Waa maxay Prize Pulitzer iyo taas oo la siiyo. Kooxda ku guuleysatay caanka ah ee Prize Pulitzer ah

Maanta, Prize Pulitzer waa mid ka mid ah ugu caansan oo, sida natiijo ah, Abaalmarinta dunida ugu caansan ee saxaafadda, sawiraad, music, suugaanta iyo fanka. Waxa lagu ansixiyay toddoba August 1903 Joseph Pulitzer, kuwaas oo ahaa publisher a si fiican u yaqaan American iyo wariye, oo magiciisa la odhan weli la xidhiidha soo bixitaanka of the "jaraa'id jaalaha ah" ee ku sifayn ah.

Dzhozef Pulittser waxa uu ku dhashay April 1847 ee Hungary. Ka dib markii u hijroon u toddoba iyo toban sannadood oo dalka Mareykanka ah, in 1878 uu soo iibsataa laba wargeyska American si fiican u yaqaan - "St. Louis Dispatch" iyo "St. Louis Post", oo ka dhigan soo noqnoqda cusub - ". St. Louis Post-Dispatch" Qanciyay xoogga saxaafadda ka badan maskaxda aadanaha, Pulitzer isticmaalaa ay edition in la daabacay articles ugu muranka iyo madmadow ku jiraan dhaleeceyn ah falalka maamulka. Si dhakhso ah, oo uu edition mid ka mid ah ugu faa'iido iyo awood leh ee galbeedka United States noqday. In 1883kii, uu Iibsaday Adduunka New York, iyo beddelin wargeys caan ah, full of news siyaasadeed, dhammaystirayaa qoslo iyo sawirada. Si ka Dzhozef Pulittser School wargeyska daabacaadda faa'iido ka heli of Journalism abuuraa iyo abaalmarinta caanka abuurayaa.

Dhaqan ahaan, Prize Pulitzer ku abaal Isniinta ugu horeysay ee May xubnaha Maraykanka at University Columbia guulihii aad u fiican oo duurka ku ah suugaanta iyo saxaafadda. lacagta caymiska ee magacaabidda inta badan toban kun oo doolar. Dhanka kale, qaybta "Waayo, adeegga bulshada", kuwaas oo ku guuleystay abaal helo ma aha oo kaliya lacag, laakiin sidoo kale bilada dahabka "Waayo, adeegga istaahilaan inay bulshada."

Guud ahaan waxaa hadda ku jira oo ku saabsan 25 magacaabidda kala duwan, taas oo ka mid ah 14 waxaa si toos ah oo la xidhiidha saxaafadda. Sannad kasta, fiiro gaar ah waa abaalmarinta suugaaneed lix magacaabidda: "Wixii buug sheekooyin qoray qoraa American of America", "Waayo, Biography ama xusuusqorkii qoraaga American", "Wixii buug on taariikhda USA ee", "Waayo, riwaayadaha ugu fiican", "Waayo, maansadu" iyo "Waayo, Non-Fiction." Sida ay sheegayaan wararka taariikheed, Prize Pulitzer ah (buugga) lama abaal toban jeer, sida xeerbeegtida ayaa awoodi waayay in la ogaado wax shaqo suugaanta, istaahilo abaalmarinta ah.

Sheekada

Sida hore loo sheegay, Prize Pulitzer ka yimid 1903, markii la soo saaray doonista Dzhozefa Pulittsera. Waxaa markii hore la siiyay in 1917. Sida ay heshiis u dhexeeya University Columbia (hoos timaada oo ka mid ah Kuliyadda Journalism oo meel bandhig abaalmarinta sannad kasta) iyo Pulitzer, qayb ka mid ah lacagta abaalmarinta waa dakhli sannadeedka la Yimid Pulitzer Foundation, aasaasay kharash ku laba-milyan oo deeq ah si ay jaamacadda. Sayidka, fund abaal-marin lacageed sanadlaha ah ka dhigan tahay in oo ku saabsan 550 kun oo doolar. Waxa intaa dheer in deeqaha ee baayacmushtariga, fund kale oo la abuuray 1970, taas oo soo jiidatay lacagaha dheeraadka ah ee bixinta abaalmarintan qaaliga ah.

