Waa maxay mucaarad? Dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka ee USSR

In ka maalmood ee Soviet Union ma aha dadka oo dhan waxay ahayd dawladda si caddaalad ah hadda. Mucaaradka yeedhay dadka ma taageeri aragtida siyaasadeed ee dadka kale, iyo dowladda Soviet. Waxay ahaayeen horjeeda sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda of shuuciyad iyo liidata loola dhaqmo oo aan bartey taabtay oo dhan. Taa baddalkeeda, dawladda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti is illowsiin yaabaa mucaaradka ah. Mucaaradka Soviet si cad u sheegay in uu hal dhibic siyaasadeed ee view. Mararka qaar waxay isugu a ururada dhulka hoostiisa oo dhan. Taa baddalkeeda, maamulka silcin mucaaradka by sharciga.

"Mucaaradka Siyaasadeed"

Mucaaradka Soviet ayaa mamnuuc. Qof kasta oo iyaga loola dhaqmo, si fudud u diro link a si, iyo mararka qaar xitaa ay toogtaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Mucaaradka dhulka hoostiisa soconayay oo keliya ilaa iyo dhamaadka 50s ka. Tan iyo 1960-kii iyo ilaa 1980, dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka lahaa faa'iido badan masraxa dadweynaha. Ereyga "mucaaradka" samatabbixiyey dawladda dhibaato badan. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, tan iyo markii ay ku wargeliyay in aragtida dadweynaha shiidaa ee furan.

In bartamihii 1960-in a "mucaaradka" ayaa waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa ficil muwaadin kasta, iyo ma aha oo kaliya USSR, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. Mucaaradka waraaqo, waraaqaha qarsoodi ah oo furan loo qaybiyey shirkado badan, wargeysyada iyo xataa maxkamadaha gobolka. waxay sidoo kale isku dayay intii suurtogal ah, una dir flyers sheego jiritaankeeda dalalka kale ee adduunka.

habdhaqanka xukuumadda ee ah in mucaaradka

Waa maxay a "mucaaradka", iyo meesha aanu ka muuqan xilli ciyaareedkan? Waxaa galay isticmaalka bilowgii 60aad in ay tixraac dhaqdhaqaaqa anti-dowladda. Sidoo kale inta badan loo isticmaalaa ereyga "mucaaradka", laakiin marka hore waxaa la isticmaalaa dalal kale. Muddo isu mucaaradka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti bilaabeen inay isugu yeedhaan.

Mararka qaarkood, dowladda safay mucaaradka qawlaysatada dhab ah, oo ku lug leh falalka argagixisada, sida qaraxa ee Moscow ee sanadka 77aad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma ahayn arrinku. Sida urur kasta, mucaaradka ahaayeen xeerarka ay, waxaan dhihi karaa sharciyada. Waxaad dooran kartaa ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah: "Ha isticmaalin rabshadaha," "tallaabo sumcad", "Ilaalinta xuquuqda aadanaha iyo xorriyaadka asaasiga ah" iyo "Compliance la Sharciyada".

Hawsha ugu wayn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee mucaaradka ahaa in muwaadiniinta in nidaamka communist uu noqday huriye iyo bedelay heerarka waa in dunida reer galbeedka iman. Howshooduna ay sameeyaa noocyo kala duwan, laakiin inta badan waxa uu ahaa daabaco suugaanta iyo waraaqo. Mucaaradka mararka qaarkood laga soo ururiyey in kooxaha iyo dibad-sameeyay.

Waa maxay "mucaaradka" ayaa waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa ficil ahaan dunida oo dhan, oo kaliya in Midowga Soofiyeeti ay u dhigantaa leh argagixisada. Waxay waxaa inta badan aan loo yeedhin mucaaradka, laakiin si fudud "anti-Soviet" iyo "xubno ka anti-Soviet". Dhab ahaantii, naftayda mucaaradka badan xagga, oo badanaa loo yaqaan iyo diidnay qeexidda "mucaaradka".

Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Mid ka mid ah xubnaha ugu firfircoon ee dhaqdhaqaaqa this ahaa Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. mucaaradka ayaa waxa uu ku dhashay 1918. Aleksandr Isaevich ahaa ee bulshada ka mid ah mucaaradka in ka badan hal tobankii sano. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa ka soo horjeeda ugu vocal nidaamka Soviet iyo xoogga Soviet ahaa. Waxaan dhihi karnaa, Solzhenitsyn ahaa mid ka mid ah dilaaliinta dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka.

mucaaradka gabagabo

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, wuxuu u kacay xagga hore oo loo dalacsiiyay darajo kabtanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan u bogaan badan oo ka mid ah falalka Stalin. Xitaa intii lagu jiray dagaalka, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey wada hadal la saaxiib ah, oo si qallafsan dhaleeceeyay Iosifa Vissarionovicha. naftaada Ma mucaarad ee waraaqaha u gudbiyay waraaqo ah oo uu la barbar dhigo taliskii Stalin ee la serfdom. Sida laga soo xigtay dokumentiga shaqaalaha xiiso "Smersh". Ka dib markii baaritaan this bilaabay iyada oo sababtu tahay oo Solzhenitsyn la xiray. Waxa uu diiday, oo sirkaal ahaa ee ku darajo wayn, iyo dabayaaqadii 1945 ayaa lagu xukumay.

Ugu dambeyntii, Aleksandr Isaevich qaatay ku dhawaad 8 sano. In 1953, uu la sii daayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa ka dib markii go'aan ay ka uusan fekerkiisa iyo dabeecad bedelay in taliskii Soviet. Inta badan, kaliya Solzhenitsyn dhaadhiciyay in mucaaradka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, dadka ay ku adag tahay.

Laalista xaq in la daabaco sharci ah

Aleksandr Isaevich ayaa soo saaray articles badan oo ka shaqeeya on taliskii Soviet. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la dhalashada of Brezhnev, uu u diiday, xaq u leedahay in qoraal sharci oo ka mid ah diiwaanka ay. Later, KGB ee wareegeen Solzhenitsyn documents oo dhan, oo ay ku qoran dacaayad anti-Soviet, laakiin intaas ka dib Solzhenitsyn Eebase ma aha in ay joojiyaan howlaha ay. Waxa uu noqday mid si firfircoon uga qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada, iyo sidoo kale qaab. Aleksandr Isaevich uu isku dayayo inuu u gudbiyo qof walba waxa a "mucaaradka". In xidhiidh la leh dhacdooyinka, dowladda Soviet bilaabay inuu Arkaa Solzhenitsyn sidii cadow halis ah oo gobolka.

Ka dib markii buugaag Alexander ayaa la sii daayay oo dalka Mareykanka ah oo aan wax fasax ah, oo uu ku soo hijrooday Society Writers Soofiyeeti '. Solzhenitsyn ka dhanka ah dagaal macluumaad dhab ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti la fuliyeen. dhaqdhaqaaqa Anti-Soviet in USSR maamulka iyo aad u badan ma jecla. Sidaas darteed, in bartamihii-1970 on talada Guddiga Dhexe ee CPSU ku soo rogay su'aal shaqada Solzhenitsyn ee. By dhamaadka shirweynaha, waxaa la go'aamiyay inay soo qabtaan isaga. Intaas ka dib, February 12 1974 sanadka Solzhenitsyn la xiray iyo faqiirsan ee uu dhalashada Soviet, iyo ka dib uu soo hijrooday USSR ee Germany. Saraakiisha KGB shaqsi ahaan isaga qaatay diyaarad. Laba maalmood ka dib, amar la soo saaray ee la wareegida iyo burburinta dhammaan dokumentiyada, articles iyo suugaanta kasta oo anti-Soviet. Dhammaan arrimaha gudaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa hadda lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "si qarsoodi ah."