Caryatid - element ah naqshadda, taas oo ah in qaab kasta oo caan ah

Caryatid - waa magac ka mid ah tiirar naqshadda, kaas oo qaab dumar ah. The tusaale ugu caansan waxaa laga heli karaa on balbalada koonfureed macbudka Erechtheion ka on Acropolis ee Athens.

warkii qadiimiga ah

In dhaqanka "caryatid" Hellenistic - gabadh bikrad ah oo Caria, caan Peloponnese macbudka. Brown ayaa waxaa ka go'an in ay ilaahadda Di'anada. Sida Caryatids, ayay ku farxeen, ka mid ah geedaha walnut ee magaalada Caria ku cayaaray. Waqtigaas, Virgin ee qoob ka ciyaarka ah cadahay qaadeen on madaxooda dambiil oo cawsduur cut immika. Waxay taswiiran dhirta la dheesho.

naqshada Roman Vitruvius la filayaa in caryatid - addoon. Vitruvius arkay sida ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida tiirar naqshadaha Madbacada qaranka ee. Laakiin caryatid - waxaa fartaan column reer Faaris. Faaris, in kastoo, ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu taageero dhismayaasha xayawaanka.

Erechtheion

Lixda caryatids ugu caansan taageeraya saqafka balbalada koonfureed Erechtheion beenta on Acropolis reer Ateenay ah. dhismahan la dhisay by Pericles ineey u dhaxaysa 421-406 sano BC. e. hoy farshaxan qadiimiga alwaax diinta Athens. Waxa uu sidoo kale noqday xarun cibaadada of Erechtheus (Boqor-awaalka ah ee Athens) iyo walaalihiis, oo ay ku jiraan Bosidon. dhar caryatids Kuwanu waa nooc qoyan oo ul in meydadka. Qodobada lugaha iyo bowdooyinkeeduna waxay u dhiirran oo firfircoon yihiin. Sadex ka mid ah waxaa kale oo ku tiirsan jidhka on foot midig, iyo - bidixda. Timaha sidoo kale waa muhiim. Waxay culus iyo weyn yihiin, loogu talagalay in kor loogu qaado meesha ugu haqab - gogo 'qoorta, kaas oo lagu dhibciyo load weyn. Hands farshaxan, nasiib daro, ayaa laga badiyay. By badbaaday koobi Roman loo arki karaa in gacanta midig ayaa waxaa haysta weelashii yar oo qurbaanno cabniin ah, oo bidix oo ay taageerayaan iyo wax yar dharkoodii kicin. Waxaa la qiyaasayo in ay wada sculptors kala duwan isweydaarsiga Alcamo, arday ka mid ah Phidias. Waxa xiiso leh, tani waa balbalada taagan xabaashii boqorka Cecrops awaalka badan. Dhismaha caryatids ah, ayaa laga yaabaa in gabbaro ah in xusuustiisa. Haddaba tallaabooyinka yihiin nuqulo ay. Shan caryatids asalka ah waa in Museum ee Acropolis, halkaas oo ay la arki karaa ka dhinacyada oo dhan, iyo kii lixaadna - Museum Ingiriiska ee London. Koobaya safarka taariikhda, waxaan dhihi karaa caryatid in - element madaxtooyada naqshadaha ee columns, kaas oo sidoo kale laga yaabaa in ay shaqo dhalista ah.

Renaissance iyo wixii ka dambeeya

Wakhtigan waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan ee gudaha ee dhismaha shido. In muddo ah Baroque waxay u muuqataa in Scotland sida overmantel a hoolka weyn ee qalcaddii Mitchells. In ka caryatids dabayaaqadii Baroque Jarmal ku yaal qalcaddii Sanssouci Frederick Great ee Schloss ah. Haweenka taalada gashan sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo sida lugaha Waayo, miisaskii, armaajo iyo laambadihii.

style Empire soo jeestay in element ah madaxtooyada uu dareenka. imagination artist ee sii waday in ay mashquulin fikradda ah qof dumar ah oo qurux badan oo uu leeyahay ka mid ah Samada.