Tirada magacaabidda iyo abaalmarinta ka ayaa sidoo kale kaliya ee u kordhiyaa muddo. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1922, marka hore u muuqday abaalmarinta waayo cartoon ugu fiican, iyo in 1942 abaalmarinta ugu horreeyey waxaa la siiyaa sawir ugu fiican. Wax yar ka dib yimid magacaabista ee songs fiican iyo qaab masrixiyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, in May 2006 ka mid ah tartamayaasha ee Prize Pulitzer ku daboolayaa warqad ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale shaqada electronic.

xeerbeegtida Tartanka

Pulitzer Prize abaal by the Board of Trustees ee Jaamacadda Columbia on natiijada Guddiga La-talinta ee. Waa jidhka waxaa iska leh cod muhim go'aaminta Liibaanay. Xubno ka tirsan Guddiga La-talinta waa in la dhiso shuruudaha abaalmarinta.

Markii hore, Guddiga koobnayd oo kaliya oo ka mid ah saddex iyo toban ka qaybgalayaasha, laakiin by bartamihii 1990-waxaa jiray toddoba iyo dadka. Si aad u taariikhda guddiga Pulitzer ka kooban 19 khubaro, iyaga ka mid ah maamulka Prize, shan Publishers si fiican u yaqaan, mid columnist, tafatirayaasha, iyo lix ka mid ah lix saynisyahano.

hawlaha tartan rasmi ah ee guddiga abaalmarinta waxaa si joogto ah loo feydo dhaleeceyn dadweynaha. Sannad kasta xeerbeegtida helay eedeymo fara badan oo ah eexda iyo subjectivity ee abaal marinta ah ee abaalmarintan qaaliga ah sadeex. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay tahay doonista of Abuuraha reer Prize Pulitzer ah, bedesho amarka nidaamka this suurtogal ma aha.

Award Hab-

Sida laga soo xigtay abaalmarinta charter, waayo, magacaabista in saxaafadda u baahan tahay in ay soo bandhigaan waxyaabaha la foomka warqadda ugu dambayn ugu horreeya ee February ee sanadka socda badan. Waayo, shuqulladiisa oo suugaanta taariikh ahaan doonaa July 1 sanadkii la soo dhaafay, waayo, buugaagta, kuwaas oo lagu daabacay laga January ilaa June, iyo November 1 buugaag la daabacay ka July ilaa December.

Waxa xiiso leh, qaybta saxaafadda la sheegan karaa oo wakiil ka ah qof kasta inta lagu jiro xilliga oo dhan lacagta. wax ugu weyn ee ah in soo jeedinta waxaa la siiyaa nuqul ka mid ah warqadaha rumayn musharaxa xaq abaalmarinta. Sida for suugaanta, Golaha waa in ay bixisaa afar nuqul on magacaabista Yimaadeen by buugga dib u eegis. hab la mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ku qiimaysay badan abaalmarinta suugaanta Ruush. Laakiin shuqullada muusikada iyo riwaayado la magacaabay laga yaabaa in abaalmarinta ugu dambeyn ugu horeeya ee March sanadkan ka badan, oo kaliya shardi ah in dhammaan xubnaha xeerbeegtida yaqaanaan qaab dadweynaha.

Go'aanka ku saabsan siiyo abaalmarinta la siiyey si gaar ah u magacaabay by University ee category kasta by xeerbeegtida. xeerbeegtida kasta diyaargarayn doona liiska saddexda musharax oo u gudbiyaa Guddiga Prize Pulitzer ah. Golaha The, markeeda, baarayaa wax oo dhan ka hor, oo ay ku jiraan ku qoran ilo, talooyinka iyo shuqullada magacaabay, ka dibna horey horey u leeyihiin tixraac u gaar ah si loo ansixiyo, oo loox ee wakiillo of University Columbia. wakiillo waa doorashada ee Guddiga oo si dhakhso ah ku dhawaaqi liibaanay, oo aan sugin laawayaasha ah ee xafladii abaalmarinta rasmi ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in midkoodna wakiillo ka xubnaha xeerbeegtida toona ma aha saamayn ku yeelan karaan doorashada ee Guddiga. xubnaha go'aan ku abaal marinta magacaabay kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin talooyinka xeerbeegtida. None of wakiillo ka, xubno ka mid ah xeerbeegtida ama Council waxaa laga yaabaa in aan ka qayb qaato wadahadal ama codbixiyayaasha ah, haddii abaalmarinta dhiibay iyaga saamayn ku danaha gaarka ah. xubinnimada Golaha waxaa ku koobnayn saddex eego saddexdii sano ee kasta, iyo shaqooyinka waxaa ka buuxa by qarsoodi, oo waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ka qayb galaan dhamaan xubnaha jira ee Guddiga.

