Calaamadinta saliidaha. Qoondaynta of saliidaha motor. Kelmadaha engine calaamadeynta saliidda

Milkiilaha gaariga kasta, daryeelka gaariga, bixinta si tayada fiiro gaar ah oo saliid ah motor. Ka dib oo dhan, hantida iyo tayada ku xiran tahay ma aha oo kaliya on hawlgal lagu kalsoonaan karo oo dhammaan qaybaha guuraya ee engine ah, laakiin sidoo kale socdeyba ee hawshooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, tayo liita ama saliid si khaldan kulan keeni kartaa failure of oo dhan nidaamka dufan.

Taasi motor ee gaariga shaqeeya sida saacad ah, laakiin faahfaahin ay u adeegi jireen muddo dheer, aad u baahan tahay si ay u bartaan si ay u fahmaan noocyada saliidaha suuqa maanta.

Waa maxay sababta aan u baahan ahay in calaamadiso saliidda

Si aad u doorato jilciyaha xaq u noqon karaa oo keliya garanaya in ka dhigan tahay saliid sixitaanka mishiinka ama la isugu gudbiyo. Calan u muuqda characters yihinn iyo lambarada la daabacay on kafaalaqaade la labeen, go'aamiso in ay soo saaraha, oo sideeda, isticmaalka noocyada kala duwan ee engine ama la isugu gudbiyo iyo sidoo kale la yareeyo xaaladaha heerkulka hawlgalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, calaamadeynta ee saliida si loo ogaado in ay kala soocidda sida guryaha group oo ku nafwaayay ah.

Si taas loo dhan fahmo, in aad marka hore u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan in ay u taagan yihiin calaamadaha ku jira ku qoran weelka wax saliid ah. Aan ka hor raadinaya, bilaw saliidda engine ah.

Kelmadaha engine calaamadeynta saliidda

Marka aad dooranayso saliid ah, waxa ugu horeeya ee waa inaad weydiiso iibiyaha ku saabsan ujeedada, sifooyinka iyo soo saaraha, ka dibna is barbar macluumaadka lagu siiyey in ay xogta ku qeexan ku dul qoran.

Sida caadiga ah saliidaha sixitaanka engine ku jira macluumaadka soo socda:

• saaraha;
• magaca saliidda,
• saliidaha ku salaysan (organic, dardaro ama semi-synthetics);
• tayada iyo ujeedada soocidda API ah;
• guryaha ku nafwaayay SAE of soocidda;
• tirada Dufcaddii,
• taariikhda soo saaridda

In suuqa maanta waxaad ka heli kartaa waxyaabaha sida hogaamiyayaasha dunida ee wax soo saarka ee saliidaha, iyo sidoo kale shirkadaha gebi ahaanba aan la aqoon dejinta iyo qoyska semi-dhulka hoostiisa in soosaarka saliidda motor. Qiimaha Dhuxul iyo "matchlock", dabcan, oo kala duwan, laakiin waa dhif qiimihiisu ceyrsaneysa cheapness marka ay timaado sifaynta aad baabuur shakhsi.

Doorashada oo saliid ah sida caadiga ah waa ma arrimaha la soo saaraha iyo magaca. Advertising iyo talooyinka halkan ka dhigay waa shuruuda ugu fiican.

tirada Dufcaddii iyo taariikhda soo saaridda saliidda ah ayaa tilmaamaya haboonaanta jilciyaha. Iyadoo saliidaha ma aha baabba'aya, inay joojiyaan oo fiican isticmaalka sheyga dhacay.

Haddii saaraha, magaca iyo taariikhda soo saaridda of labeen waa ka badan ama ka yar si cad, ka dibna la tallaabooyin kale oo tayo leh ka kooban oo ku saabsan qoraalka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo in faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Sax saliidaha decryption engine calaamadiyey ma kaa caawin doona oo keliya in ay fahmaan sida jilciyaha u dhiganta engine ee gaariga, laakiin sidoo kale u doorato alaabta u tayo sareeya.

ku salaysan saliid-

Absolutely oo dhan ka kooban saliidaha qaatay fasalka saddex kooxood:

