Beeraha: warshadaha beeraha. Laamihii Beeraha ee Russia

Beeraha waa nooc gaar ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa loogu talagalay beerista, nidaaminta iyo wax soo saarka, iyo sidoo kale bixinta adeegyada la xidhiidha. warshadaha ay ugu muhiimsan yihiin wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo beeraha. On sida horumariyo waa beeraha sida laan ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee dalka a badan ku xiran tahay daryeelka dadka ay.

Tilmaamo caan ku soosaarka dalagga ee Russia

Land ee dalka oo aad u badan oo, sida muuqata, dhammaan shuruudaha horumarka guul aagga this ee beeraha halkaas. Nasiib darro, Russia waa juquraafi ahaan sidan oo kale in xaaladaha cimilada iyo kala duwan fursadaha arrimaha dabiiciga ah ee arrintan la xiriira si aad u daran xaddido ah. Dalagyada sida laan ka mid ah beeraha dalkeena waa jihada arrin rajo, laakiin kaliya ku xiran adeegsiga tiknolojiyada cusub iyo ixtiraam dabiiciga ah.

Kaliya 35% ka mid ah dalka Ruushka waxa uu ku yaalaa jawi qoraxda, wanaag ku haboon beerashada dalagyada sida galley, oo sarreen ah, miro, kaleh iyo D. aagga badan Circle Arctic ah gebi ahaan ku haboonayn in wax soo saarka dalagga si on.. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaybo badan ee dalka qaadataa taiga ah, halkaas oo beerista ee ciidda - geeddi-socodka ah, taas oo waxa sidoo kale la badan oo dhibaatooyin.

Dallaga sida laan ka mid ah beeraha, ee tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, meelaha ugu weyn ee beeraha ee Russia ka mid ah:

• beeraha hadhuudhka. jihada Tani waa lagama maarmaan ah in dadweynaha ee dalka ka mid ah dunida, ay ka mid yihiin dalkeena. Rooti waxa loo arki karaa sheyga ugu muhiimsan ee nafaqada ee aadanaha. feed ugu qiimo badan, waayo, xayawaanka beeraha ayaa sidoo kale laga sameeyay dalagyada.
• Grassland. Sidaas loo yaqaan nidaamka tallaabooyin kala duwan oo loogu talagalay soo-saarka, goosashada iyo processing ee quudintooda xoolaha. Xaaladdan oo kale, dalka waxaa loo isticmaalaa dalagyada sii kordhaya inta badan berrin bannaan, oo xididdada, tubers, qaraha iyo N. sida.
• beerista dalagyada warshadaha. Waxaa ka mid ah suuf, waxayga linenka ah, gabbaldayaha, dabocase sonkorta, tobaakada iyo wixii la mid ah D..
• Khudaarta iyo baradho.
• Viticulture iyo dismaha.

dalagga Juqraafiga ee Russia

Sayidka, ugu weyn ee laanta ee takhasuska ah ee beeraha ee dalkeenna - afgembi iyo beeraha. Juquraafi, Russia waxa uu ku yaalaa dhowr zones cimilada. In wax soo saarka dalagga, iyo gaar ahaan si kala duwan ee isugu darey saneysay dalagga this saamayn sabab ugu horrayn.

Sayidka, iyo sarreen, dalbanayaan in taliskii kaamerada, doorbiday ciidda loamy nafaqada dalagyada filan abaarta u adkaysta waa la koray inta badan meelaha steppe iyo kaynta. Meesha of sii kordhaya galley yar fastidious leedahay xuduudaha guud. Shaciir ah waa wax caadi ah in ku dhowaad dhammaan dhulka beeraha ee dalka - ka meelaha qabow waqooyi koonfur oomane.

Noocyada kala duwan ee dalagyada warshadaha sidoo kale waa wax caadi ah in meelo kala duwan. Gabbaldayaha, tusaale ahaan, ku koraa si aad u wanaagsan in gobollada qalalan. Waxa kaliya ee - si aad u hesho dhaqanka this dalagyada wanaagsan waa in la beeray oo kaliya on a carradu bacrin ah si caddaalad ah. Grow sunflowers ugu badnaan gobollada steppe iyo kaynta-steppe ee qaybta Yurub ee dalka. xididdo laga sameeyo sonkorta, on lid ku ah, waa mid aad u culus oo ku saabsan xaaladaha huurka ah. Sidaa darteed, waxa uu ku faafay inta badan kaliya ee gobollada dhexe iyo galbeedka zone steppe kaynta.