In 1881, Ogyust Roden dhagax farshaxan dhacday oo hoos caryatids tirada miisaanka. Isaga oo qudha ayaa arkay rar culus for gabar, taas oo weli isku dayaysa in ay hesho ilaa.

caryatids dhigiisa Lab

Waxa uu leeyahay laba magacyada: Telamon iyo Atlanta. magaca hore, magaca saxda ah, taasoo la micno ah "taageero" ama "taageero". Waxa uu ahaa wiil ka-awaalka ah Aeacus iyo Aeneid ah. oo ahaa boqorkii dalka Salamis Wuxuu ahaa. Orodyahanka waxaa la fadhiya seebab marka Argonauts raacay dhogorta, wuxuu ka qaybgalay Calydonian ugaarsadaan iska daaqda ugaadha duurjoogta, ayaa handadaad xaafadda, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay Theseus.

Atlant isku - waa Titan xoog badan, oo haysta garbihiisa wareegga samada. Suurtagal ma tahay haddii culays isaga si kale ah? No arrinta sida ay u cuslayd, geesinimo iyo dulqaad si ha u sii. In caddooyinka Greek, waxaa galay dhagax ama dhagax weyn soo noqday.

farshaxan aaday

Atlanta iyo caryatids qurxisaan guriyo dhismayaasha, balakoonka taageero, fulinta shaqo ah bilicsanaanta. Gaar ahaan wanaagsan yihiin Atlanteans taageeraya balbalada ee Hermitage Cusub ee St. Petersburg. Marka hore, sida uu sheegay naqshadeeyaha ugu L. Klenze, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u sii caryatids. Laakiin mashruucan la soo diiday, oo sideed sanno ka dib, in 1848, AI Terebenev abuuray toban farshaxan ah Atlantis dhagax adag oo mugdi miino ee anigaa iska leh oo ku saabsan Lake Ladoga. Waxay taagan on taallo ah oo dhagax adag dhab-grained Karelia sameeyey. Work on farshaxan ahaa muddo laba sano ah. processing hoose Sculptor oo dhagax ah oo qaadataa mid ka mid boqol iyo konton wastaadyo. shuqulkii u dhammeeyey ayaa sababay jaceylka universal. Atlanta iyo caryatids mid caan ku ah qaab classical. Farqiga Common waa in Atlanteans ku taageeraan gacmaha entablature iyo caryatids uyadoo xambaarsan on madaxa. Caddeeyo fikirka ah "entablature".

Architecture: Qaybaha dhismayaasha

Eraygii Faransiis "entablature" waxaa loola jeedaa saqafka alwaax laga sameeyey. Waxay ka kooban tahay architrave, frieze iyo cornice. Naqshadaha, architrave uu leeyahay labo macne:

• crossbeam ah, oo waxaa la dhigayaa dhexeeya tiirar furan ama daaqadaha, waa hogaanka;
• dogobka isla, kaas oo la dhigay on the taaj oo tiirarkii, qurxiyey amarada kala duwan, sida tirooyinka soo qaadanin.

Isticmaalka casriga ah ee caryatids

Gariigba ah ayaa dhiiraday in uu sameeyo caryatids gabdhaha ka Kariya. Waxayna xidhan dhar, farshaxan ay dhismaha dhawray. Hadana dhaqankaan waxa sii. Laakiin inta badan ku taagan heerka of naqshadaha qarnigii, halkii marmar ama dhagax isticmaalo steklokompozit la taaban karo. Gudaha qoryo ama nuurad isticmaalaan.

On maanta, iyo Atlanteans iyo caryatids in baahida naqshadaha casriga ah. Eclecticism, Art lacagta badan, Neo-Renaissance - waxay yihiin suurto gal ah meel kasta. Baaxadda ay style ka waaban. Fikradda ah ee farshaxanka, kuwaas oo iyaga isticmaalaa, ma aha xidhan, iyo barbaro Waxyooday Xagga xeerkii maraya Millennium.