Volga: Dadweynaha iyo Dhaqaalaha

Volga - webiga Ruush weyn, waxa ay noqotay calaamad u ah dalka. About songs iyada ka kooban, waxa uu noqonayaa qof ah ee sheekooyinka, epics, warkii oo camal suugaanta. At hortiisa quruxda Bbc, dhigo halbowlaha ugu weyn ee Yurub Russia, naftii waddani kasta waxaa ka buuxsamay farxad iyo nabad. Tirada dadka ee gobolka Volga waxa ay ka kooban dad quruumaha kala duwan wada nool iyo shaqeeya waayo, ammaanta ka mid ah gobolka oo dhan ee Russia.

Qarniyadii hore cirro

Ruush Volga noqday mar, waqti ka xusuusan on qararkiisa oo ku salaysan qowmiyado waxbarashada gobolka ay, kuwaas oo u noqday wadaniga ah ee gobolka Volga ah. Dadka ahaayeen Bulgars, Cumans, Mongols, Khazars, iyo wakiillo kale oo quruumaha Asian. Qaddiimiga helaa maragga hadalyaqaan ah heerka sare ee ilbaxnimada Volga ee qarniyo badan. Waxaa sidoo kale laga helay meel dhibcood xoog leh ay ku soo sawirtay u West xad-dhaaf ah Khanate jaaket iyo Golden Horde. An guul taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah wuxuu ahaa wakhtigii ugu jaaket iyo Kazan Khanate. dadka Ruush ah Volga ku bilaabaan in ay si degdeg ah loo kordhiyo leh ballaarinta soohdimaha Russia. The magaalooyinka ugu horeysay on qararka webiga bilaabay inuu Samara, asaasay 1586, ka dibna Tsaritsyn (1589) iyo Saratov (1590). Oo tan iyo markii qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVI ka, bilowday geedi socodka ka mid ah gumaysigii oo ka mid ah dalalkan Volga. Waxaa soo jiita autocrats Ruush kalluunka xad-dhaaf ah iyo khayraadka ciidda, iyo sidoo kale aad u muhiim ah marka la eego geopolitical, istaraatiiji ah oo ku yaalla, jidaynayey si loo xakameeyo wadada ganacsiga Asia-Europe ah.

gobolka beerolay

Ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XIX ee dalalkan Volga adeegi saldhig ahaan horumarinta waaxda beeraha. carradu Local u ogolaan in ay koraan dalagga wanaagsan, Xoolo kalluunka ahaa incalculable, iyo kaymaha ee band dhexe ayaa noqotay khasnad dhab ah soo saarayaasha ugu, in ay soo gudbiyaan waxyaabaha ay u dhan geesood oo boqortooyadiisa ka. Beero noqday qeybiyaha ah oo ka mid ah shirkadaha ganacsi ee ugu ballaadhan, iyo xitaa miiska boqorka. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVII dadweynaha ee gobolka Volga la kaabaya iyo hodan by waddanka u soo guurey ka Germany, casuumay by Catherine weyn si loo hagaajiyo sawirka dadka ka mid ah ku laayeen iyo amaahashada teknoolajiyada beeraha Yurub. Beeraha hor kacaankii sii waday in ay noqon il muhiim ah oo dakhli kasta oo khasnadda gobolka. Inta badan halkaan joogay hleborobstvo, iyo xoolaha, iyo, marka lagu daro wax walba, iyo xitaa qodistani Cusbada leh. dadka Ukraine ee gobolka Volga ahaa in qaar ka mid ah degmooyinka ilaa 7% wadarta oo la soo bandhigay "Chumak" halkan degeen, waa in alaab-xirfadeed oo cusbo miiska, si muhiim ah oo aad u yar waqtiga sheyga. Maanta, magacyada Ruush Little ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn.

kaca warshadaha

Goor dambe oo qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, dadweynaha iyo dhaqaalaha ee gobolka Volga u soo maray isbedel weyn oo ay sabab u tahay in nasiibka uu ciday baayacmushtariga kacaankii warshadaha. boqortooyadiisa ayaa la dhisay, ayay baahan yahay cement, iyo gobolka Saratov waxay ahaayeen qalabka waaweyn ee wax soo saarka. dhirta horumaray, ay u baahan yihiin mashiinka steel - oo u faanin shirkadaha qalab mashiinka tuubooyinka Tsaritsyn. Volga sii muhiim channel gaadiidka dalka oo dhan - ee deked markab Nizhny Novgorod Sormovo dhisay. badh ama labaatan sano gudahood, laga yaabo in warshadaha ee gobolka ayaa kor u times badan. Tirada dadka reer miyiga ah ee gobolka Volga ah, awelna loola magaalada, bilaabay dabiiciga ah industrially wadamada horumaray hannaanka magaalaynta. Revolution iyo dagaalkii sokeeye la raadiyo, raaceen by gaajo weyn, hoos u dhac horumarka gobolka, laakiin ma aha, waayo muddo dheer. iman kara Volga ahaa mid aad u sarreeya.