Khudaarta ka mid ah tiro badan oo ah dhaqamada, u sabab ah noocyada kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa si fiican u horumarsan ku dhowaad dhammaan dhulka beeraha ee Russia. The ugu caansan dalagyada furan-beeraha waxa ka mid ah kaabash, yaanyada, bocorka, basasha, xididdo iyo karootada. Waxay yihiin koray on baaxadda ganacsiga waxaa inta badan meelaha ay jirto helitaanka biyaha - on xeebaha harooyinka, webiyada iyo berkadood. Xarumaha ugu weyn ee Beeraha sameeyay qeybaha hoose oo ka mid ah Volga iyo Don iyo Waqooyiga Caucasus.

Gardening - sidoo kale jihada muhiim ah meelaha sida beeraha. The qeybaha kala duwan ee beeraha, ee la xidhiidha beerista midhaha iyo berry dalagyada, sidoo kale faafinta weyn ee Russia, gaar ahaan qayb ka mid ah Yurub waxaa ka mid ah (gobolka Volga ah, gobolka Krasnodar). kala duwan ugu weyn ee dalagga miro lagu arkay Waqooyiga Caucasus. Dad badan oo Beero ayaa sidoo kale la rijeynaya in Bashkiria iyo Altai.

Tilmaamo caan xoolaha

warshadaha ayaa sidoo kale waxaa loogu tala galay dalkeena waa rajo. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran in mid ka mid ah ilaa ay keentay in bilowga xiisadda ugu danbeysay ee qarnigii ahaa. Astaamaha u gaarka ah waaxda beeraha ay dhacdo in tani waxay noqon lahayd aan dhamaystirnayn oo aan dalxiiska gaaban oo galay taariikhda. In Midowga Soofiyeeti, xannaanada xoolaha, iyo in xoolaha gaar ah, waxa loo sameeyay si aad u wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiisadda dhaqaale ee sano uu on arrintan in ka badan saameyn xun. Kaliya 1991 ilaa 2005, tirada xoolaha oo ka 54.7 dhacay 21.4 million tons. Sida ay natiijada isla sanadkii 2005, wax soo saarka xoolaha ee dalkeenna waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay wax tar lahayn. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jiray koror ah laga keeno ee alaabta this.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo haatan sida beeraha ah waaxda dhaqaalaha (oo ay ku jiraan xoolaha) ee dalkeenna la oran karo waa ka badan ama ka yar faa'iido. Ilaa xad this waxaa sabab u ah horumarinta beeraha ee gaarka loo leeyahay.

warshadaha Key

Sidaas waa maxay tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee soo bandhigay kiiska beeraha this? saarayaasha Beeraha ee soo socda xoolaha:

• Cattle taranta. Afgembi xoolaha, oo ay weheliso beerista dalagga ah diirada ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka / v a.
• Ragbaa. Tani waa laan labaad ee muhiimada. waxay la micno ah sidoo kale waa ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. jihada Tani waxa lagu tilmaamay galay hilibka, hilib doofaar iyo polusalnoe.
• Riyaha iyo idaha taranta. Waxaa ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo xogta laga heli jihada of zones steppe ka, iyo sidoo kale in gobollada buuraleyda ah.
• Equine. laan waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u bixiyaan dhaqaalaha dalka purebred xoolaha, ciyaaraha iyo wax soo saar leh afgembi.
• Geela. jihada waxa uu helay horumarinta ubalaadhan gobollada oomane iyo semiarid of Russia. Sidoo kale, xoolaha kuwanu waa dhogor tayo aad u sarreeya iyo caano.
• xannaanada Deerada. warshadaha Tani waa meelaha takhasuska ah oo ku yaalla Dhuldhoobo ah (Magadan, Archangelsk iyo D. t.).
• Digaagga. laan kale oo muhiim ah xannaanada xoolaha.
• Beeraha. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee arrintan waa in la hubiyo in hargahood oo dhaqaalaha qaranka ee xayawaanka dhogorta-sita yar.
• Kaydsiga. warshadaha ayaa masuul ka ah wax soo saarka ee tiro ka mid ah waxyaabaha qiimaha badan - malabka, Beeswax, jelly boqornimada, mariidka shinni, iwm ...

