Waa Maxay madax adkaadeen Biraha?

Isagoo ka hadlayay of Biraha madax adkaadeen, waxaa la fahamsan yahay waxa Biraha hoos qeexid ku dhici. Vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, zirconium iyo hafnium - Biraha kuwaas oo barafku heerkulka gaaro 1650-1700 ° C.

In foomka saafi ah, biraha madax adkaadeen ma dhacdo ee dabiiciga ah. Waxay waxaa laga helay xoogga ore la isticmaalayo technology ah saddex-yada adag. Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee uu ka kooban yahay ee furitaanka shancosbitaal ah, ka dibna waxaa jira faquuqa iyo sifeynta ee kiimiko ah oo ugu dambeyntii - kabashada iyo turxaan ah biraha.

Wajahadda isticmaalka Biraha madax adkaadeen waa balaadhan oo ku filan. Biraha madax adkaadeen isticmaalo injineernimada farsamada, Dhismaha maraakiibta, qalabka korontada iyo kiimikada warshadaha, sababta oo ah guryaha ay u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ay u isticmaalaan sidii qalab kulaylka Alloys u adkaysta.

Tixgeli mid kasta Biraha madax adkaadeen si gooni gooni ah.

Vanadium - adag biraha bir-midabkiisu cawlan. Magaca biraha ku jiray sharaf of ilaahadda quruxda Vanadis, si midabka ah ee cusbada ah oo ku jira ay ka kooban mahad. Vanadium waa adkaysi u biyo iyo acids kala duwan. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda of caag, dhoobada, dhalooyinka, iyo steels dabcan. Sida koronto wanaagsan ee batariyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa pentoxide vanadium.

Tungsten - bir adag cirro, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xaaladaha caadiga ah waxa la odhan karaa biraha ugu madax adkaadeen, loo isticmaalay saldhig ee metallurgy. Magaca wolframite macdanta tungsten ka helay (in haadka. Sidaa. "Wolf xumbo"), kuwaas oo loo yaqaan tungsten oo kharribma dikhaw daasadda qarnigii 15aad. Wolfram helaa codsiga in soo saaridda ee doonyaha gaar ah loo isticmaalo kordhaya kiristaalo hal, barafka galaas, iwm ..

Molybdenum - biraha madax adkaadeen midabka silvery-cad. Molybdenum si dhib leh u nugul qayilo iyo dareen-celin la hydrogen dhacdaa marka molybdenum gaadho barta barafku (2620 ° C). Its isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee filaments waayo, laambadahayagii korontada, iyo sidoo kale for soo saaridda ee cathodes qalabka elektarooniga ah.

Niobium - iftiin biraha madax adkaadeen cirro, si fudud la daaweyn karo, adkaysi u daxalka. Waa qayb ka mid ah ahama, Alloys kulaylka u adkaysta iyo daxalka u adkaysta, hagaajinta guryaha ay si farsamaysan.

Rhenium ka mid ah kuwa ugu daran ee madax adkaadeen waa biraha. Alloys of this biraha cirro iftiinka tungsten iyo molybdenum iska caabin ah dabka iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee diyaaradaha supersonic iyo gantaalo.

Tantalum - cirro kiimikaad deggan iftiin biraha madax adkaadeen la cado guduudan. metallurgy waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qayb ka mid ah Alloys daxalka u adkaysta, kulaylka u adkaysta oo adag.

zirconium daahir yahay biraha dhaldhalaalaan oo waa u fududahay in ay ka arrinsashada shaqada labadaba kulul iyo qabow. feature The garan biraha in in uu leeyahay iska caabin aad u dheer in ragaasi.

Hafnium waxaa laga helaa senti zirconium. Birta la aragba lacag ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro diirkja nuugta ee tigoodu nuclear.