• macdanta (organic);
• semi;
• dardaro

saliidaha macdanta laga soo saaro qalab dabiici ah - saliid. Iyagu ma leeyihiin guryaha cabbeeyo aalladda sare oo ku nafwaayay u hadley beddelo marka isbedel heerkulka. saliidaha noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa ugu horayn si loogu isticmaalo baabuurta gudaha jir ah oo cagaf. Calaamadaynta saliidaha oo ka soo jeeda batroolka, ka kooban qorniinkan «Macdanta».

saliidaha dardaro waa wax isku dardaro helay inta lagu guda jiro ereygu wuxuu organic. saliidaha Kuwani eego guryaha qaab ay leeyihiin faa'iido weyn oo ka badan macdanta. Waxay la abuuray by yahay macmal gaar ah si loogu isticmaalo xaaladaha heerkulka muhiim ah. Calaamadinta saliidaha synthetic ka kooban Looxii «buuxda sindeetig».

saliidaha dardaro leeyihiin Degenaansho yar ee isticmaalka, nolosha adeeg dheer, iyo in la siiyo howlgalka ugu nabdoon ee hababka kul hoose. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa matoorada naaftada iyo shidaalka, oo ay ku jiraan heer sare degdegsiimada.

Waayo, intooda badani gawaarida casriga ah waxay isticmaalaan saliid dardaro oo kaliya. Its qiimaha waa ka sii badan ee macdanta, laakiin isticmaalka ugu dambeeyay ee matoorada casri ah si fudud waa la aqbali karin.

saliidaha Semisynthetic - wax soo saarka cabbeeyo universal helay by qodan saami ka mid ah macdanta iyo saliidaha dardaro. Iyada oo dhamaan tayooyinka fiican ee "organic" iyo "dardaro", iyagu waa labeen a universal ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee engine. Go'aaminta saliidda semi-dardaro tilmaamay karaan «Semi sindeetig».

saliid ku nafwaayay

Sifada ugu weyn ee saliidaha engine waa ku nafwaayay. Taas waa in la horrayn hanuuniyey by xulashada saliidda engine ah. Maanta, habka caadiga ah ee kala saliidaha motor by nafwaayay SAE soocidda waxaa loo arkaa. Waxay horumariyo Society American ee Automotive Injineerro, oo waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee sixitaanka of saliidaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay iyada si, nafwaayay saliidda motor ah waa laba nooc: ku kinematic oo firfircoon. marka hore waxaa lagu gartaa awood u leh inay ka duuli tuubo gaddoonka gaar ah muddo waqti go'an. Shirka labaad ee ay muujinaysaa sida ay isbedel ku nafwaayay ku sarkhaansan yihiin heerkulka iyo xawaare ka mid ah xubno khilaaf ah.

Oil, sida dareere kasta, waxay noqonaysaa inay bedesho sarkhaansan yihiin heerkulka daarmayaay'e ah. Its ku nafwaayay sare ee xilliga qaboobaha iyo xagaaga hoos. Iyada oo kala duwan oo xoog leh oo ah tilmaame this laga yaabaa in la kordhiyo ama hoos boqolaal jeer. Oil SAE dhidibada u oggolaanaysa in xilliyada ee ay codsiga la Fadilid on:

• xagaaga,
• jiilaalka,
• multigrade

saliid Summer

dufan Summer ayaa ku nafwaayay sare oo bixiya sifaynta ugu fiican ee ku xoqeen ayay qaybo la khilaaf ah ugu yaraan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saliid sida marka heerkulka hoos uga dhaco 0 ⁰ C noqonayaa mid aad u qaro weyn, samaynta engine bilaabin wax aan macquul aheyn. Heleynin kaliya ma rogto karaa iyada oo hab oo dhan ku nafwaayay sida a.

motor taxane Summer ayaa ah saliidaha naqshada tiro 20 ilaa 60 cutub, go'aaminta fasalka ee ku nafwaayay kasoo horjeeddo heerkulka la tallaabooyinka 10.