Warshadaha iyo beeraha ku xiran yihiin midba midka kale si toos ah. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in this, dabcan, ay ka mid yihiin xoolaha. Aan fiican oo heer sare doofaarka iyo lo'da taranta ah, tusaale ahaan, uma badna in loo warshadaha cuntada si gaar ah faa'iido. Haddii gobolka bixin doonin fiiro gaar ah u warshadaha sida beeraha iyo ido taranta, dadka reer Russia waa laga tegi doonaa oo aan dharkooda diiran u gaar ah.

Juqraafiga xoolaha ee Russia

Placement iyo jihada of takhasuska waxaa ka go'an inta ay joogaan of calafka koox gaar ah oo xoolaha. Taasi waa, sida laan ka mid ah beeraha xoolaha, in kastoo in ka yar dalagga, ilaa xad, laakiin sidoo kale waxa ay ku xiran arrimo dabiici ah oo cimilada.

lo'da caanaha laga Intensive horumarinta dalkeena ugu badnaan in qayb ka mid ah Yurub - in qeybaha sare ee wabigga oo ka mid ah Volga iyo Dnieper ah. Tani waa inta badan gobollada Moscow iyo Yaroslavl. Warku isku waa caadiga ah ee koonfureed oo ka mid ah aagga St. Petersburg. Hawlan lo afgembi iyo gobollada kale ee qaybta Yurub ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale in gobollada koonfureed ee Siberia, in Urals ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi waxa aan inta badan hadalka ku saabsan hilibka iyo xoolaha caanaha jihada taranta. Waxaa faafay woqooyi iyo - in qaybo badan oo Siberia, laakiin meelahaas waxaa ugu waa qof ugu ballaaran. Gobollada kala horjeeda si weyn loo horumariyo dhaqashada. xoolaha intooda badan waxaa la rijeynaya in ay Urals, Volga iyo gobollada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale in North Caucasus.

beerista aad u baahsan oo lo 'yar ee dalkeenna ayaa helay ee gobolka Volga ah, North Caucasus, Urals iyo East Siberia. Ovchinnoshubnoe fiican oo heer wax soo saarka iyo gobollada dhexe ee qaybta Yurub ee Russia. Doofaar, ficil ahaan dalka oo dhan. Ilaa xad yar, taasi waa dhinaca horumarinta ee Bariga Fog.

In uu leeyahay saamayn ku saabsan horumarinta beeraha

Waxa intaa dheer in xaaladaha cimilada iyo hawada ee horumarka ah ee wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo beeraha ee gobolka kasta oo saamayn kara arrimaha soo socda:

• Degree of taageero ka gobolka. Lacagta dheeraad ah loo maal-doonaa in tiknolojiyada cusub, si ay u noqon more faa'iido badan beeraha. saarayaasha Beeraha dhinaca wax aad u badan ku xiran tahay tirada deeqaha. Lacagahaas waxaa inta badan tag horumarinta wax soo saarka cusub, iibsashada qalab, horumarka tiknolojiyada cusub.
• Tallaabooyinka ah in la soo celiyo dalka yaraadeen goobaha wax soo saarka dalagga oo degdeg ah. Country inay la tartamaan wadamada kale ee suuqyada caalamiga ah beeraha in dhulkeeda ahaan doontaa dalkiinna siday wax soo saar sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah.
• Arrin kale oo aad u muhiim ah in horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee xaaladaha gaarka ah ee dalka ku sugan suuqa waa jiritaanka jawi caafimaad tartan. The laamood ugu weyn ee beeraha saaraysa ma aha marka laga reebo.
• Dawladdu waxay of sayniska iyo farsamada. The tabo cusub oo dheeraad ah lagu soo bandhigay, wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo dalagga macaash badan. horumarka cilmiga ah - taasi waa mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu waaweyn yareeyo kharashka cuntada.

Dhibaatooyinka Management Nature

Dhamaan laamaha beeraha ee Russia, marka lagu daro arrimaha kor ku xusan, waa si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay xaaladaha deegaanka. Nasiib darro, ee dalkeenna, dabeecad ugaadhsiga ay hodantinimada dabeecadda iyo maamul xumo keentay inay ka sii weyn xaaladda arrintan la xiriira.

In steppe iyo steppe kaynta meelaha ay dheelitirka dabiiciga ah ayaa loo daciifiyey inta badan ay sabab u tahay dabaysha iyo nabaadguurka biyaha. Dhanka kale, waayo-aragnimo ah ee abuuraya Bbc ayaa deegaanka la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad V. V. Dokuchaevym ee gobolka Voronezh ee steppe dhagax mareenka. Haddaba halkan waa Institute Research Beeraha. waayo-aragnimo Tani waa in si xaqiiqo ah u isticmaali maanta.

