Acid cusbada

Haddii acid ka mid ah ama dhammaan atamka hydrogen bedelay by waxbarashada kale, walax kiimiko sida lagu magacaabo cusbo. Birta ama koox ammonium ee Britain ayaa ah had iyo jeer waxay leedahay dawlad qayilo fiican iyo waxa loo yaqaan siifilisku. hadhay Acid waxaa lagu magacaabaa anion. All cusbada sameeyay la biraha ka tirsan Group IA miiska wareegsan, waa L.. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo cusbada sameeyay Biraha group IIa, ay milmi kala duwan.

Waxaa dhexdhexaad ah, haddii dhammaan Britain hydrogen in acid ee polybasic la bedelay by waxbarashada kale, iyo sidoo kale cusbada acid, haddii, marka lagu daro siifilisku biraha ama ammonium joogo hydrogen a si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay. Tusaale ahaan, cusbada caadiga ah lagu xusay kartaa:

- magnesium sulfate MgSO4;

- sulphate aluminium Al2 (SO4) 3;

- phosphate ammonium (NH4) 3PO4;

- Na2CO3 sodium carbonate.

Dissociation ee cusbada ee dhexdhexaad ah waxay dhacdaa at the siifilisku biraha togan iyo taban anions ka hadhay acid. cusbada celcelis Qoondeeyey oo ka soo jeeda acid ah iyo magacyada ay waxbarashada la xirrira.

Acid cusbada loo sameeyay by bedelay ah qayb ka mid ah hydrogen on group bir ama ammonium ah. Sidaas darteed, waxay ka kooban yihiin bir ah, hydrogen iyo intii ka hadhay ah acid. Ay formation ayaa suuragal ah keliya, waayo, acids polybasic. Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda sida:

- carbonate sodium hydrogen NaHCO3;

- sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4;

- sodium hydrogenphosphate Na2HPO4;

- KHSO4 hydrogen potassium sulfate.

In ay Horgalaha horyaalka joogo "hydro" (haddii ay mid ka mid ah waxbarashada hydrogen unsubstituted) ama "dihydro" (haddii ay jiraan laba siifilisku hydrogen unsubstituted).

The xal aqueous of cusbada acid waxaa socodyo in anions xun ee foomka of anions, iyo sidoo kale laba nooc oo siifilisku positive (udhigo biraha iyo hydrogen): NaHSO4 ↔ Na + + + + H SO4ˉ ˉ. Hydrolysis cusbada acidic sameeyay la acids xoog leh, dhexdhexaad ah aqueous leedahay pH ka yar 7, sidaa magaca oo ka mid ah cusbada. hydrolysis ee cusbada acid ka soo jeeda acids daciif ah (tus, hydrogen), xalka waa dhexdhexaad ama cawaaqib xumadoodu, i.e. pH ka mid ah ugu yaraan 7.

Haddii cusbada celcelis ahaan waxaa laga heli karaa iyada oo sababtu tahay is dhexgalka ee biraha la acid, iyo habab kale, diyaarinta cusbada acid ku salaysan falcelinta la xad dhaaf ah,

• acid ah polybasic cusbo celcelis ahaan. Sayidka helay hydrogensulfate sodium: H2SO4 + Na2SO4 → 2NaHSO4, phosphate biyo diammonium L (NH4) 2HPO4: H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4 ama carbonate calcium: CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O → Ca (HCO3) 2;

• acid ah polybasic leh alkali ah. Tusaale ahaan, ku salaysan helo dihydrogen waa barium isla'egta falcelin: 2H3PO4 + Ba (OH) 2 → Ba (H2PO4) 2 + 2H2O. Saameyn ku cusbada acid alkali, tan iyo markii ay yihiin waxyaabaha dhexdhexaadnimada dhamaystirnayn mar kale ka heli kartaa cusbo sare,

• xabagta acidic leh alkali carbonate calcium si helay: 2CO2 + Ca (OH) 2 → Ca (HCO3) 2.

Waxaa la og yahay in Consort aan ka jirin xubno ka, soo food saartay in ay xaq u leeyihiin in Groups wakhtiyeysan Table ka IIa, iyo Consort adag laga helo oo kaliya kooxda xubno IA.

Salt waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in warshado kala duwan, laakiin qaar ka mid ah tilmaamaha guud ee ay u isticmaalaan ma aha sida oo dhan si gaar ah. Codsiga noocan ah oo cusbo ku xiran tahay sifooyinka kiimiko ah oo waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa Bulshda dhaqaale.

Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, hydrogenphosphate ammonium (NH4) 2HPO4 loo isticmaalaa sida lagu bacrimiyo adag fosfooraska-ammonium beeraha. Intaa waxaa dheer, xarunta waxaa loo isticmaalay in dabka, ilaalinta dabka waxay ka arrinsashada dhismayaasha kala duwan. Sidoo kale, (NH4) 2HPO4 waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida lagu daro wax soo saarka ee fasalada qaarkood sigaarka.

Sodium hydrosulfite NaHSO3 loo isticmaalo bleaching qalabkan kala duwan iyo sawiro.

bisulfite Calcium Ca (HSO3) 2 waa wax qiimo leh sida xawliga ah u wax soo saarka ee cellulose ka qori.

Bisulfites in ay yihiin cusbada acidic of acid sulfurous, H2SO3, qayb ka mid ah epinephrine daroogada, iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in biology kelli.

Hydrogensulfates KHSO4 iyo NaHSO4 sodium potassium waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida dheecaan in metallurgy non-ferrous.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3 - walax, inta badan loo yaqaan cusbada waxaa dheer acid. Uu sii daayo ee Sterlitamak (shirkadda "Soda") sida laga soo xigtay caddaymaha ku xusan in GOST 2156-76. bicarbonate Sodium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha cuntada, kiimikada iyo dawooyinka, in dawada iyo nolol maalmeedka.