Alexander Zholkovsky: naftiisa iyo shuqullada

Nin afaf ka barto, qoraa, naqdiya suugaanta Alexander Zholkovsky ee Russia ayaa maanta waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan oo kaliya in ay ku takhasusay cidhiidhi ah. Inkasta oo uu fikrado sayniska ayaa weli si firfircoon uga horumarsan iyo dhalaalka duwanyihiin oo u ageegi wiilal. Waannu u sheegi ku saabsan sida waxaa jiray nolosha ninkan oo xiiso leh, iyo jidka hal abuur leh.

Childhood oo asal ahaan

Wuxuu ku dhashay saynisyahan mustaqbalka Alexander Zholkovsky September 8, 1937 ee Moscow ee qoyska ka mid ah aad u xiiso badan. Oo hooyadiis Deborah Semenovna Rybakova loo yaqaan musicologist, Ph.D., ayay baray taariikhda music at Conservatory Moscow iyo Music College. Aabbaha Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich dhintay ay ka qeybgalayaan kayaking dabaasha Badda Cad, markii wiilkiisii ahaa oo kaliya dhawr bilood. Alyx aabihiis (si walba waxaa weli loo yaqaan Zholkovsky) bedelay ninka labaad ee hooyaday, Lev Abramovich Mazel - musicologist Soviet caan ah, professor at Conservatory Moscow ee. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, wiilka waalidka uu daad gureeyay in ay Sverdlovsk ahaa. Laakiin ayeeyo iyo hooyada awoowe, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in Kiev, dhuftay shaqo Jarmal iyo ku dhintay Babi Yar.

formation

In 1944 qoyska si Moscow ku noqday, iyo Alexander Zholkovsky u tageen inay tirada dugsiga 50, halkaas oo uu ka qalin sharaf 1954. Middani waxay u oggolaatay oo aan imtixaan, laakiin kaliya wareysiga inay kuliyad galaan. Wuxuuna doortay Kuliyada haybadda leh ee Philology, laan Romance-Germanic ee Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. Isaga oo carrabka ahaa takhasuska Ingiriisi. Zholkovsky Student ahaa dadaala a, iyo sidoo kale baratay, laakiin fikrad ahaan aad u lacag la'aan. sannadkaas finalka Intii lagu guda jiray waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah shirka Komsomol iyo canaan, in waqtiga u xirtey si toos ah in qaybinta wax ka badan ama ka yar hufan makhaayad.

Jidka Soviet saynisyahan

Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, Alexander Zholkovsky, u shafeeca ah iyo hanuun macallinka, saynisyahan a ixtiraamo Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova mahad, biiray shaybaarka turjumaadda mashiinka ee Institute of Languages Dibadda. Thorez. Waxa ay ahayd hay'adda keliya ee sayniska, taas oo aan ka baqin in ay qaataan a-fekeraya free. Waxa uu la Injineer ka tirsan bilaabay, ka dibna wuxuu noqday kaaliyaha ah cilmi-yar oo markii dambe u kacay inuu cilmibaadhe hormood ah. Zholkovsky ku hawlan kelmedo dhismaha, iyo articles uu ogaaday nin afaf ka barto fiican Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Waxa uu ku casuumay saynisyahan dhallinyarada ee kooxda uu yahay, kaas oo horumariyey aragtida ah ee "text-macnaha" aqoonsan yahay ka dib ku dhawaad kacaan. Sidaas darteed iskaashiga wuxuu arkay iftiinkii dhowr qoraalo ku saabsan muuqaalada waxa weeyi iyada oo tijaabo dictionary sharaxaadda combinatorial luuqada Ruushka. Developed aragtida ah kooxaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ma horumariyaan, qaamuuska la daabacay kaliya ee 80s ee Vienna, ka dib markii Melchuk haajiray. shaybaarka markaas ahaa freethinkers kooxda dhabta ah, waayo waxa, dhab ahaantii, wax walba waa ay saameeyeen.

In 1974, uu rasaas ka Zholkovsky MGPI. Tani waa sababta kadib cayrintii jagada Solzhenitsyn ee freethinking waxgaradka aad bay u dhib badan, bilaabay daahirintiisa dhab ah hay'adaha sayniska. Alexander oo kali ah u suurtagashay in ay hesho shaqo ee machadka "Informelectro" halkaas oo Group ah hawl Yu Apresian ku hoos gambanaya arimo ah agaasimaha deeqsi S. G. Malinina. Kooxdu waxay horumariyo model ah oo shaqaysay turjumaadda mashiinka Mel'chukov. Maanta, shaqada kooxdan ayaa si weyn loo aqoonsaday iyo si firfircoon caalamka oo la daabacay.

ra'yigaa

In isku midka ah shaqada ee kooxda Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky waxbarasho ee dugsiga ka qalin ah Institute of Languages Oriental ee Moscow State University. theme ee shaqada ku jiray Soomaali af qalaad. In 1968, sha la dhammeeyey, Alec horey u soo diray aan la taaban karin, laakiin maamulka Machadka bilaabeen inay niyad difaaca. Sababta in - Zholkovsky saxiixay warqad lagu taageerayo oo ka mid ah mucaaradka la xiray iyo Ginzburg Galanskov eedeeyay in abuurista iyo qaybinta samizdat. Machadka ayaa laga saaray jawaab golaha ay PhD-u-graduate post Zholkovsky ah. In dayrta ee 1968 ayaa waxaa dhacday in duulaankii Soviet of Czechoslovakia, iyo Alex mar kale ka mid ah dibad baxayaasha ahaa. maamulka MGPI go'aansaday inuu xilka ka soo fakada oo isaga kama aanan siiso ilaalin. Laakiin waxaa looga hortegi casaan ah ee hay'adaha dawladda, taas oo si cad u taageeraya Zholkovsky. Sidaas darteed, guga ee 1969 wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay xaliyay noqotay nidaamka ilaalinta, iyo ka dib si aad u hesho ansixinta WAC ah. Taasi waxay ahayd difaaca bani mucaaradka kaliya guul.

sano ee masaafuriska

Independent iyo caqli Aleksandr Zholkovsky, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lala ma aha oo kaliya in ay sayniska, laakiin sidoo kale in ay dagaalka, ma waxaan ku haboon yahay inuu xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee Soviet, iyo in 1979 ee Hijrooday - horeeyay ee Vienna ka dibna ee Maraykanka, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa tan iyo weligiisba. Wixii dhowr sano oo uu ka shaqeeyay ee jaamacadda Cornell, iyo tan iyo 1983 - at the University of Southern California. Tartiib tartiib Alexander Zholkovsky, kuwaas oo sawir waa in encyclopedia luqad kasta, dhaqaaqin ka structuralism adag iska bilaabay inuu qoro buug ku saabsan qoraaga fiican Ruush, waxaa sidoo kale la hirgeliyey maqaalo ah, novellistka.

buugaag

Writer Alexander Zholkovsky, kuwaas oo buugaag maanta leeyihiin goobo xasiloon oo xiiseyneysay, ayaa ku qoran in ka badan 30 shuqullada sayniska iyo-qorka, iyo sidoo kale ku dhawaad 400 articles. Waxaa ugu dhexdooda dadweynaha guud caan ah uu shaqada helay in la alifay ee tiraab ku sifayn unfabled ah. Buugaagta la yaqaannaa waxa Zholkovsky "Stars iyo in yar oo ah eegeysaa," "Quwad iyo isku taaga kale oo kaamil ah", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics ah is aaminaad. "