Booska Author ee sheeko ah. booska Author ee sheeko ah

sheeko waa sheeko gaaban, inta badan ee aayadda, kuwaas oo la dhigay macnaha Ta'wiil. Jilayaasha waxaa ku jira inta badan waa xayawaanka.

Xaaladan oo ah sheekooyin

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in sheekooyin muuqday in Giriigii hore ee 6-5 qarniyo. BC. e., ay abuure waa Aesop. By magaca this fabulist halyeeyga masaal, waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan "af Aesopian."

faafidda nooca cusub ee Russia iyo dibadda

Qarnigii 1aad Warkii BC Aesop ayaa loo turjumay aayadda galay Latin Phaedrus. Later waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan noocyo kala duwan oo qorayaasha - ka La Fontaine sheekooyin iyo sheekooyin Krylov ayaa waxaa inta badan laga soo amaahday Aesop.

In dalka, nooca this baahsan hareeraha bartamihii qarnigii 18aad. A. Kantemir wuxuu ahaa qoraa ugu horeysay ee Russian kuwaas oo sheekooyin qoray weli ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii 18aad. Later, waxaa jiray shuqulladaada by qorayaasha kale Ruush: M. V. Lomonosova, V. K. Trediakovskogo A. Sumarokov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu caansan oo fabulist si fiican u yaqaan ee dalkeenna waxaa loo arkaa inay I. A. Krylov.

Features of sheekooyin Krylov ee

Baalashooda go'aansaday inuu ka soo leexdo in sheeko ah, maadaama ay ahayd nooca ugu intelligible dadka. Marka qoraaga la weydiiyay sababta uu magiciisa doortay, waxa uu ku jawaabay in sheeko waa cad in ay qof kasta, iyada "akhriska iyo addoommadiisii, iyo caruurta." Noocan ah abuurka suugaaneed ay muddo dheer ahayd gaar ahaan meel u dhow gabayada dadka, oo wuxuu lahaa oo aasaas adag ee suugaanta Ruush. Sheeko la xidhiidha maahmaahyo iyo hadalladiisiiba waxay ku qoran luqad fudud oo cad, bara xigmad adduunyo iyo anshax - waxan oo dhan ayaa waxa ay ku sifayn uu jecel yahay oo dadka ku dhex dhigaysa. Waa maxay mawqifka qoraaga ee sheeko ah? Jawaabta su'aashan bixisaa this article.

Maadeys ee sheeko

Maadeys isticmaalo Krylov, masaal ismidab qariyey, waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu furo dhibaato iyo "nabaro" waa ma aha oo kaliya bulshada taas oo uu ku noolaa Ivan Andreyevich, laakiin sidoo kale in nidaamka oo dhan ku salaysan is-dulsaar iyo hantida gaarka loo leeyahay. riixdaan garneel ah sheekooyin uu kiciyo mawduucyada Xisbiyada Mucaaradku laaluush, xadgudub, damac, qalab Jaahil ah awoodda.

In shuqulladiisa Krylov codsan masaallo gaarka ah iyo tusaalayaal nidaamka loo yaqaan "af Aesopian." Waxay u adeegi jireen in hoosaasin korhin ah. Akhrinta shuqullada fabulist ah, waxaan fahamsanahay in libaaxyo, iyo dameerro, iyo yeey Dawacooyinku - masaallo ma ahan oo keliya la taaban karin iyo jilayaal cirfiid-sheeko, iyo tirooyin gaarka ah ee taariikhda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, booska qiimaha iyo garneel lagu qoraaga ee sheeko had iyo jeer waa wax badan oo ka sii weyn tahay duruufaha qaaday saldhig ahaan siinta asaasmeen abuurista is barbardhig. Taasi waa sababta sanado badan shuqullada fabulist sii joogi iyaga acuteness siyaasadeed sida ku habboon oo maanta shaki kuma jiro, sida la noqdo marka la barbardhigo cusub.

booska qoraaga ee sheeko ah "The Wolf iyo Wanka"

Krylov mar walba difaacay dadka la dulmay ka kibir iyo rabshadaha ka mid ah kuwa awoodda - fasalada xukun hunguri weyn oo xoog badan.

