Waa maxay midab of music ah. Song Key. Major, Minor

Ka hor falanqaynta gaar ah oo gabayaa ahaa Halabuurka muusikada ugu horrayn waxa weeyi lacag bixisid si aad ah midab iyo jilayaasha muhiimka ah dareenka. Sababta oo ah waxa saamayn ku ma aha oo kaliya reading saxda ah ee music ah, laakiin sidoo kale daacadnimada sheyga. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in composers badan maqalka midabka iyo wakiil midab kasta oo midabyo gaar ah. Ma shil ay taasi dhacdo? Ama waa dareen gudaha khiyaano?

Ra'yiga iyo qeexidda tonality

aragtiyaha caanka B. L. Yavorsky iyo IV Sposobin ayaa tilmaamaya in tani ay tahay a-dhaadheer isku dhibin booska. Tusaale ahaan, haddii tonic ah "in" iyo habka "Major", midab uu noqon doono "C waaweyn".

In ka badan cidhiidhi ah (gaar) qiimaha a of tonality in music - sidoo kale waa hab-soociddiisa functional of xiriir la height gaar ah. Markan keliya ku saleysan triads shibbane. Waa caadiga ah ee wada noolaanshaha ee 17-19 qarniyo (classical-ka taataabtay). In kiiska gaar this aan hadli karin jiritaanka dhowr tonalities nidaamka xiriirka ay. Sida tusaale ahaan afar meelood oo goobaabin, iyagoo la xiriira ee muhiimka ah, isku midka ah , isku mid ah magacyada iyo si bixi.

macnaha kale. Tani nidaamka dhexe jaranjaro isgaarsiinta-sare sare oo waxaa qoral iyo kala (kala). From ay ku biirto la dhibin ladotonalnost sameeyay.

midab ee qarnigii 16aad

midab of music ee qarnigii 16aad waa in Doolaal oo ah. Ereyga soo bandhigay ee 1821, F. A. J. Castillo Blazlom (oo loo yaqaan French teori). Waxa uu sii waday si ay u horumariyaan iyo faafin fikirka ah tonality in 1844 Fetis F. ZH.. In Russia, muddo aan la isticmaalo oo dhan ilaa dhamaadka qarnigii 19aad. In shuqullada Rimsky-arrimo iyo Tchaikovsky on noolaanshaha farqiga meelna laga helay. Kaliya buugga Taneyev "Counterpoint in Style ku adag", dhammeeyayna ah ee 1906, uu toosh ku dul.

"Midab" The dheer waxay leedahay dhowr macne. Waa midda koowaade, waxa ladotonalnaya nidaamka harmonics-functional. Marka labaad, waa midab gaar ah in music ah. Taasi waa, nooc kasta oo modal at height gaar ah. Fikradda casriga ah ee ku oqoonsan dhammaataan shaaca ka qaaday in shaqada ee Karla Dalhauza. Oo isna wuxuu u daawaynaya macne ballaadhan. Iyada oo ku saleysan sida ay uga go'an, waxa uu noqonayaa mid iska cad in luuq drevnemodalnaya Gregorian - tani waa saamiga ugu horeeyay ee ku oqoonsan. Waxa uu sheegay in, marka lagu daro, midab nunu ah gooye-harmonic halkaas.

Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee tonality

1. Joogitaanka abutment gaar ah ama xarunta. Waxay noqon kartaa dhawaaq, gooye ama element ka duwan dhexe.
2. Joogitaanka urur gaar ah oo xiriirka dhawaaqa, taas oo si toos ah iyaga isku daraa nidaam hoos jooge jaranjaro.
3. abutment A hal, xarunta, ama nidaamka oo dhan in la sameeyo at height isku mid ah. Laga soo bilaabo tan u socota in midab ee music ah presupposes nooc ka mid ah dhexe, oo ku yaalla agagaarka element gaar ah.
4. Yarkii (Major, Minor), kaas oo la siiyo qaab gooye iyo habayn nidaamka, ordaya ay "shiraac."
5. Dhowr dissonance sifo: D iyo S la Septimia la lixaad a.
6. noolaanshaha wareejin gudaha.
7. Qaab dhismeedka Modal salka of taas oo uu leeyahay saddex hawlood oo waaweyn saaray, tonic, xukuma iyo subdominant.
8. Foomamka Large aasaas u ah isbedbeddelka.

