Waa maxay tamarta Gibbs ah

habka isxilqaamay ee furan iyo nidaamka nooca xiran waxaa lagu tilmaamay in marka la eego shuruudaha gaarka ah, oo loo yaqaan tamarta Gibbs ah. Waa shaqo ee gobolka. du Gibbs, nidaamyo thermodynamic ka shaqeeya, u suurtagashay in ay keeni iyada oo entropy iyo enthalpy. tamarta Gibbs, gaar ahaan, waxay suuro gelineysaa in la saadaaliyo jihada socodka ee bayoolajiga lama filaan ah iyo qiimeyn ay ku oolnimada aragti ahaan la heli karo.

Haddii aan codsan gunaanad Gibbs labaad sharciga thermodynamic, samaynta uu noqon doono waxyaabaha soo socda: waxaa si joogto ah (const) cadaadiska iyo heerkulka aan nidaamka gaadhista dibadda taageeri karaan socodka lama filaan ah oo kaliya in ay geedi socodka sida, natiijo ah oo taas oo ah in la yareeyo heerka tamarta Gibbs in qiimo in uu dhacaa marka uu soo gaadho ay joogto ugu yaraan. Hoganaya nidaamka wax thermodynamic ka dhigan tahay invariability awoodda yiri (ugu yaraan). Sidaas daraaddeed tamarta Gibbs waa iman kara a (enthalpy free) ee nidaamka isobaric-isothermal. Ha noo sharaxdo sababta waxaa lagu tilmaamaa ugu yar. Xaqiiqada ah in tani ay tahay mid ka mid ah caqiidada ugu muhiimsan ee thermodynamics kortay, gobolka la siiyey at tuso heerkulka iyo cadaadiska ka dhigan tahay in isbedelka soo socda loo baahan yahay in la kordhiyo heerka tamarta, iyo this ayaa suuragal ah keliya marka aad bedesho wixii arrimo dibadeed.

Letter naqshada - G. tiro ahaan siman yihiin in farqiga u dhexeeya enthalpy loo yaqaan iyo qiimaha heerkulka badeecada on entropy ah. Taasi waa tamarta Gibbs waa la sheegi karaa iyada oo loo marayo formula soo socda:

G = H - (S * t),

halkaas oo S - entropy nidaamka; t - heerkulka thermodynamic; H - enthalpy. entropy ee nidaamka ee caanaha ee kor ku xusan waxaa lagu daraa si ay u tixgeliyaan xaqiiqada ah in heerkulka sare yaraynaysaa gobolka habsami leh nidaamka (disorder) iyo hooseeyo - on lid ku ah.

Tan iyo markii ay labada tamarta Gibbs, enthalpy, iyo - qaar ka mid ah hawlaha nidaamka ee thermodynamics, by beddelo G ama H lagu gartaa karo by Isbadal kiimikada ka dhaca. Haddii siiyey isla'egta cadaanyo iyo isbedelka tamarta Gibbs, ka dibna waxaa iska leh fasalka ee thermochemical.

Marka la eego tamar waxaa loo diyaariyey laga yaabaa Rule Hess haddii cadaadiska iyo heerkulka joogto ah, abuurista walxaha novel ee bilowga ah (reagent aasaasiga ah) ah u keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in tamarta in nidaamka la bedelo, ka muuqday dhaca dareen diidmo oo tiradoodu tahay natiijada aan waxtar lahayn.

Tan iyo tamarta loo gudbiyo ee maqaalka, waa tiro variable, fikirka ah "tamarta Gibbs caadiga ah" ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in ay sameeyaan xisaabinta. Qiimaha Tani waxa ay joogtaa buugga kasta oo kiimiko ah, tiro ahaan siman yihiin in ay 298 KJ / mol (la soco in aragti waa la mid tahay sida gaws kale tamarta kasta). Qiimaha Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad si loo xisaabiyo isbedelka ku dhacay gebi ahaanba geedi socodka kasta oo kiimiko.

Haddii inta lagu guda jiro reaction kiimikada ah, tallaabo dibadda ah (shaqo la sameeyaa) jirsado on habka, ka dibna qiimaha tamarta free Gibbs kordhay. Dareen-celinta noocan oo kale ah waxa loo soo gudbinayaa endergonic. Iyadoo la raacayo, haddii nidaamka laftiisa u shaqeeyaa, kharash tamarta, waxaan ka hadleynaa daliilka ekzergonicheskih.

Fikradda ah tamarta Gibbs ayaa helay codsi ballaaran ee kimistari oo casri ah. Tusaale ahaan, ereygu polymer ku salaysan tahay ficil-celinta dheer. In nidaamka sida qayb ka mid ah waa isku mid, qiimaha entropy hoos. Iyada oo ku saleysan caanaha Gibbs, waxaa lagu murmi karaa in saameyn dibadda ah (tus, heerkulka sare) ku bixin kartaa falcelin noocaas ah gube Intaa waxaa dheer, kaas oo la xaqiijiyay in ku dhaqanka.