Avetik Isahakyan: Biography iyo shuqullo

Abwaan Armenian caanka Avetik Isahakyan tagay Dhaxalka suugaaneed weyn, taas oo weli in qarnigii 20aad, waxa ay noqotay heli akhristayaasha Ruush-ku hadla ee tarjumaadda by Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin iyo Pasternak. No yar oo xiiso leh waa sheekada ee uu noloshiisa, taas oo in sannadaha Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa lagu soo bandhigay dadweynaha ee foomka si taxaddar leh saxar. Gaar ahaan, xitaa 20-30 sano ka hor, xataa in Armenia laftiisa, dad yar ogaa in guusha ee Stalin Prize oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay ee 1921, ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon ururka ee "Operation nabdoonaan".

Avetik Isahakyan: A Biography (childhood)

Gabayaaga waxa uu ku dhashay 1875 in Gobolka Erivan Alexandropol (boqortooyadiisa Ruush, hadda Gyumri, Armenia). Aabbihiis - Sahak Isahakyan - ahaa ina waddanka u soo guurey ka Old Bayezid ah, kuwaas oo in 1828 ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago gurigiisa oo tag la sii Socda Ciidamada Ruushka oo ku tiil dooxadii Shirak.

Sida ilmo, a ayeeyo yar AVO aqoon iyo Almast hooyo. Sida uu inta badan ka dib xusay, waxay gaar isaga u fiican naagta Armenian raggu, Rowan loo sooco Ehelkiisa, iyo diyaar u adkaysan dhibaato kasta oo aawadood oo ay barwaaqo. iyaga ka, wuxuu maqlay warkii badan halyeeyo, taas oo noqotay saldhigga shuqullada fiican u qoran by.

Study in seminary

Isaga oo aayaadka ugu horeysay Avetik Isahakyan bilaabay qoraal da'da 11. Si dhakhso ah qoyskiisa u tageen on Xajka si ay u St. Echmiadzin, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay ardayda oo ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan oo dhan Gevorgyan Christian Bariga seminary. Inkasta oo aqoon yarkaan isaga loo ogol yahay in ay gudbaan imtixaanka laga galo, hay'ad looga baahan yahay maamulka in ay soo gudbiyaan warqadaha waxbarashada aasaasiga ah, taas oo aan ku Isahakyan. Markaas waalidkiis ayaa lagula talinayaa in wiilkiisa u diraan dugsiga muddo sannad ah ee keniisad Archa ah. Waxaa Avetik tusay dadaala weyn, oo wuxuu ku noqday Echmiadzin 1889, waxaa la ansixiyay isla markiiba in 3 fasal seminary.

Like 150 ardayda kale ka yimid qaybaha kala duwan ee Bariga iyo Galbeedka Armenia ee 1891 Avetik Isahakyan ka qeyb qaatay rabshadihii ardayga. Mid ka mid ah shuruudaha dadka dhalinyarada ah, kuwaas oo diiday in ay ka qayb galaan muxaadarooyin ka, waxay ahayd in ay iyaga oo lacag la'aan ah ka mirootrecheniya nidar ay mamnuucaya isgaarsiinta kuwa dibadda ah, marka laga reebo booqashooyinka qoyska mararka qaarkood. isagoo aan u gaar ah, ardayda ay dad badan oo ka mid ah fasalada dhexe, oo ay ku jiraan mustaqbalka Abwaan caan ah, bidix seminary ah.

Study dibadda

aqoonta helay in seminary ah, halkaas oo lagu daro maadooyinka fiqi ahaaneed oo badan oo fiiro la siin jiray cilmiga luqadaha ajnabiga ah, ayaa ka caawiyay Avetiku Isaakyanu safar iyada oo Europe, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo ka 1892 si ay u 1895, wuxuu bartay falsafada iyo cilmiga ee Jaamacadda Leipzig. Markaasaa ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u baxay inuu Geneva, halkaas oo uu ka qeyb galay ay muxaadarooyin ee G. V. Plehanova, kaasoo sameeyey aragti weyn isaga ku saabsan.

Ku biirista madaxda sare ee "Dashnaktsutiun"

Markii uu Eastern Armenia ku soo laabtay, Avetik Isahakyan go'aansaday in uu naftiisa uga sooco, in halganka siyaasadeed. Iyada oo ay taasi, uu ku biiray madaxda sare ee hawlaha sharci darada ah gayiga Empire Ruush ah, mid ka mid ah xisbiyada siyaasadeed Armenian ugu da'da weyn "Dashnaktsutyun". Firfircoonaanta uu shaqo la'an maaha, iyo in 1896 Abwaan la xiray iyo xabsi ku, Erivan, ka dib markii uu ku musaafuriyay Odessa qaatay sano ah.

Soo hel ogolaansho in ay u socdaalaan dibadda, uu u wareegay Zurich, halkaas oo uu dhegaysan muxaadarooyin ku saabsan suugaanta iyo taariikhda falsafada jaamacadda hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Isaakyan dheer guriga ka maqnaato ma joogi karo, oo ku soo laabtay Alexandroupoli ee 1902, mar kale noqday jiraan halganka kacaan ka dhanka ah dowladda Saarka. Waxay dalbadeen in uu joogitaanka ee Tbilisi, halkaas oo Abwaan mar kale la xiray 1908 iyo 6 bilood ah ayaa loo diray xabsiga Metekhi wada wakiillo ka intelligentsia ee Armenian.