Tusaale ahaan, in uu shaqada "The Wolf iyo Wanka" ee qoraalka ku muujinayaa Caraabaah booska qoraaga ee sheeko ah: "A xoog leh had iyo jeer mana karayaan inay eedayn!" wan daciif ah oo ku dhiiran beddelin ugaadha yeeyda oo keliya, maxaa yeelay, dambaysta ah waa gaajaysan yahay a. sheeko Tani waa mid ka mid ah dhowr ah in uu bilaabo la anshax, oo aan dhamaadka waxaa ka mid ah. Krylov mar yiri, waxa dhibic ka mid ah sheekadan. Wanka waxba si ay u caddeeyaan in Yeeyi Cunto a gaajaysan. Oo socon waxa uu noqon lahaa mid waxtar leh si ay u muujiyaan on xaqiiqada ah in yimaadaan saac, markii uu la kulmi doonaa ciidan ka xoogbadan, si uu. Ka dibna wuxuu u dhaqmaan doonaa? Like wan yar? image Wanka matala shacabka dulman oo dhan, ay awood iyo kacsi la'aanta. booska qoraaga ugu weyn ee sheeko Krylov ee "The Wolf iyo Wanka" waa la fahmi karo xitaa ilmaha.

Macnaha siyaasadeed

Dulmi noocan oo kale ah, rabshadaha iyo dembi ku kacaan ka badan masaakiinta dadka, serfs iyo addoommadaada, Ivan A. ayaa marar badan cambaareysey oo cambaareeyay ee wuxuu qoray. Tani waa meel qoraaga ee sheeko ah "doofaarka The geed hoos" in shuqullada "Wolves iyo Idaha", "Idaha Midabada," "yaroow iyo Webiga" iyo kuwa kale. Laakiin waxaa in la xuso, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in samaynta xiiso of hordhacay, dembigii reer nidaamka bulshada oo dhan, kaas oo dalacsiiyay caddaalad darro dulmayo tacsida ah, Krylov arkay jid uma soo baxay xaaladda this, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu rumeysan yahay in dibad dadweynaha ma kaa caawin doona. Tani waxa ay ahayd meel qoraaga ee sheeko ah. Micnaha ay dibad this Krylov had iyo jeer su'aal ka, aaminsan yahay in uu ahaa si fudud wax aan macquul aheyn.

Samaynta xiiso leh oo dhan cayn kasta oo dadaallo deeqsi ah ee dawladda, iyaga oo ku tiriska sida kulannada xayawaanka isugu in badan oo ku saabsan in Yeeyi Cunto bartaan, riyooyin noqdo oday oo ido ah, Ivan A. Hagidda in ay ahayd view idaha on ugu dambeeyey on this "shirka" iyo "halmaamay" in ay bartaan ( " kulan Dhaw "). Raacay by gabagabo qadhaadh - haddii awoodda iska leh "dadka damiir", si kasta, waxaad ka heli kartaa trick ah si ay u sameeyaan a "barato", halkaas oo ay doonayaan.

Dulmi iyo xumaanta, sida ay fabulist ah - natiijada ma ahan oo keliya ee anshaxa musuqmaasuq, laakiin nidaamka siyaasadeed, madax boqorka by. Tani waa meel qoraaga ee sheeko ah. Sidaa darteed, wax badan uu u shaqeeyo loo sooco Boqorka, Leo, image iyo falalka oo si cad u alleefidda in Alexander I iyo dib u habaynta uu.