Ku guuleysatay ugu caansan ee Prize Pulitzer ah

Tan iyo markii ay soo bixitaanka of abaalmarinahaas Prize waxay noqotay wax badan oo ka mid ah qorayaasha iyo suxufiyiinta, kuwaasoo ay ahaayeen labada si fiican u yaqaan oo aan la aqoonsan by qorayaasha dadweynaha. The guusha ugu horeysay ee abaalmarinta ahaa wariye American Herbert Bayard, kuwaas oo la gudoonsiiyey this abaalmarinta Ballon taxane ah oo articles hoos horyaalka "Inside Empire Jarmal ah."

In sano duwan abaalmarinta suugaaneed abaal shuqullada sida "baxeen la Dabaysha" by Margaret Mitchell, "Old Man The iyo badda" by Ernest Hemingway, iyo sidoo kale Harper Lee novel "Si Mockingbird a dila." Isla mar ahaantaana inta badan ee kitaabka ku guuleystay Prize Pulitzer ah, marnaba ayaa ka mid ah-gada ugu wanaagsan ahaa, iyo sidoo kale qaata marxaladda abaalmarinta ciyaaraa marna ma gelin on stage ballaadhan.

Sida ku guuleysatay shisheeye ee Prize Pulitzer ah, asalkeeduna ugu horeysay sida uu ahaa wariye Ruush Artyom Borovik oo uu warbixin "Room 19" hawlaha maskaxda ee machadka ah. Sidoo kale bishii April 2011, abaalmarinta waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Anne Politkovskoy for qoraal taxane-taariikheed faahfaahsan ee dagaalka Chechnya. Wariye kale oo Ruush - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - guuleystay labo jeer abaalmarinta ay caymiska ee putsch Moscow ee 1991 iyo sawiro Boris Yeltsin.

Pulitzer Prize for suugaanta. Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee abaalmarinta

Sida hore kuxusan, Prize Pulitzer ee suugaanta, in la barbardhigo ku guuleysatay ee qaybaha kale ee aan ahayn qorayaasha had iyo jeer si fiican u yaqaan oo la aqoonsan yahay. Inkastoo guddiga garsoorayaasha waxaa inta badan lagu eedeeyay karti iyo khiyaamo. Tan waxaa inta badan oo ka soo jeeda xaqiiqada ah in xubnaha ay si adag u hoggaansamaan xeerarka kor loogu bixiyey by Yuusuf Pulitzer, sida ay taas this abaalmarinta, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah abaalmarinta suugaanta Ruush, abaal kaliya kuwa qorayaasha, kuwaas oo u go'ay ay kitaabka nolosha, iyo Taariikhda Maraykan.

Inta badan shaqeeya helay abaalmarinta waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha suugaanta yar, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si sax ah oo cadaalad ah nolosha durugsan ama u sheeg, tusaale ahaan, ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka u gaarka ah ee dhallinyarada American. Taasi waa sababta abaalmarino xogta suugaanta la qaybiyey sifayn, iyo mabda 'waqti. Sannad kasta xeerbeegtida doorteen a shuqullada yar, waxaa fiican in lagu qeexo la joogo oo la soo dhaafay ee Maraykanka.

Aqoonsiga saxafiyiinta mudnaan

Pulitzer Prize saxaafadda - waa abaalmarinta ugu muhiimsan iyo qiimaha for xilliyeedyada American. Waxaa ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah magacaabidda, taas oo lagu qiyaasay sida xawaaraha iyo isku halaynta markii daboolaya dhacdooyinka iyo waxqabadka shakhsi ahaaneed ee saxafiyiinta shaqadooda. Waxa xiiso leh, haddii ay taasi ku, ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta ma shaqsiyaadka kaliya, laakiin daabacaadan oo dhan.

Tani dabcan waa ugu saadaalin Pulitzer Prize. Laureates kiiskan waxaa had iyo jeer lagu yaqaan ka hor, iyo in la saadaaliyo natiijada codadkii ma aha wax adag. Isla mar ahaantaana, ayaa sheegay in magacaabista waxaa loo arkaa inay weli oo xasilloon qaybta ugu of fadeexado iyo eedo. dhaleecayn intooda badan isku raaceen in ay dhan abaalmarinahaas ee Prize ku heshay abaalmarinta iyo qalmeen si sharci ah.

