The qareenada-wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan

sayniska Legal iyo nooca hawsha xirfadeed taariikhda dib ugu jeer oo ka mid ah boqorada Roman. Waxa uu ahaa Romans ka tiirarka asaasiga ah ee dhammaan dhaqanka sharci casriga la dhigay. Sidaa darteed waa yaab ma laha in qarniyo badan waxaa jiray set joogta ah fikradaha ku saabsan takhasus ku haboon. In taariikhda gobolka Ruush maadaama ay jiraan tiro ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ayaa kaalin ugu weyn in la dhiso nidaam sharci ah oo heer qaran ah.

qorayaasha sharci yaqaan

sharci kasta oo la soo saaray iyadoo ay ku saleysan waxbarasho ee sharci fulinta, door muhiim ah ka ah aragtiyaha play sharci, habka by codsanaya hababka sayniska iyo ansaxnimada horumarinta anshaxa waxbarashada si ay u tababaraan shaqaalaha cusub. The ugu qareenada Ruush caanka ah ee arimahan dhaqdhaqaaqa: N. M. Korkunov, K. P. Pobedonostsev, B. N. Chicherin, MI Braginsky.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Korkunoff

N. M. Korkunov (1853-1904) - waxay ka timaaddaa qoyska tacliimeed, qalin a of St. Petersburg University, iyo ka dib - macallinka. Iyada oo 70 ka mid ah 90 sano ee qarnigii, macalin on sharciga dastuuriga ah ee Kuliyadda Sharciga ee Alexander Lyceum ah iyo Akadeemiyadda Milatariga. Ka mid ah shuqulladiisa - "The amar iyo sharciga", "sharciga gobolka Ruush." About sano ah Nikolai Mikhailovich qabtay jagada Xoghayaha State ee Golaha Gobolka.

The shaqada ugu muhiimsan - "Khudbooyin on aragtida guud ee sharciga" - mid ka mid ah buugaagta ugu weyn ee jaamacadaha Ruush ahaa, ayaa sidoo kale lagu turjumay Faransiis iyo Ingiriisi, qareennada Western tixgeliyaa "Khudbooyin" daraasad dhamaystiran oo qaabka guud ee aragtida sharciga wanaagsan.

Tan iyo markii ay aaminsan yihiin ka nm Korkunova ma la kulmaan fikirka xilliga Soviet, shuqulladiisa lagu bartay oo keliya waayo-aragnimo ah ee culimada deeqsi ah waqti la soo dhaafay, iyo sayniska casriga ah, tixraacayo ah oo miisaankeedu yahay muhiimadda ay leedahay hal-abuur - failed, laakiin waa in aynaan illoobin in ay tahay midhaha hawlaha Korkunova uu barayay shaqada ayaa xubno ka koowaad ee laamaha sida sayniska sida, sharciga gobolka maamul caalami ah,.

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev

KP Pobedonostsev kobciso qoyska professorial cibaado leh. bedeel Ruush waqtiga views mararka qaarkood kuwo ku kala duwan arhaisticheskie - sharciga, in ay opinion, waa in lagu saleeyaa ku dogmas Orthodox iyo hab dhaqan wanaagsan. fikrad Tani xayiran iyo Pobedonostsev, ka fiirsaneysa, tusaale ahaan, in doorashada aan ahayn lacagta dadweynaha, guud ahaan kulan siyaasadeed oo raqiis ah. Dadku waxay u, sida uu cilmiga ah, waa in aan u awoodo in uu muujiyo doonista, tan iyo ujeedka Ilaah oo u timid in hoggaanka oo dhan ee dalka la siiyay Boqortooyada.

In suugaanta Soviet K. P. Pobedonostsev ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sida doode cadaanyo ba'an, laakiin meesha ma uusan ka uu yeerida, tan iyo markii shaqada ee cilmiga this waxaa loo arkaa classic ah: weyn garanaya taariikhda sharciga, Pobedonostsev farsamo sameeyay falanqaynta ah hay'adaha sharci gaar ah iyada oo loo marayo hab taariikh barbardhig.

Intaa waxaa dheer, muhiimadda ugu weyn ay ahayd isaga kooxdiisana waxaa ka mid ah sharciga madaniga ah oo ku salaysan aqoonta asaasiga ah ee dugsiga sharci Ruushka.