Life dibedda

In la hubiyo in Isaakyan ma noqon "dib-u-waxbarasho", mas'uuliyiinta go'aansaday uu ka saarista dalka reer Empire Ruush ah. In 1911, Abwaan ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan dalka oo deganaa ee Germany. Bilowga ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u walaacsan dhibaatada haysata Armenians dalka Turkiga, halkaas oo xukuumadda dalka in looga shakiyay in ay taageerto Russia. Isla mar ahaantaana u sakhiray in ay cadaadis iyo dhinaca Oromada, xataa dadkii degganaa meelaha ku yiil meel fog kun oo kiiloomitir u jirta safka hore.

Si looga hortago Isaakyan xasuuqii la Johannes Lepsius iyo Paulem Rorbahom ah, abaabulay Jarmalka-Armenian Society, kaas oo ahaa in ay soo jiidan doonaan dareenka reer galbeedka on dhibaatada haysata Eastern Nasaarada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan isku day si looga hortago in xasuuqii lagu guuleeysan, iyo in 1915 sokeeye Germany - Turkiga Young - ayaa guul leh u dhaqan mid ka mid ah ujeeddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ay - xoraynta ee Western Armenia ka dadka hooyo iyada oo ay xasuuq.

Avetik Isahakyan: doorka hawlgalka "nabdoonaan"

Inkasta oo kadib markii dhamaadkii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Turkey laftiisa ayaa cambaareeyay qabanqaaba xasuuqa iyo xukumay iyaga oo maqan in qaar ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan mid ka mid ah xubin ka mid ah xukuumadda "duullaammo" ayuu Suleimaan Pasha, in la dilo, wax badan oo ka mid ah ku noolaa iyo sidoo kale in Europe. In 1919, koox ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah "Dashnaktsutyun" bilowday qorshaha aargoosiga ah. Shaqayntooda "nabdoonaan", taasi oo ka tarjumaysa burburinta jirka oo ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha xasuuqa ayaa la sameeyey. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon waxa ku jira.

Sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka qoran ilaashaa, waxaa kaliya ma ahan ugaarsanaya qaxay ee Germany Dambiilayaasha Turkish, laakiin sidoo kale waxay iskooda u jabkii dhabta labaad, kaas oo lagu toogtay Suleimaan Pasha, haddii Soghomon Tehliryan seegay. dilka wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Gudaha ee Turkey lagu qabtay on 15 March 1921 ee Berlin. Xaaladdan oo kale, faragelin ku Isahakian looma baahna, laakiin maxkamad Jarmal, galay nooc ka mid ah Nuremberg Trial oo ka mid ah dambiilayaasha mladoturkskimi waayay aardoonka Armenian jeestay.

ka ee Hijrooday ee ku noqo

In qeybtii labaad ee soddon jirka ahayd ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, gobolka Soviet uu noqday more firfircoon ee u USSR ah waxgaradka caanka soo laabtay. Ka mid ah kuwa balan qaaday taageero buuxda in ay waddankooda, oo ahaa Avetik Isahakyan, ayaa ku hadlay saxaafadda Yurub oo lagu taageerayo dadaallada badan oo gobolka dhallinyarada. Isagu wuxuu u Yerevan soo laabtay 1936 oo loo doortay Guddoomiyaha Midowga Writers Armenian ah 'oo ka mid ah USSR, Academician ah Academy of Sciences oo xubin ka ah xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee Golaha Sare. Abwaan dhintay 1957 oo waxaa lagu aasay Pantheon ee magaalada Yerevan.

abuuridda

Waxa ugu weyn ee waa waxa loo yaqaan Avetik Isahakyan - gabayo ku saabsan hooyo, oo ku saabsan saamiga culus ee shaqaalaha caadiga ah iyo baaris xoriyadda. Qaar badan ee Abwaan iyo shuqullo lyrical, taas oo caan ku jacaylka naag iyo hooyadeed.

retellings gabay xusid mudan halyeeyo u qoran by, sida "qalbiga hooyadiis" ( "Mor Sirte"). Avetik Isahakyan in shaqadan ayaa sheegay sheekada nin dhallinyaro ah, kuwaasoo ay u baahan tahay quruxdiisa aan naxariis lahayn calaamo jacaylka, qalbiga hooyadiis. Ka dib markii laabasho badan, ninkii WALAACSANA dhallinyarada u qabata lover codsi oo dila naag ah kii sameeyey ay iftiinka. Markii uu gobays in uu jecel yahay, ka dibna waxa uu ku turunturoodo, laakiinse qalbiga hooyadiis gacmihiisa xadeen, "My wiil miskiin, ma aydnaan naftaada wax yeelo?"

Hadda oo aad ogtahay sida ay nolosha adag ku noolaa Avetik Isahakyan. Gabayada in Armenian, ka abuuray isaga by, wuxuu maqlay dhammaan dugsiyada ee dalkiisa, iyo caawiyaan wiilasha iyo gabdhaha bartaan xigmad da'da jir ah dadka, dhar qaab gabay.