Sayidka, sixitaanka saliidaha xagaaga isticmaalka a naqshada SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50 iyo SAE 60, halkaas oo tirada tilmaamaya ugu yaraan iyo ugu badnaan ku nafwaayay ee hawlgalka heerkulka of 100-150 ⁰ C. The tiradiisu sarreyso, ka sii dhumuc weyn sifaynta waayo, kululaynta.

saliid Winter

Calaamadaynta saliid qaboobaha ka kooban yahay lambarada 0 ilaa 25 ee isabdal of 5 cutub oo muujinaysa shaqada heerkulka, iyo sidoo kale W warqadda, oo muujinaysa xilli codsiga (ka «jiilaalka» Ingiriisi ah - Winter.). In si loo ogaado heerkulka ugu yar ee ay la isticmaalo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay iska qaataan ka tiro sheegay 40. Tusaale ahaan, in saliid jiilaalka 5 waa W waa ⁰ -35 C, 20W -20 ⁰ C, iwm Tani heerkulka soohdinta hoose ee dareeraha cabbeeyo la gareeyeen karaa iyada oo nidaamka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaboobaha ee sifaynta sidoo kale waa shuruuda kaliya muhiim ah in qeexayaa xadka hoose ee heerkulka at kaas oo motor bilowga awoodaan in ay ugu rogto iyada oo loo marayo hab ay for la bilaabay noqon doonto - wadid ah. Si aad u ogaato in loo baahan yahay in ay qaataan tiro cayiman 35. Sayidka, iyo saliiddii 10 W for xadka hoose heerkulka bilowga engine waa -25 ⁰ C.

saliid wareega-Sano

saliidaha Kuwanu waa universal iyo oggolaadaan in ay u isticmaalaan sannadka oo dhan. Tani waa ugu caansan oo doondooneen ka dib markii saliid motor. Calaamadaynta saliidaha multigrade ka kooban yihiin laba tiro oo wuxuu warqado Ingiriisi W therebetween. tilmaanta ugu horeysay waxay muujinaysaa heerkul ah soohdinta ugu yar ee engine bilowga qabow suurto gal ah, iyo tan labaad - on nafwaayay ee kulaylku shaqada ugu badnaan.

Tusaale ahaan, 5W40 calaamadeynta saliid muujinaysaa in motor ka bilaw dufan this qabtay -35 ⁰ C. W Warqadda, kala tilmaamayaasha xagaaga iyo jiilaalka halkan tilmaamaya applicability caalamiga ah xilliyeed.

nafwaayay badnaan heerkulka a of 100-150 ⁰ C + noqon doonaa 40 halbeeg.

calaamadeynta saliid SAE iyo waafaqsanaanta GOST

Ruush dirka saliidaha motor buuxiyo shuruudaha GOST 17479.1-85. Waxaa qaybiyaa jilciyaha on fasalada ee ku nafwaayay iyo codsiga ujeedada.

Running saliidaha tiro 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24. Waxay muujinayaan nafwaayay in mm ² / s calaamadeeyay. The tirada, sifaynta dhumuc sare. Calaamadaynta saliid qaboobaha bixisaa tiro saddex keliya - 4, 5 ama 6.

saliidaha Multigrade ayaa double la wadaago naqshada, sareeyuhu - fasalka qaboobaha ah, iyo hooseeyaha - xagaaga. Intaa waxaa dheer, sixitaanka qoraalka inta badan ka kooban yahay xarafka "h" oo tilmaamaysa in saliid la awgii la daro gaar ah (4H / 10, 6 saac / 16).

In si loo ogaado taas oo saliid gudaha GOST soocidda u dhiganta analogues shisheeye, abuuray miis gaar ah. Iyadoo ay gargaar, waxaad si fudud u qaadan kartaa dufan for baabuurta shisheeye, iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka our. Tusaale ahaan, 5W30 saliid sixitaanka waafaqsantahay in our naqshada 4/12, 15W50 - 6z10, 20W40 - 8z / 16 iwm

Qoondaynta of saliidaha sida ay API

saliidaha fasalka Intaa waxaa ku nafwaayay, si ay u kala saaraan alaabta sida heerka waxqabadka iyo codsiga. Adaabta iyo habaynta ku hawlan Petroleum Institute American ah (API). Under nidaamka this, dhan saliidaha motor kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood:

• waayo, matoorada shidaal,
• Diesel

waxyaabaha cabbeeyo for matoorada shidaal ayaa la tilmaamay by warqad S iyo talo galay in la isticmaalo in makiinado ay soo sari gudaha ee baabuurta, basaska iyo baabuurta yaryar.

