Augustine ah Hippo: nolosha, shuqullada waaweyn iyo saameynta ay ku saabsan horumarinta scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (Waxaa mahad - in dhaqan Orthodox iyo macallinka of Grace - in Catholic) - Faylasuuf aad u fiican, mid ka mid ah Aasaasayaasha ee fiqiga ee Christian. Waxa uu ku dhashay ee sanadka 354 ee muwaadin Numidia Roman ee-jaahilka qoyska, laakiin hooyada Monica uu ahaa Christian ah. Tan iyo markii qoyska ahayd arrin hodanka ah, 17-sano jir ah Aurelius soo diray in hadalkiisaa barato Carthage. Waxaa jira apologist ah mustaqbalka diinta cusub ee jacaylka naag, kaasoo uu kula noolaa muddo dheer 13 sano. Waxay ahayd hooyadii waxa uu ina - Adeodata. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay farqiga u jeeda bulshada Augustine marnaba guursaday.

Iyadoo waxbarashada cod karsanaa, Augustine ah Hippo noqday xiiso falsafada. Waxa uu aqbalay Manichaeism, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay waxbarista Mani iska. baaris Ruuxaani iyo saameynta ay hooyadiis u keenay laabta iimaanka Christian. In search of shaqada rhetorician dhallinyarada ka baxo gobolka Afrika ee Boqortooyada Roomaanka ee 384, meesha waa macallinka codkarnimada in Mediolanum (hadda Milan). Xallinta dhow Villa ee Kassitsiakum Faylasuuf abuuray shuqulladaadii hore la taaban karo uu: "Against aqoonyahano ah," "On gashado ee nafta", "On Diinta True" iyo "On Free Will". Marxaladda koowaad ee hal-abuurka sida calaamad by saameyn weyn Platonism fiqi fikradda ah.

Ka dib markii Easter 387 Augustine la baabtiisay ee Mediolanum Saint Ambrose, wuxuu bilaabay qeybtii labaad ee hal-abuurka ee apologist ah Christian. Waxa uu iibiyey oo uu hantidiisa, iska siiyey ku dhawaad wax kasta oo ay masaakiinta iyo raacay hooyadiis ee Africa. Laakiin Ostia, Monica dhintay. Imaanshaha in magaaladiisa ee Tagaste, Faylasuuf, waxa uu aasaasay urur-diineed ee suufiyadoodii. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo arkaa uu aasaasihii amarka monastic of Augustinians. In muddo this waxaa la shuqulladaada u huray in arrimaha diinta iyo wacdina iyo macno ahaaneed ( "The Book of Bilowgii"), fasiraadda ee warqadood qoran ee Rasuul Bawlos, khuseeya ka dhan ah Donatists ah. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray fiqi ah ammaanmay "Qirashooyinkiisa."

Ayaa ugu baaqay muddada ugu badan dhala saddexaad (410-430), marka cilmiga ku amray presbyter markii hore, iyo ka dib Bishop of Hippo (magaalada of Boqortooyada Roomaanka ee North Africa). Waxay ahayd markaa in falsafadda ah Avgustina Blazhennogo gaadhay horumarinta sareeya. Fiqi sida dib ay hore aaminsan raadinaya, oo si ba'an iyaga qiimeeyaan ( "Dib"). Su'aalo ee Masiixa (dabeecadda aadanaha ama rabbaaniga ah ee Masiixa) ayaa ka muuqda shuqullada "On Trinity" iyo wareegga ah ee ka dhanka ah treatises Pelagius. The shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee fiqi waxaa loo arkaa shaqo «De civitate Dei» -. «City Ilaah"

22 buugaagta ee fiqi shaqada ugu horeysay ee isku dayaysa in ay u falanqeeyaan oo dhan nidaamka taariikhiga ah, si ay u fahmaan macnaha iyo ujeedada bulshada aadanaha iyo jidadka dhinaca horumarinta. Sidaa darteed Augustine tixgeliyo aasaasihii taariikhda falsafada. nolosha bulshada waxa kale oo la xiriira in ay boqortooyada Ilaah, sida nin (Abuuridda) la abuura. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay dayrta ee Adam, Dadka mass, xagga Ilaah ka soocay, laakiinse waxay ahaan Celin Xaggiisa karo by nimcadii Rabbi ah, - ayaa sheegay in St. Augustine. falsafadda ah fiqi this tixgelinaysaa horumarka duwan ee bulshada sida dhaqdhaqaaq horumar ka dooxooyinkii ilmada, oo hijrooday Aadan iyo Xaawo, iyada oo City of Earth (state) si ay Castle jannada (meesha iyo weligiis iyo tartay oo kaamil ah moral).

Sayidka, St. Augustine eegaysaa taariikhda marka la eego waqtiga toosan. Tani waa qeybta meesha ay ka jirto dhererka, sababtoo ah waxaa jira waqti lahayn in daa'in. Ilaah Dardaarmi taariikhda - in dhammaan ma aha kiiska, oo qayb ka ah qorshaha iyo ujeedooyinka oo abuura. Dawladdu waxay ku dareen this, u dhaqmo sida marxalad muhiim ah horumarka. Philosopher ku salaysan daraasad ku samayso Kitaabka Quduuska ah tilmaamaysaa toddoba xilliyo ee horumarinta bulshada, shantii hore - waa sheeko oo ka mid ah dadka Yuhuudda dhalashada Masiixa ka hor. Yaa qaadataa xilligii lixaad, taas waa in la buuxiyaa Qiyaame Dambe, ka dibna ay bilaabaan sida ku cad Yooxanaa Revelation ee stage toddobaad, markii xaqa oo dhan degganaan doonaa weligiisba Yeruusaalem jannada. bulshada Human in ay horumarinta waxaa ka dawlad cilmaani iska soo guuraya theocratic ah ay gacanta ku amiirradii reer Kaniisadda. Tani cilmiga of Augustine ayaa loo qaaday sida ku saleysan Church Catholic Roman ee dagaalka ee investiture.