Ku xadgudubka dheelitirka dabiiciga ah ee meelaha kaynta iyo lesotaezhnoy caleenta inta badan la xidhiidha dheecaan ka mid ah biyagaleenka ahuba iyo nabaad caasiyoobay.

Sida dhibaatooyinka deegaanka ee Russia casri ah lagu xalin karo

Nasiib wanaag, xaaladda hadda jirta ee dalkeenna in qorshahan uu bilaabo inuu u xuub-beddelo. The hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee sayniska oo dhawaan la dhisay - dhaqaalaha deegaanka - ma aha oo kaliya qiimeyn deegaanka iftiinka suuragalnimada in ay la isticmaalo, laakiin sidoo kale hillaadiyo nidaamka dhawrista, isku dayaysa in la saadaaliyo mustaqbalka iyo awoodda si ay u maareeyaan maanta. Dabcan, sida hab laanta ugu weyn ee beeraha yeelan doonaa in ka badan saamayn ah ku yeelan.

Hababka ugu weyn ee Greening ee isticmaalka dhulka casriga la joogo waa ilaalinta ee noolaha noolaha iyo abuurista Bacriminta organic dabiiciga ah ku salaysan fangaska, bakteeriyada iyo algae. Science ka hadlaya humus biology - waa berri beeraha.

horumarka dhowaan ka dhacay degaanka this la fuliyo dhammaan qeybaha kala duwan ee beeraha ee Russia ayaa maanta. Tusaale ahaan, gobolka Krasnodar ee loo isticmaalo bariiska iyo galleyda technology-soo-saarka bezgerbitsidnye. In qaar ka mid ah beeraha renunciation ku Omsk gobolka of isticmaalka sunta cayayaanka iyo adeegsiga tiknolojiyada cusub beeraha waxay keentay in koror weyn oo wax soo saarka.

Waxaa ka mid ah farsamooyinka cusub waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan:

• Dareerin waraabka, in ay qaataan oo keliya ma aha ee beeraha waaweyn, laakiin milkiilayaasha badan oo beero beerta.
• kiinnee Moldboard.
• rogista cajaladda dalagga Dabiiciga ah noolaha xilliyeed.

Waayo, qorshayaasha sugaya xaqiijinta mustaqbalka dhow, ayaa loo saarin karaa in hordhaca ah ee la socodka isku dhafan oo dhamaystiran deegaanka. In ay xusayaan in ay jawaab u tahay hawlaha aadanaha iyo in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin ku habboon in wakhti fiican. Dabcan, tani waxay yeelan doontaa saamaynta togan on beeraha. The qeybaha kala duwan ee beeraha - xannaanada xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka dalagga - noqon faa'iido iyo ganacsi-gal ah.

Beeraha Germany

Noolaynta-soo-saarka xoolaha iyo beeraha ee Russia, dabcan, waa in aad lacag bixisid si aad waayo-aragnimo ee kuwa waddamada xogta qaybta horumarsan si aad u wanaagsan dareenka. Tusaale badi lagu sheegaa Germany. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horumarinta beeraha ee dalka this bixisaa badan oo dareenka. faa'iidada ah ee dhismayaasha oo dhan ilaa xad badan oo saamayn ku ururka ugu kaamil ah oo si fiican u maleeyay-baxay, iyo sidoo kale adeegsiga qumman markaana si taxaddar leh khayraadka dabiiciga ah.

In gobollada dhexe ee Germany iyo xagga koonfureed ee dalka ayaa ku hawlan wax soo saarka beeraha oo inta badan milkiilayaasha beeraha yar. xaaladda Tani waxa ay noqotay sababta oo ah tartan caafimaad qaba, hordhac ah ku heshaa awood farsamooyin cusub. Laamihii Jarmal Beeraha - wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo beeraha - keeno dalka faa'iido wayn.

Sida noo ee dalka mashaariic badan iyo horumarka tiknolojiyada cusub ee xannaanada xoolaha iyo beeraha oo inta badan ku xirnaan doontaa kaamilka ah ee salka dejinta mustaqbalka dhow. maareynta dhaqaalaha miyir iyo ilaalinta khayraadka dabiiciga ah waa in mudnaanta ee gobolka. Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaab-dhismeedka mustaqbalka ee waaxda beeraha ee Russia eg doonaa Jarmal ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilligan bulk of cuntada ee dalkeenna soo saaro arrin weyn oo leh a / s ururka.