Oil for matoorada naaftada waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay xarafka C, kaas oo diiradda on codsiga ee warshadaha, ganacsiga iyo beeraha codsiyada baabuurta.

Intaa waxaa dheer, sida soocidda API waxaa ka mid ah waraaq kale oo muujinaysa heerka tayada waxqabadka. cabbaar socday ayaa waxaa fog tan iyo bilowgii jira ee alifbeetada, si fiican ugu tayada sheyga. Tusaale ahaan, SJ sixitaanka muujinaysaa in saliid, taasu waa baatrool engine sari gudaha la tilmaame tayo celcelis ahaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu soo saarayaasha shisheeye ee saliidaha for matoorada soo saaraan waxyaabaha universal, isticmaalka taas oo suurto gal ah in shidaalka naaftada iyo matoorada. Calaamadaynta saliidaha labada nooc ee makiinado ay soo sari gudaha ka kooban yahay afar warqado 2 ilaa jajab. Tusaale ahaan, SD / CJ.

Tani inta badan nayaa doorashada ee jilciyaha, laakiin waxaa haboon bixinta si xarafka ugu horeeya ee sixitaanka dareenka. Haddii ay tahay S, ka dibna alaabta this, sida ay soo saaraha, waa ku haboon matoorada shidaal meesha C, waayo, naaftada.

Sidaas daraaddeed, si ay u fahmaan summadaha oo dhan jooga on calaamad saliidda engine, isku day in aad ka akhrisan heer sixitaanka. Tusaale ahaan, Looxii «ki Moon ee BP Visco2000 / CC SAE 15W-40 Min. № 234567/96 22.04.2013 »dhigayaa in a macdanta universal saarka Company Petroleum British loo yaqaan« Visco2000 », loogu talagalay isticmaalka nooc kasta oo matoorada sari gudaha (baatrool iyo naaftada) wareega heerkulka a ma ka hooseeya -25 ⁰ C, soo saaray 22,04 .2013 sano.

kala saaro kale ee saliidda engine

Waxa intaa dheer in SAE iyo API, waxaa jira kala saaro kale ee saliidda. Tusaale ahaan, ururka Yurub Automobile-saareyaasha (ACEA) ka dhigaysa in tayada looga baahan yahay in ay ka badan oo adag. Tan waxa u sabab farqiga in design sari engine iyo hawlgalka xaaladaha gudaha ee baabuurta. Waa midda koowaade, mashiinada Yurub leeyihiin miisaanka yar iyo mugga of unit xoogga, iyo marka labaad, matoorada-xawaaraha sare iyo awood badan.

ACEA soocidda waxaa ka mid ah 12 fasal oo abaabusha saliidaha motor 3 qaybood:

• A - waayo powertrains shidaalka baabuurta rakaabka,
• B - for matoorada naaftada baabuurta rakaabka,
• E - for matoorada naaftada ah ee baabuurta iyo mishiino kale culus

Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Study iyo saliidaha habaynta (ILSAC), wada jir ah ula Japan Automobile-saareyaasha Association (Jaamac) ayaa soo saartay ay kala soocidda u gaar ah, oo ay ku jiraan oo dhan fasal tayada saddex saliid ah matoorada shidaal (GF-1, GF-2, GF-3).

shirkadaha baabuurta keentay adduunka ee ay kala soocidda u gaar ah saliidaha ama shuruudaha hore u gaar ah waxyaabaha soo saaray. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in makiinado ay gaariga kala duwan waxay leeyihiin farqi weyn oo qaab-dhismeedka. Carmakers si madaxbanaan u qabtaan cilmi-baarista iyo imtixaanka of saliidaha engine, natiijooyinka of taas oo ay faahfaahinta u gaar ah, ama talooyin qaar ka mid ah ay u isticmaalaan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha hadda jira suuqa.

Calaamadaynta of saliidaha marsho

saliidaha Gear si khalad ah ka bixisay dareenka badan ka yar engine ah, inkasta oo ay qabtaan muhiimad shaqo la mid ah. Faraqa kaliya - waa maqnaanshaha kulaylka xad-dhaaf ah uu keeno mishiin lihi gudaha. Sidaas darteed, saliidaha marsho leeyihiin nolol aad uga dheer. Ayaa qastigoodii waa la dhimay si sifaynta iyo yaraynta ciidamada khilaaf on gearboxes, farsamooyinka gacanta, nidaamyada kala iibsiga iyo ulo drive.

Calaamadaynta of saliidaha marsho ma aha sida faahfaahsan oo adag sida in of saliidaha engine, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay fahamka maxaa yeelay taasi waxay ku xirnaan doontaa xasiloonida ee isku celceliyo kuwan.

Total soocidda SAE nafwaayay kala saaro 9 heerarka saliidaha for a baabuur gudbinta buuga 5 Summer (80, 85, 90, 140, 250) iyo Winter 4 (70W, 75W, 80W, 85W). In dhaqanka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan, darawallada codsan saliid marsho multigrade for baabuurta. Aqoonsiga waxyaabaha sida waxaa sidoo kale ka kooban tahay iskujir ah laba tiro oo xarafka W iyaga u dhexeeya. Tusaale ahaan, SAE 70W-85, SAE 80W-90, iwm

saliidaha Gear, iyo sidoo kale baabuurta, waxa lagu kala saaraa nidaamka API ah. heerarka Its aqbalay jilciyaha qaybi kooxo, taas oo ku xidhan nooca xaaladda design iyo hawlgalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, weli waxaa xisaabta lagu darsadaa joogitaanka iyo tirada labeen in lagu daro gaarka ah sheyga in looga hortago in ay xirtaan.

Sida laga soo xigtay API saliid ah gudbinta tilmaamay sida luugaysku iyo lambarada 1 ilaa 5, kaas oo u dhigma fasalka. The ka weyn fasalka, ku adag tahay xaaladaha nololeed ee jilciyaha waxaa loo isticmaali karaa.

Sida saldhigyada gawaarida ah, saliidaha caadiga ah ee caadiga ah kuma habboona. Waxaa jira heerarka ATF oo shaqaynaya, kuwaas oo aan lahayn wax SAE iyo API ah. Yeelashada alaabooyinka loogu talagalay isku-gudbinta tooska ah ayaa xitaa lagu rinjiyeeyay midabyo dhalaalaya si looga hortago isticmaalka shilalka ee dhismayaasha farsamada.

Qaar ka mid ah talooyinka waxtar leh ee xulashada iyo hawlgalka saliidaha

• Ka hor intaadan iibsan makiinadda ama saliida sheyga, waa inaad barataa talooyinka soo saaraha baabuurta;
• Isticmaal jilciyeyaasha leh hanti heer sare ah oo tayo leh, had iyo jeer ma aha mid la aqbali karo, maadaama ay tani saameyn xun ku yeelan karto xasilloonida habka habka dejinta;
• Waa muhiim in la beddelo shidaalka wakhtiga lagu qeexay talooyinka soo-saaraha ee baabuurka;
• Gawaarida leh qarashka dheer, saliidda waa in la badalaa marar badan, maaddaama ay ku jirto mishiinka la gashado waxaa lagu qaadaa xaalado shaqo oo aad u daran;
• Marka aad beddesho saliidda, waa in la beddelo shaandhada shidaalka;
• Waa lagama-maarmaan in laysku daro macdanta macdanta iyo macdanta, taasina waxay horseedi kartaa samaynta qul-qulo aan saliid lahayn;
• Ku dar mishiinka isla saliid isku mid ah oo hore u buuxsamay;
• Wakhti ahaan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la nadiifiyo nidaamka qalabka tamarta mashiinnada leh dareerayaal gaar ah;
• Waa in aan loo oggolaan in la yareeyo heerka saliida ee ka hooseeya heerka ugu hooseeya, tani waxay keeni doontaa in ay si degdeg ah u xirtid qaybo xoqan ah;
• Calaamadinta saliidaha ee mashiinka iyo gudbinta waa qasab in ay ku jiraan taariikhda soo saarista sheyga, diiradda saara, taas oo suurtogal ah in la go'aamiyo habboonaanta (nolosha ugu badnaan ee shinni ee 5 sano jir);
• Ku keydi mootada ama saliida ilaysiinta oo kaliya weel xiran, taas oo ka ilaalisa badeecada qoyaanka iyo hawada.

Ogaanshaha xeerarka fudud, waxaad ka hortagi kartaa dhibaatooyin badan.