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin

Ma aha oo dhan oo ka mid ah qareenada Ruush ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay loo yaqaan ku faani karo sida ballaaran maskax sida B. N. Chicherin, oo sidoo kale ahaa taageere u ahaa neo-Hegelianism, iyo taariikhyahan, oo ku takhasusay culuunta sayniska. Wadista waxbaridda, cilmiga fahamsan yahay muhiimadda ay Zaman oo ka mid ah habaynta Great taariikhda dadka Ruush. Sida macallin, Chicherin xoreynta isku dayay hab cusub oo waxbaridda ku salaysan waxbarasho ee aragtida maamulka dadweynaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, views kala duwan caalim muxaafidka ah - sida wakiil dhabta ah ee hormoodka waqtiga, uu rumeysan yahay in bulshada Ruush ma jiri karo oo aan KT ah. B. N. Chicherina la oran karo waa asaasaha dugsi sharciga ee taariikh ahaaneed, sida uu qoray saynisyahan shuqullada sida "The History of Fikradaha Siyaasadda", "Hantida iyo Gobolka", waxaa iska leh "Tijaabo on taariikhda sharciga Ruush."

Sidoo kale, a qareenada si fiican u yaqaan yar, ka duwan Chicherina B. N., waa in liiska kaalin mudnaan cilmiga of liberalism, ereyada ah caqiidada ugu weyn ee ay.

Gabriel Feliksovich Shershenevich

Shershenevich GF - waxay ka timaaddaa ah qoyska reer Poland oo sharaf leh, qalin a of University of Kazan. Sphere oo xiiso of saynisyahano bilowga hawlaha baridda ahaayeen hay'adaha sida sharciga madaniga ah, sida securities-ka iyo hay'adaha sharciga ah. Shershenevich GF ayaa sidoo kale ku hawlan arrimaha sharciga ganacsiga, taas oo waxaa la geeyay cilmi ay PhD.

allifaadda Midkii kowaad wuxuu u aragtiyaha cajiib ah ayaa u huray in koorsada guud ee sharciga madaniga ah, kuwaas oo isku khilaafay qoto-dheer waxbarasho ee falalka sharci-dejinta iyo garsoorka ka kooban guud iyo Avv badan. Later Shershenevich GF isku dayaan in ay dogmatize taariikhda falsafadda ah sharciga, abaabulo sawirka aqoon kala duwan.

Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay ardayda ugu horeysay siiyey buugaagta nidaamsan on sharciga madaniga ah, loo yaqaan oo cadaymo ah ee sharciyada iyo ka saarista ee labonimada sharci.

Qareenada barbarta hadalka Fine garsoorka

Xisbiga tartanka Garsoorka - taasi waa xafiiltanka ka mid ah dhacdhacaan, taas oo u baahan in talanti, codkarka, awood u leh inay sameeyaan go'aamada degna. Practice, markeeda, siiyey cunto aragtiyaha fikirka. Waxaa ka mid ah ugu caansan - F. Plevako, A. F. Koni, VD Spasovich iyo kuwa kale. hadalka Forensic Qareenada loo yaqaan weli la bartay kulliyadaha sharciga ah ee dalka iyo u adeega sida tusaale u ah falalka sixid ah.

Fedor Alekseevich Koni

Qareenada oo dhan ma aha si fiican u yaqaan khilaafeen tayo iyo aftahanka si dhif ah sida Koni F. A., ina caanka vaudeville qoraa, dhaliila, editor iyo aktarada. Garsooraha ayaa mustaqbalka iyo xeer ku bartay guriga, si fiican ugu shan luqadood. Koni F. A. waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb-socodka sharci-dejinta, wuxuu qabtay xilal sare oo ka tirsan xafiiska xeer-ilaalinta, garsoorka, gaar ahaan, wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyaha maxkamadda degmada Peterburg.

Marar badan-profile sare la baaray la qaybgalka afhayeenka. Mid ka mid ah ugu caansan - cadaalad Vera Zasulich, duqa magaalada St. Petersburg isku dayay in uu toogto sababtoo ah aargoosi Arkhip Bogolyubov, oo noqday dhibane go'amada maamul. Si aad u yaab badan, Koni A. F. ayaa u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan siidaynta for Zasulich, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday si fiican u yaqaan Markis-kacaan.

Koni A. F. si firfircoon uga sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan sannadaha awoodda Soviet, isagoo kacaan, qareen caan ah, oo wuxuu noqday professor a at St. Petersburg University, akhri badan oo muxaadarooyin dadweynaha, waxbarista dadweynaha. Markuu ku noolaa in ay da 'weyn, codkar ah oo cajiib ah oo uu neefta ee la soo dhaafay ma joojin inay u shaqeeyaan Fatherland ah.

Mid kasta oo ka tirooyinka kor ku xusan, dabcan, waa tusaale ka mid ah adeega aamin ah kiiska la doortay, iyo aragtiyaha casri ah iyo dad xirfadlay u baahan tahay in la raaco oo ay tusaale ahaan.