Music iyo Tiyaatarka

In berrinkii music Pulitzer Prize la siiyo in qadarka saddex kun oo doolar. Waxaa la siiyaa shaqo fiican by laxamiistaha American abuuray sinaba waaweyn. Tani dhan orchestral, koox isla heesta iyo qolladdii shuqullada, operas iyo darey kale.

sidoo kale waxaa jira deeqo waxbarasho gaar ah in qadar shan kun oo doolar abaalmarinta music, kaas oo la siiyo si ay u qalin-u fiican oo ka mid ah Kuliyadda Journalism marka laga reebo, ayaa sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ku takhasusay berrinka ku dhex yaal of music, tiyaatarka, kinotelevizionny ama dhaleeceyn suugaanta.

Pulitzer Prize riwaayadaha leeyihiin lacag abaalmarin ah in qadarka saddex kun oo doolar. Waxay waxaa la siiyay sida agaasimaha qadariyo si fiican u yaqaan oo ah agaasimaha dhalinyaro ah, ka shaqeeya riwaayadaha ugu muujiya kala duwan. Sida kiiska la suugaanta, Shuqullo badan oo heshay aqoonsi sare ee xeerbeegtida, waxa uu marna lagu ogaaday in ay dadweynaha iyo -Laakiin waligiis ma on Broadway.

waayo Award toogashada

Pulitzer Prize waa u qalmeen loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ugu jecel yahay, waayo, sawir. Waayo, kuwo badan, waxa ay u badan ka badan magdhow lacageed oo kaliya ka dhigan tahay. Waa aqoonsi ah mudnaanta ay leeyihiin, qiimaha shaqo-maalmeedka. Isla mar ahaantaana ku wareegsan magacaabista weli waa dood kacsan. opinion Public waa muranka, iyo dad badan oo aadan hubin in waxan oo dhan ayaa loo baahan yahay Pulitzer Prize. Photos, taas oo la siiyo, inta badan gudbayay xadka of art caadiga ah. Inta badan shuqullada u hibeeyeen ilaa ay dhibaatooyin nabivshim laayeen yar-yaqaan ama horeba on. Professionals saaray qaab furan oo ruwaayado shakhsiyeed iyo destinies jabay ee dadka. Sidaa darteed, inta badan sawirada hadhay ka dib markii uu daawaday Texas culus.

Inta badan dhaleeceeyay waxaa waajib ah in aan shaqada oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale ay naftooda sawir ah. Waxa lagu eedeeyay in ay filim dhacdooyin naxdin, halkii si ay u caawiyaan dadka u baahan. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, Kevin Kartar, heshay abaalmarinta ah ee taxane ah oo sawirro "Abaarta ee Sudan ka", kaas oo lagu taswiiray gabadha wiiqay by gaajo iyo condor weyn, sug iyada dhimasho, ismiidaamin ah ka go'an kaliya labo bilood ka dib markii abaalmarinta.

Kooxda ku guuleysatay Award 2014

Afar iyo tobnaad ee April 2014 ayaa kor u soo koobay oo ku dhawaaqay magacyada milkiilayaasha Pulitzer Prize kale. Sidaas daraaddeed, guusha abaalmarinta ee suugaanta waxa uu noqday Donna Tartt oo iyada novel "Goldfinch The", kaas oo sheegay sheekada wiil iyo toban, wareegtay Manhattan ka dib geeridii hooyadiis. shaqada waxa kale oo ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee liiska ka mid ah boqol buugaagta ugu wanaagsan ee sannadka sida uu dukaanka online "Amazon" dhamaadka 2013.

Abaalmarinta Tiyaatarka ahaa Enni Beyker uu u ciyaaro "cirib", soo bandhigay qaybta "shaqada riwaayado". In category "Music" abaalmarinta uu abaal Lyuter Dzhon ku Adams for song ah "Hel badda."

Sida saxaafadda, "Adeegga Dadweynaha" abaalmarinta category baxay inuu publications ee "The Guardian" iyo "The Washington Post", kaas oo ay fuliyeen baaritaan by hawlaha US Hay'adda Qaranka ee Amniga oo ku saleysan waraaqaha ay bixiyaan Edward Snowden. In magacaabista "The cajiib ah wax" saxafiyiinta ku guuleystay daabacaadan kale American ( "The Boston Globe"), kaas oo la daboolay by qaraxyo iyo falalka baaritaan lagu guda jiro Marathon Boston. wararka caalamiga ah Best lagu helay in ay ka shaqeeyaan saxafiyiinta Reuters, u sheegay oo ku saabsan caddibaadda Muslim bulshooyinka in Myanmar iyo ka ganacsiga addoonta.