Aashito

gaaska chloride hydrogen ku saabsan yahay 1.3 jeer ka culus yahay hawada. Waxa uu leeyahay midab lahayn, laakiin suffocating af iyo ur sifo. At heerkul ah 84C laga jaray, gaaska chloride hydrogen maraa gobolka dareere ah, iyo adkaynayaa at 112C laga jaray. chloride hydrogen waxaa kala diri ee biyaha. Mid ka mid ah litir oo H2O nuugo kartaa ilaa 500 ml oo gaas ah. Xalka waxaa la yiraahdaa ay aashito ama Aashito. Xoog aashito at 20C, lagu gartaa ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah jajabka tiro maalkii aasaasiga ah in ay 38%. Xalka - waa monobasic acid xoog (hawada "cabba", iyo helitaanka qoyaan marka la xirrira ceeryaamo ka acid ah), waxa kale oo uu leeyahay magacyo kale: Hydrochloric, iyo isku waydaarsanayeen Yukreeniyaan - chloride acid. formula kiimikada matali karaa foomkan: HCL. mass gaws waa 36.5 g / jirjirroolaha. Mugga ee xoog Aashito at 20 ° C si siman u 1.19 g / cm³. Tani waa walax waxyeelo leeyahay oo fasalka labaad ee halis.

In the "qalalan" chloride foomka hydrogen ma iskula xidhiidhi karaan kula Biraha firfircoon, laakiin in joogitaanka qoyaan falcelin ka soo baxa arrin si aada. Tani Aashito xoog badan tahay inay awoodaan inay ka fal oo dhan Biraha ah kuwaas oo bidixda ah hydrogen ee taxanaha electrochemical. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay sameynayso la oxides aasaasiga ah iyo amphoteric, saldhigyada iyo cusbada leh:

• Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 ↑;
• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;
• 3HCl + Fe (OH) 3 → FeCl3 + 3H2O;
• 2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ↑;
• HCL + AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ + HNO3.

Waxa intaa dheer in guryaha guud dabeecad kasta oo a acid xoog, Aashito ayaa yaraynta guryaha qaab xoog sameynayso kala duwan ee oksidheeyeyaal wakiilada, sii daayo chlorine free. Cusbada ee chlorides ah call acid. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah waa iska milma biyaha iyo gabi ahaanba beri galay udhigo. Tolosnaada L waa: PbCl2 chloride Lead, chloride lacag AgCl, chloride mercurous Hg2Cl2 (calomel) iyo chloride cuprous CuCl. chloride hydrogen waa inay galaan reaction Intaa waxaa dheer in ay awood Consort roodhida la double ama xaafuun bond, Gudaheedana waxaa ku xeryahooda organic warankiilada sameeyay.

In xaaladaha shaybaarka chloride hydrogen waa la helay markii loo feydo qallajin chloride sodium la conc acid sulfuric. Reaction xaalado kala duwan ay dhici karaan si ay u sameeyaan cusbada sodium (ama dhexdhexaad ah acid):

• H2SO4 + NaCl → NaHSO4 + HCL
• H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl.

reaction hore tagaa at kulaylka hooseeyo, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - at heerkul ka sareeya. Sidaa darteed, in chloride hydrogen shaybaarka si fiican u helaan habka ugu horeeyay, taas oo qadarka sulfuric acid waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay qaataan heerka of helo NaHSO4 cusbo acid. Markaas, by kala diridda chloride hydrogen biyo laga helay Aashito. In warshadaha, waxaa la heli gubanaayo in jawiga of hydrogen ama chlorine saameeya chloride sodium qalalan (oo keliya labaad isla'egta reaction) ee conc acid sulfuric. Sidoo kale chloride hydrogen waa la helay sida byproduct ah in koloriin ah cokan xeryahooda organic. In warshadaha, chloride hydrogen helay mid ka mid ah hababka kor ku xusan waxaa la kala diri ee munaaradaha gaar ah oo dareere ah waxaa soo maray top si hoose, iyo gaaska ee ka hooseysa bixisey kor, i.e. on mabda'a countercurrent.

Hydrochloric acid waa gaadiid taangiyada oo xabagaysan oo gaar ah ama weelasha, iyo sidoo kale in dhalooyinka foosto 50 caag liter ama galaas leh awoodda 20 litir. Marka reaction of acid la biraha waxaa jira halis ah oo isku hydrogen-hawada qarxa. Sidaa darteed, waa in la gabi ahaanba ka reebtay oo sabab u ah xiriiraya falcelinta sameeyay hydrogen la hawada, laakiin sidoo kale (via blaastiigga anticorrosive) acid xiriir la biraha. outputting apparatuses iyo dhuumaha, halkaas oo waxaa la kaydiyo ama la safriyo, dayactirka ka hor, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qabtaan eryiddan nitrogen iyo indheeyo xaalada wajiga gaaska.

chloride hydrogen waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalo wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo shaybaarka. Waxa loo isticmaalaa anmbarka biraha diyaarinta cusbada iyo sida reagent ah ee waxbarashada gorfaynta. Hydrochloric acid waxaa soo saaray farsamo GOST 857-95 (text waa isku mid heerka ISO caalamka 905-78), reagent - sida ay GOST 3118-77. Fiirsashada ee alaabta farsamada waxay ku xiran tahay tayada iyo noocyo kala duwan iyo waxaa laga yaabaa in 31.5%, 33% ama 35%, iyo muuqaalka sheyga waa hurdi sababta oo ah content ee uu xayl bir ah chlorine iyo waxyaabaha kale ee kiimikada. Waxyeelo acid waa in ay ahaadaan dareere midab ah oo hufan oo leh jajab mass ee ka 35 si ay u 38%.