Mood iyo midab in Palestrina

In midab classical ahaaday mabda'a gravitation dhinaca xarunta (tonic). At noolaanshaha isla modal, ayaa dhanka kale, ma aha. Waxaa jira oo keliya jooge ka mid ah baaxadda. In Palestrina si cad loo tilmaamay qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka isku dhibin haddii aad leedahay laba lakab. Waxaa isla heesta (monodic) subbase iyo habeynta dhismaha. In palestrinskom dhibin jirin jiidashada muuqata in tonic ah. Sidoo kale waxaa jira category ah sida. In Palestrina bandhigaan urur guud ee codadka, diyaariso height. No cadences, siday u kala horreeyaan, ma jiraan wax cuf in ustoyu. In gabi ahaanba waa la dhiso iska leh waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isku dhibin kasta. Sidaas daraaddeed, Palestrina tonality jirin sida Classics Viennese (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven).

harmonies Monodic iyo tonality harmonic

Major iyo yar yihiin on par leh frets kale: Aeolian, Ionian, Farugiya, kuwaas oo caado ah, lokriyskim, Dorian, Mixolydian, iyo miisaanka pentatonic. Inta u dhaxaysa tonality ku harmonic iyo frets monodic - farqi weyn. xoog Key waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryarba soo jireenka ah iyo barxadda gudaha, hawlaha, iyo dhaqaaq go'aanka nasinta. Waxa kale oo lagu gartaa xiriirka functional badan oo xadka dhexe. Waxaas oo dhan waa maqan yahay frets monadic. Waxay sidoo kale aadan haysan jiidashada cad u tonic ah, ay xukunkiisa. firfircoonida iyo dhawaaqaa nidaamka farqiga waa si dhow ula xiriir la dabiiciga ah ee Zaman fikirka Yurub ee jeer casriga ah. E. Lovinsky si fiican u ogaaday in hannaanka, dhab ahaantii, ka dhigan view mid xasiloon oo dunida, iyo midab ah ee kasoo horjeeda - firfircoon ka.

In waxa midabada qaanso roobaadka ay composers "rinjiga" ohyahay?

midab kasta waa in nidaamka, hawlaha qaarkood yihiin xiriirka firfircoon-harmonic ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale marka la eego palette midabka. In xidhiidh la leh this waxgarasho aad u badan ee dabiiciga ah iyo midabka (color in dareenka suugaan) ah.

Tusaale ahaan, ugu muhiimsan "C waaweyn" xudun u yahay nidaamka guud iyo waxaa loo arkaa ugu fudud, sidaa darteed waxaa la rinjiyeeyay cad. fannaaniin badan oo, ay ka mid yihiin ka mid ah composers weyn, inta badan laga helay dhageysiga midabka. Wakiilka A cad dhagaysiga noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo arkaa Nikolai Rimsky-arrimo.

Tusaale ahaan, furaha "E waaweyn" waxa la xiriira dhowr ah: a midabka dhalaalaya cagaaran ee birches guga iyo midabo dhaqatada. "E guri Major" isaga u - waa inta badan mugdi iyo calool-xumida leh midab, oo uu rinji uu male in a midab cawl-buluug, caan ku ah magaalo iyo Guryahoodu. Ludwig van Beethoven, waxay ahayd "B yar" madow. color Tani ma aha la yaab leh, maxaa yeelay, shuqullada ku qoran ee muhiimka ah tani had iyo jeer dhawaaqa nasiib iyo murugo leh. Sida aad arki karto, midabada ma dhacdo lamafilaan ah, waxay si buuxda u la dabeecadda dhegeysiga of music ah. Haddii aad bedesho furaha, ka dibna waxa uu noqon doonaa midab ka duwan. hannaankii A graphic, diyaarin Motets Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (gulkroppshormon Ave verum, K.-V. 618) sheet Ferenc. From the "D Major," ayuu u transposed galay "C Major", oo xidhiidh la leh oo bedelay qaab kasta oo muusiko ah, waxaa jiray muuqaalada nasjonalromantiske.

