Vibrations Operating - gariirka wajiga

geeddi socodka Oscillatory - qayb muhiim ah ee sayniska casriga ah iyo technology, si ay had iyo jeer lagu siiyo fiiro gaar ah u daraasadda sida mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka "weligeed ah". Hawsha wax aqoon - ma dadbaa cajiib, iyo isticmaalka nolol maalmeedka. Oo sidaas, waxaa maalin kasta oo waxaa jira nidaamyo farsamo cusub iyo habab. Waxay yihiin ku biiro, taas oo muujinaysa in ay nuxurka, shaqada qaar ka mid ah samaynayaan, ama lagu go'an, hayn kara xaaladaha qaarkood, si ay u tagaan gobolka mooshin. Waa maxay dhaqdhaqaaqa? Aan u socday galay kaymaha, inaannu wax ka qaadannaa fasiraadda fudud: beddel booska wax of qaraabo jidhka nidaamka wax isku xirka, kaas oo la conventionally go'an tixgeliyo.

Waxaa ka mid ah wayn tirada suurto gal dhaqdhaqaaqa gaar ah danta waa oscillating, taas oo ah waxa lagu gartaa in in nidaamka celis ah la beddelo ee ay asal ahaan (ama jirka tiro) ee caadiga ah dura - wareegyada. gariirka noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan wareegsan ama xilliile ah. ka mid ah fasalka u gaar ah oo oscillations harmonic, kaas oo calaamadaha dabeecadda (xawaare, dardargelinta, meel ku meel, iwm) way kala duwan yihiin sinusoidally wakhtiga, i.e., haystaan u-ekaanta sinusoidal. hantida A cajiib ah oo ka mid ah oscillations harmonic waa in ay isku dhafan waa wax kala doorashooyin kale, oo ay ku jiraan iyo non-harmonic. A aad u muhiim ah in fikradda physics yahay "wajiga oscillations", taas oo macnaheedu yahay ku meel oo ka mid ah oscillating jirka u qardarin at gaar ah waqti. Wajiga qiyaasay in unugyada angular - halbeegga halkii aan sabab lahayn, sida hab ku haboon si ay u sharxaan habka wareegsan. In si kale loo dhigo, waxa go'aaminaya qiimaha wajiga of xaaladda ay ku sugan nidaamka oscillating ah. Haddii kale ma awoodo - maxaa yeelay, isbedbedelka wajiga waa dood ah ee shaqada oo qeexaya isbedbedelka kuwan. Qiimaha runta ah ee wajiga for dhaqdhaqaaqa dabeecada vibrational ayaa tilmaamaya laga yaabaa in ay wadataa, xawaaraha, iyo xuduudaheedu kale jirka oo sinusoidally kala duwan yihiin, laakiin caadi u tahay tiirsanaanta waqti.

Muuji in wajigan ah oscillation ma aha wax adag - waxay u baahan tahay nidaam farsamo fudud - thread, r dheer, oo ku deldesheen oo u "dhibic wax" - Bob. Waxaan hagaajin dunta ee xarunta of qaab a habka dhidibada iyo qasbi our "pendulum" qabow. Ina keena aynu ka fikirno in uu diyaar u yahay u samayn la w xawaare angular ahaa. Markaas, inta lagu guda jiro waqti t load xagal wareeg waa φ = WT. Intaa waxaa dheer, muujinta this waa in la tixgeliyaa wajiga hore ee oscillation sida φ0 xagal - booska nidaamka hor inta aadan bilaabin dhaqdhaqaaqa. Sayidka, wadarta xaglaha wareeg ah, wajiga waxaa laga xisaabiyaa φ la xiriirta = WT + φ0 ah. Markaas hadal ee shaqada harmonic iyo qiyaas ah duwo load on the-dhidibka X, waxaynu u qori karnaa:

x = A * sababtoo ah (WT + φ0), halkaas oo A - Ilodanimada inayan ee isbedbedelka kiiskan waa loo siman yahay si r - gacan of dunta.

Sidoo kale, qiyaas la mid ah on the-dhidibka Y waxaa qoran sida soo socota:

y = A * dembiga (WT + φ0).

Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in wajiga of oscillation ka dhigan yahay in kiiskan loo cabbiro ma wareeg "xagal", iyo ilaa xadka angular of time in muujinayaa waqtiga halbeegyo xagal. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan load la wareejiyo by xagal gaar ah, kaas oo laga gaara go'aamin karaa xaqiiqada ah in xawaaraha angular for isbedbedelka xilliile w = 2 * π / T, halkaas oo T - muddo oscillation. Sidaas awgeed, haddii mid ka mid muddo u dhiganta wareeg dhex halbeegga 2π, qayb ka mid ah wakhtiga muddada loo saami sheegi karaa sida jajab ee xagal ee wareeg oo buuxa 2π.

Isbedbedelka aan ka jirin isu by - dhawaaqa, iftiinka, gariirka had iyo jeer waa superposition ah, superposition of tiro badan oo ah oscillations ka ilo kala duwan. Dabcan, natiijada superposition laba ama in ka badan vibrations saamayn xuduudaheedu ay, oo ay ku jiraan iyo oscillations wajiga. Formula total oscillation badanaa nonharmonic, sidaas laga yaabaa in aad u adag foomka, laakiin tani waxay noqotaa oo keliya u xiiso badan. Sida kor looga hadlay, wax kasta oo oscillation non-harmonic matali karaa sida tiro badan oo ah harmonic oo ka mid ah isla Ilodanimada, soo noqnoqoshada iyo wajiga. In xisaabta, howlgalkan waxaa lagu magacaabaa "ballaarinta oo isku xigta", oo si weyn loo isticmaalaa in xisaabinta, tusaale ahaan, xoogga dhismayaasha iyo goobaha. The salaysan xisaabinta waa daraasadda of oscillations harmonic la koobin oo dhan, oo ay ku jiraan wajiga.