gaajo

Dagaalkii Sokeeye keenay dhibaatooyin cayinnayn in ay ku laayeen. Dadka iyo dhaqaalaha ee gobolka Volga ah ayaa hoos u dhacay iyadoo ay sabab u ah dagaalka iyo siyaasadda arxan laawe ah requisitioning cunto by Bolsheviks ka fuliyay dalka oo dhan. In 1921, ee gobolka oo abaar ah, sii dartay abaarta, taas oo keentay in dalagii. dhibanayaasha waxay ahaayeen shan milyan oo qof, waxaa loola jeedaa dhammaan kooxaha bulshada iyo Jinsiyadaha ee ku nool laayeen. Tirada dadka gobolka Volga waqtiga ahaa 25 milyan oo qof. Sayidka, iyo abaarta fakari karin dilay mid ka mid ah shan degan gobolka barwaaqo ee boqortooyadiisa dhawaan. dhibanaha aan tooska ahayn ee musiibada ahaa isku duba riday Ukrain oo sakhiray si isku mid arxan waxaa loo qeybiyaa ku andacoonaya of gargaarka abaarta. Dhinaca madaxda ah ee cuntada ka baxay tareenada, iyadoo Red Army ka degaannada ay dhibaatadu saameysey la ururiyaa ka buuxsamay. Lenin dalbaday inuu u soo yeedho ee Volzhan Army Red million.

Abaabulan iyaga by Bolsheviks diriray gaajo, wareegeen hantida kaniisadda, iyo macbudka ugu nijaasoobin. caawimo Great buriyay ururo shisheeye. By 1921, waxa uu noqday gaajo yar ba'an, laakiin cawaaqib ay saameeyeen muddo dheer.

dhexeeya dagaalladii

In muddo ah interwar, geesaha beeraha horumariyo sida uu qorshaha sayidkiisa ansixiyey. Inta lagu jiro qorshe shan-sano ayaa la dhisay warshad, dhisay shirkadaha ganacsiga iftiin. Si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa sida dhaxalgal ah ee taliskii Saarka (qaar ka mid ah warshadaha ka dibna la dhigay shaqeeyaan ilaa maantadan la joogo). dareenka badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in kor hay'adaha waxbarashada on kotoryhy diyaarinaya kaadiriinta cusub proletarian. Astaamaha u gaarka ah dadka ku nool gobolka Volga aan la iska indho tiri karin - waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay miisaan leh siyaasadda qaranka, taas oo u baahan in hab gaar ah oo kiis kasta. Tusaale ahaan, hawlaha sida waxay keeni kartaa in la aasaaso Jamhuuriyadda Jarmalka Volga ah, kuwaas oo jirey ka 1923 si ay u 1941.

Xawliga ayaa dadajinaya horumarinta gobolka intii lagu jiray dagaalka. In gobolka Volga ayaa lagu daad gureeyay, dad badan oo ka mid ah meelaha wax soo saarka, ka qabsaday Nazi qabsaday. Inta badan shirkadaha, kuwaas oo halkan joogay, iyo ka dib guusha.

Horumarinta sidoo kale helay kiimikada iyo batroolka ee warshadaha.

horumarinta iyo shaqaalaha warshadaha

on warshadaynta Volga dadaalka iminka natiijooyin. Oo ka mid ah toban baabuurta soo saaray dalka, toddoba ayaa soo saaray bangiyada of Ruush webiga weyn (Ulyanovsk iyo Tolyatti). More arrimaha suubban baabuurta, laakiin tobnaad kasta - sidoo kale ma aha wax aad u yar. In magaalada Somalisch (gobolka Saratov) ka hawl awood Trolleybus Plant. Gobolka ayaa wax badan oo ganacsi, wax soo saarka waxyaabaha aalladda saxda Instrumentation (oo ay ku jiraan difaac). Diyaaradaha iyo warshadaha qalab mashiinka ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigay halis ah. Tirada dadka ee gobolka Volga ah - il of shaqaale u qalma, diyaarinta taas oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'adaha badan oo waxbarasho sare. In siyaabo badan gobolka tartankii meelaha sida warshadaha horumaray sida Urals iyo Bartamaha.

maanta

maanta gobolka Volga - qayb badan oo dalka reer Russia (in ka badan 6% ka mid ah ay goobta oo dhan), kaas oo ka mid ah aagga, conventionally kala qaybiyey saddex kooxood:

1. Verhnevolzhskie: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Kostroma iyo Yaroslavl,.
2. Bartamihii: Samara oo Ulyanovsk, iyo sidoo kale Republic of Chuvashia, Tatarstan iyo Mari El.
3. Nizhnevolzhkie: Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd iyo Saratov daray Jamhuuriyadda Kalmykia iyo Tatarstan.

Waxay qayb ka mid ah laba yihiin degmooyinka federaalka (Volga iyo Koonfurta).

17 million Ruushka ee ku nool gobolka.

cufnaanta dadweynaha gobolka Volga ah waa mid aad u Nuurre Aw, waa saddex jeer ka badan celceliska qaranka (Km 31 degganaa / sq..), Laakiin waa mid aad u yar yar ee Republic of Kalmykia - Km dadka kaliya 4.3 / sq.. km.

Halabuurka Qaranka waa gaar ah: waxaa ku nool 16% ka mid ah tataarka, 5% Mordovtsev iyo Chuvash, hadiyado iyo quruumaha kale, laakiin inta badan dhammaan Ruush - ilaa 70%.

In gobolka Volga 90 magaalo, saddex ka mid ah - "hal million" (Samara, Kazan iyo Volgograd). Malaha in sanadaha soo socda ay jiri doona Saratov.

Korodhka tirada waxa lagu gartaa heerka sare ah, laakiin inta badan tani waa ay sabab u tahay tirada badan oo muhaajiriin ah. Edge waxaa fiican, ayuu saadaaliyay rajada wanaagsan, oo halkan kaalay degganaanta joogtada raalli ka ah.