka Old iyo New Testament, rijiyeeyay midabo, qof ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah Adhijirka Good - calaamad u ah Ciise Masiix. soo jiidashada weyn oo ka mid ah catacombs Roman waa qol yar oo fariimihii ee Greek, taas oo ay ku rakiban yihiin kuraasta cunto aaska (Cappella Greca).

Oo xiiso gaar ah waxaa la sameeyaa by saynisyahano qarnigii II kabarta dhalaalaysa, taas oo muujinaysa in qof dumar ah oo dharka casaanka dhalaalaya iyo ilxidhka fudud. Tani waa image ugu da'da weyn ee weli ku tukanayeen.

Hel galay laqdaba dhulka hoostiisa ku yaala cinwaanka: Via Salaria, 430, waa la tirin doonaa by basaska 86 ama 92. Waa in ay ka heli off at Piazza Crati, oo raac calaamadaha ku tilmaamay via Priscilla. Hel godka oo dhan waa suuragal ah keliya oo qayb ka ah koox dalxiis.

Catacombe di San Callisto

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaska ugu weyn Christian tixgeliyo catacombs ee St. Callistus ee Rome, u muuqday in II qarnigii. Iskala 12 kiiloomitir ka socda Appian ah, waxay u taagan yihiin midii afar heer ah, taas oo la odhan karaa waa "magaalada dhintay" sababtoo ah waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah waddooyinka, isgooysyada, iyo xataa meel. The meelo dhulka hoostiisa, kuwaas oo lagu biiriyo qabuuraha ee muddooyinka kala duwan ee waqtiga, iyo qadiimiga ah ayaa hadda ka shaqeeya, iyo aaska oo dhan ma u furan yihiin kooxda martida ah. Inta halkan taariikhda fog waxaan helay meeshii lagu nasto kama dambaysta ah ee ku saabsan 50 Shuhadada iyo 16 popes, oo waxaa lagu magacaabaa taalladii ugu weyn ee catacombs ee qabuuraha Christian.

The xabaashii ugu caansan waa xabaashii of St. Cecilia (Santa Cecilia), halkaas oo si fiican u sii raagayaan rijiyeeyay iyo mosaics. In square la magaca "Little Vatican" been si uu u hoggaamiyo Church iyo Roman Pontiff ku shahiiday quduuska ah.

qabuuraha dhulka hoostiisa mara, kaas oo uu ku hawlan qalabeysan Diakon Kallist, fikiray catacombs ugu caansan ee Rome. Sidee si aad u hesho in ay Catacombe di San Callisto, yaal cinwaanka: Via Appia Antica, 110/126? basaska City tiriyey 118 (Ka bixitaan u baahan tahay si ay u joojiyaan isku magaca) ama 218 (dhibic dhammaadka wadada Fosse Ardeatine ah) dovezut in dalka durkiya taariikhiga ah.

Catacombe di San Sebastiano

Waxaa ugu heli karo ee galleries oo dhan dhulka hoostiisa catacombs afar heer-of Saint Sebastian. Waxay ku taallaa cinwaanka: Via Appia Antica, 136, waxay ka badbaaday badan ka xun dadka kale. Marka laqdaba ah oo Gaalada ah lagu aasay kuwa ay jecel yihiin, iyo dhamaadka II necropolis qarnigii noqdo quduus ka dhigay Christian. Saint Sebastian, kuwaas oo loolan Diocletian Emperor ah, ayaa ku dhintay sannaddii 298, oo ka dib markii aaska ee hadhaagii helay magaceeda hadda hore catacombs magacaabin of Rome.

Sida loo helo gelin sugnan u gaar ah, kaas oo hal mar lagu qabtay kulan diimeed wakhtigii caddibaadda Kiristanka? ka heli kartaa iyaga on basaska magaalada tiriyey 118 iyo 218, iyo ka bixitaanka joogsiga waa Cecilia Metella.

Soo jiidasho dalxiisayaasha xabaalo dhulka hoostiisa

Dalxiisayaal kuwaas oo booqday meelo dhulka hoostiisa, galin in ay adag tahay in lagu qeexo tiro badan oo ah dareenka hortiisa tombstones ee u muuqday qarniyo badan ka hor.

wadiiqooyinka cidleeyey calool-xumida leh, taas oo had iyo jeer waa xasilloon, xusno fikirrada dhimasho dhaw, laakiin dhaheen harya idinkii dahsoon dhawra qarsoon badan, weli soo jiidata martida jecel badhaadhaha. The catacombs casriga sanayd ee qadiimiga Rome kasta taaban jeer Christian hore fog.