"Fish Dance"

Waxaa xusid mudan, ugu horreeya oo dhan, sheeko a, "Fish Dance". Waxay sheegaysaa King Leo ah, kuwaas oo go'aansaday in ay jawaab u cabashooyinka ku saabsan ka shaqeeya naftaada xumaanta si ay u tagaan meel iyo eegto amarka jira. Ayuu jidka ku kulmay ridayeen-duqa magaalada, kuwaas oo la doonayo inuu dab iyo isku shiishaa waxaa kalluunka qabtay biyaha lagu dhisi lahaa. Markii la weydiiyay oo ku saabsan Leo waxa uu sameynayo, ninkii jawaab iskibrin, in uu yahay "dad oday biyaha on" iyo halkan u imid inaan u hambalyeeyo King la booqashada.

Duqa sasabasho ku dhufan bartilmaameedka, iyo King Leo ma xukumi nin this for xumo, laakiin kaliya maqlaa uu aaminaad hadal been ah oo ku saabsan sida, isagu dan buu ku saabsan baahida dadkiisa. Waxaa si cad u maleynayaa booskaas qoraaga ee sheeko ah - in middani ay u Alexander I, oo jeclaaday in ay u safraan dalka iyo ka Faydno waxa la rumaysan yahay wax walba oo uu sheegay in casaabadiisa ayuu berrinka ku.

la mid ah waxaa la xusay oo xataa wareegyada dowladda in ay mamnuuceen sheeko oo loo ogol yahay inuu aad u naadiyo oo kaliya shardi ah in Leo lagu tilmaamay cadaalad Guardian for qaddar ee dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macnaha sheeko waa badan ballaaran yahay gaadhista shaqsi madax bannaan. Krylov rabay si ay u muujiyaan dabeecadda xaaladda si bulshada oo dhan, markii boqorkii ku dul-xigeennadiisa iyo in la taag daran dhibaatada iyo privations dadka.

"Idaha iyo dhibicyo"

In sheeko ah "Idaha Kuwa dhibicyada lahu" Ivan Andreevich fudaydsadaa yaraan laalaaday ee Alexander I, waxaan soo bandhigaan labawejiilayaal by kaas oo isagu si nac weyn iyo khiyaano freethinkers Burke, halka Munaafiqiinta ahaa ay ku muujinayaa naxariis dhibanayaasha ah! booska Author ee sheeko uu yahay mid aad hufan, si sababo siyaasadeed waxaa sidoo kale laga mamnuucay, waxaa la daabacay kaliya dhimashada Krylov ka dib.

Ivan Andreyevich, ku jeesjeesid go'amada nac weyn oo kibir ah Emperor iyo wefdigiisa, ma sara kacay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, gees ah Ka ugu nidaamka this dulmi, dhanka ah Boqortooyada laftiisa, laakiin doorbiday inuu sii joogo jagooyinka waxbarashada, iyagoo rumaysan in Boqortooyada wuxuu noqon karaa mid cadaalad ah, in xeerarka xariif oo kaliya Qaranimo. Bare run ah, wuxuu isku dayay in la hagaajiyo nidaamka hadda jira by waxbarista dadweynaha. booska Author ee sheeko had iyo jeer si cad u muujiyay, inkastoo masaal.

shaqo waxbarasho ee sheekooyin

sheekooyin Krylov ee ay Nicmada, ma aha oo kaliya sida satirist ah, kuwaas oo la imperfection ee nidaamka dawliga ah ku dagaalama. Wuxuu ahaa qanacsanahay in amarka la beddeli karin, waayo, anshaxa aadanaha wanaagsan, sidaa darteed in uu shuqulladiisa waxaa had iyo jeer waa moral. Ivan A. qaaday wax aan waxba tarayn, indolence, caajisnimada, jaahilnimada, faanka, Munaafaqnimada, iskibrin, fulaynimo, damaaciga. Waxa uu ka dhigaa mid xiiso leh kuwa ma aha oo kaliya kuwaas oo doonay inay tari kharashka dadka kale, laakiin sidoo kale jiray cayn kasta oo Bahuko oo bunglers.

Tusaale ahaan Trishka in qaabeeyo doqonimo laftiisa jubbadda ( "Trishkin jubbadda"), Miller, kuwaas oo taxaddar la'aan keentay in xaqiiqda ah in uu lahaa "biyo-xidheenka prososala" Bear, kaasoo uu awoodi waayay in ay ka shaqeeyaan, oo sidaas daraaddeed halaagnay badan bjørk, yicibta iyo Elm.