Waa maxay doorka iyo meesha waa in midab of music ah?

Laga bilaabo qarnigii 17aad, noocyo kala duwan oo gooye tonality, gaar ahaan qaab-dhismeedka kakan, ayaa noqotay hab muusikada iyo dhegeysiga muhiim ah. midab Mararka qaarkood riwaayado tartanka theme ah, masraxa iyo qoraalka. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky rumeysan yahay in nuxurka fikrad muusikada waxay ku xiran tahay wada noolaanshaha iyo isbedbeddelka, halkii on hannaankii nunu. In dhismaha noocyada muusikada waa la dafiri karin oo muhiim ah door weyn. Tani waa run gaar ah noocyada waaweyn: sonata ah, xilliile ah, opera, Rondo iyo kuwa kale. Waxaa ka mid ah hab in siiyo faa'iido iyo gargaarka, ugu fiican waa: guurka si tartiib ah ama lama filaan ah ka mid fure u ah oo kale, si degdeg ah la beddelo isbedbeddelka, Isu dhowayna of dhacdooyin imaanayn. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa ka dhacaya loogana hortegi joogista waara qarsan ee ugu weyn.

tonalities qaraabonimo

tonality Related yihiin heerka koowaad, labaad iyo saddexaad. koox tiro ka mid ah walaac oo dhan chords nidaamka diatonic doortay ama loo dejiyay garoonka. Raadi iyaga mid aad u fudud. Tani waxay u baahan ka gooye ku tonic heli subdominant oo xukuma. Tani waa marxaladaha afaraad iyo shanaad. Waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin chords la xiriira iyaga u gaar ah, kuwaas oo isku mid iyaga ka kooban dhawaaqa. The labaad degree of relatedness - qarsan tonic la frets siman laakiin kala duwan (sida magac la mid ah). Tusaale ahaan, "weyn ee C" iyo "yaryar C". Calaamadaha codadka, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxay noqon doontaa oo kala duwan. The "C Major" iyagu ma ay jiraan, iyo in ka yar saddex isku guri.

The chords koox saddexaad leeyihiin geer caadi ah (3). The qaraabada-degree saddexaad ayaa sidoo kale laba chords in ay yihiin isku mid ah in qaab-dhismeedka iyo fogaan ah saddex metrik taagan. Tusaale ahaan, waa "weyn ee C" iyo "F-af badan oo waaweyn." All of aqoonta tani waxay noqon doontaa mid aad u faa'iido leh, haddii aad rabto in aad beddesho midab ah ee song isticmaalaya isbedbeddelka ama darbo.

gunaanad

Sayidka, set ohyahay waxay leedahay astaamo u weyn ee ah in la go'aamiyo in ay nuxurka. Aragtiyaha fasiri duwan. Sidoo kale, saynisyahano ku raacsaneyn ku saabsan sida ay usoo nooleynta iyo suuska. Haddii cilmi iyo muusikalayda oo ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub hore u helay (sida ugu horreysa ee qarnigii 14-keedii), ee Russia waxa ay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo wax badan ka dib. Taasi waa sababta midab of music ee Classics Viennese iyo romantics si weyn u kala duwan oo ka kaas oo ah in la Palestrina ahaa iyo Shostakovich, Hindemith, Shchedrin iyo composers kale ee 20-21 qarnigii doono.