"Maroodiga iyo Pug"

In ka sheeko "The Elephant iyo Pug ah" Dog image astaan dadka jecel inay is xayaysiiya, inkastoo aan si dhab ah gaari waxba. Maroodiga image gudbiyaa waynaanta iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay in qofka uu ka dhigan tahay. Tani waa meel qoraaga ee sheeko Krylov ee "The Elephant iyo dhabta-eeyaha." daryeelka Maroodiga kuwa Curry raalli isaga la, dalaka ruushka, Madrid iibiso jiidday. La hadalka Shawky, Pug iyada sheegayaa in inkasta oo ay dalaka ruushka ee maroodiga, sida xaqiiqada ah dadaalka ay ugu aan wax laga qaban in ay - ay si toos ah ugu eeyaha kale. Sidaas daraaddeed waxay la doonayo inuu iyaga ku yaab, si ay u muujiyaan wax kasta oo oo ninna waa ka cabsadeen, xataa maroodiga ah. Waxa la yaab leh, in nolosha qalabka sida dhab ahaantii gaari karo hadafkan. Krylov ahaa awoodaan si ay u muujiyaan dadaal sida aan macquul ahayn iyo doqonimo dhabta-eeyaha iyo sida eeyaha waa doqon, in ay isku wareejiyeen, qaadan trick this at qiimaha wejiga. booska Author ee sheeko ah "The Elephant iyo Pug ah" waa in inkastoo dadka sida dhabta-eeyaha, oo inta badan aan awoodin in ay abuuraan buuq isaga ku wareegsan, kuwa caqliga leh mar walba garto bal waxa uu qiimihiisu yahay.

"Choosy aroosadda"

In "aroosadda choosy" ee sheeko Ivan Andreyevich maamula a stroke saxda yar muujinayaan qof aad u caadiga ah iyo run. "Whimsical" aroosadda whimsical iyo bararsan. Waxay samaysaa iyada shuruudaha doone ku salaysan amarradaada aan qornayn ee guurka view bulshada cilmaani ah sida xawilaadda. Waayo, aroosad, xataa musharaxiinta "preznatnye" - "ma kooxdii iyo zhenishonki". Waxa kale oo ay u baahan tahay in aroos laga yaabo u jeclaaday oo aan ugu dhici waayay in ay ka masayro, aad qabto xorriyadda dhameystiran ka waajibaadka moral.

sheeko dhawaaqi codad live ah qaybaha bulshada kala duwan iyo qaybaha bulshada, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay midab u gaar ah iyo rinjiga, gaar ahaan hadalka. Fabulist muujinayaa wakiillo ka xirfado badan, booska kala duwan ee bulshada :. Beeralayda, dadka dhulka leh, baayacmushtariyaasha, burghers, adhijirrada, cabs, iwm In ku tilmaamay qaar ka mid ah loo isticmaalay erey-xirfadeed. Tusaale ahaan, in sheeko ah "Merchant" geesi uu hadalka, iyagoo isticmaalaya erayo wadhfiyey xirfadeed, iyo sidoo kale suuqiga yar-ganacsade ( "la joojiyo", "sotnyazhka", "fiyuuska", "olushek" et al.). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tusaalooyin sida ee Ivan Andreyevich weli arrin naadir ah, inta badan loo isticmaalo luqadda qaran, xoolohoodu waxaa lagu gaarayaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo foomamka iyo weedhaha kala duwan.

Krylov, mid ka mid ah kuwii hore u kasbatay sumcad dunida oo dhan ah (waxaa jira qorayaasha ku hay). Qaar badan oo ka mid ah sheekooyin uu nolosha Ivan Andreyevich ayaa turjumey luqado Yurub. Haddaba waxaa ay garanayaan oo jeclaaday by dadyow badan oo CIS, hadla in ka badan konton luqadood oo kala duwan. Sheeko akhriyo dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta.