Salvatore Riina (Toto Riina) - maafiyada Sicilian Talyaani. nolosha Dambiyada Salvatore Riina

Salvatore "Toto" Riina tan iyo sanadkii 1970 ilaa uu qabtay sanadkii 1993, waxa uu ahaa tababaraha qabiilka maafiyada magaalada Sicilian of Corleone ah. Waxa uu yaqaan nin arxan iyo naxariis lahayn, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan oo kaliya sida bahalka. Riina waqti waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay capi of Mafia Sicilian ah capo del, oo qeyb ka ahaa in ka badan kun dil.

Beerrey baa ka Corleone

Salvatore Riina Corleone ku dhashay November 16, 1930. Xitaa isagoo da 'yar ayuu ku biiray koox maafiyada maxaliga ah, taas oo mar orday dhakhtar ixtiraamo maxaliga ah, Michele Navarra.

nolosha Dambiyada Toto Riina bilaabay hordhac ah xisbiga, oo madaxiisa ahaa Luchano Ledzho. In 1949, Toto lagu amray in ay dilaan nin by magaca Domenico DeMateo; waxa ay ahayd in uu dhibbanaha ugu horreeya. Waayo, dambigan Salvatore la xiray iyo ku riday xabsi 6 sano.

Ka dib markii uu sii daayo xabsiga, wuxuu tuulada jir ah oo sigaarka tahriibiyay, xatooyo xoolo iyo lacag baad ah ku soo laabtay. Sanadihii kuwa, burcadda ka ah beelaha qaniga ah iyo saameynta disparagingly yeedhay xubnaha Leggio ah "yaroow". naaneesta Tani qaali ah in qof kasta oo uu mar yiri. In bartamihii 1950-, Luchano Ledzho iyo kooxdiisa waxa ay noqotay in ka yar ay ku xidhan tahay tababaraha ugu sarreeya Michele Navarra. Inta u dhaxaysa xiisadda sii kordhaysa, iyo Navarre go'aansaday in la baabi'iyo caasi ah "Lieutenant." In xagaagii 1958, waxaa jiray isku day lagu guulaysan in dilka Leggio, kaasoo kaliya usoo cusbooneysiisay intuu dhirfay.

Dhawr todobaad ka dib isku daygii lagu guulaysan Luchano Ledzho iyo raggiisiiba waxay la dirireen dib. In dilaayaal u yimid askartii ka mid ah Salvatore Riina iyo Bernardo Provenzano. August 2, 1958 Navarre iyo dhakhtar kale ayaa guriga wadida marka hoos dab mashiinka-qori yimid weerar gaadmo ah oo ka soo. gaariga ayaa waxaa buuxeen rasaas, oo ay ku dhinteen sida Navarre, iyo Saaxiibkiis. In toddobaadyada soo socda iyo bilaha ayaa la burburiyey qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu dadaalka badan ee Navarra iyo Leggio wareegeen qabiilka Corleone.

"Corleonesi" hoos jihada of Leggio

kooxaynta wakiillo ka Corleone caanka ah sida dambiilayaasha dulmiga badan, lagu dilay, mid kasta oo u istaagay in ay maraan jidkii. Booliska ayaa barbaro fiiro gaar ah u kordhay ee rabshadaha iyo xisaabiyaa qofka mas'uulka ah dhiigga daadanaya. Soon Riina, Provenzano iyo Leggio ahaayeen on liiska doonayo. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah uu ku soo biiray taageerayaasha Leggio Salvatore Greco, oo hogaaminayey dagaalka ka dhanka ah Angelo Barbera, oo madax ka ah dhismeedka maafiyada colaadeed. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ka dhigay taariikhda dagaalka ugu horeeyay ee Mafia Sicilian ah. Bishii December 1962, oo ku saabsan amarrada Barbera lagu dilay khalkedoon Di Pisa, kuwaas oo lagu eedeeyay xadidda heroin xisbiga loogu tala galay in loo diro New York. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Greek amartay dilka Salvatore Barbera. Dilka sii waday ilaa 1963, markii Angelo Barbera waxaa la xiray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalka this qasbay dowladda in uu abaabulo hawlgal baaxad weyn oo ka dhan ah maafiyada ah, oo sababtay in boqolaal qof ay ka dambeeyeen baararka. In 1964, Leggio iyo Riina ayaa xabsiga, balse waxay awoodaan si ay u cabsi xeerbeegtidu iyo markhaatiyaal ahaayeen. Wax yar ka dib Riina lagu sii daayay oo haddana wuxuu galay dhuunto. In ka badan 23 sano ee soo socda, waxa ku hadhay muuqasho.

By 1969, markii uu ka tagay Leggio, in qaab dhismeedka Mafia ah, wax badan ayaa iska beddelay. Copula, la aasaasay 1957 Dzhozefom Bonanno, by wakhtigan ka mid ah oo kaliya saddex xubnood asalka ah: Gaetano Badalamenti, Stefano Bontade iyo Luchiano Ledzho. At shirarka, halkii uu tababaraha inta badan uu ka qeyb galay ku xigeenkiisa, Salvatore Riina. Isla sanadkaas, waxaa la abaabulay dilka Michele Kavatayo, xubin ka mid ah hore ee coupler iyo madaxa qabiilka Acquasanta. Mid ka mid ah kuwii dilay uu ahaa Riina. Ka dib markii in, ay burcad ah Corleone ku kordhiyay ay awood ku Palermo, xarunta of Mafia Sicilian ah.

Mattanza, 1981-1983

Dhuumanayaan Milan Leggio ayaa la xiray sanadkii 1974 ka dib markii bilaysku ka heleen dhagaysto uu telefoonka. Xataa xabsiga, ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay in uu ordo arrimaha iyaga u gaar ah iyada oo loo marayo Toto Riina iyo Bernardo Provenzano, kuwaas oo ka mid ah mobsters la shaqayn jiray ayaa loo yaqaan Le Belve, ama "dugaagga". Riina waxay bilaabeen inay soo ururiyaan xulafadooda oo dhan ee Sicily, inaan baabbi'iyo inta ay xafiiltamaan. Ka mid ah soo horjeeda ay ahaayeen xubno ka tirsan copula ku Gaetano Badalamenti iyo Stefano Bontade iyo Salvatore Intserilo iyo Tommaso Buscetta. Mafia dagaalkii labaad waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa Mattanza - fog ee qaadaan tuna ee Sicily. Hannaan ee koritaanka dulmiga ahaa Gaetano Badalamenti laga saaray post ee madaxa Mafia Sicilian ah. Riina Badalamenti lagu eedeeyay lacag xaffis ka iibinta daroogada, taasoo keentay in dambaysta ah ayaa lagu qasbay inuu si America carari. Sabab kale oo dagaalka uu ahaa dhacdada 1978, dilka Giuseppe Di Cristina, associate Salvatore Intserilo. Waxa uu ahaa cad in Riina indhaha ku haya inuu qabsaday awooda wayn ee Mafia Sicilian iyo si buuxda uga taliso ganacsiga daroogada.

In 1980, Tommaso Buscetta laga sii daayay xabsiga oo u tegey Brazil si looga fogaado is ku lugta leh dagaalka. Sannad ka dib, wuxuu la dilay by Stefano Bontade, iyo laba toddobaad oo kale Intserilo shot. Sayidka colka ugu muhiimsan waxaa lagu reebay burcadda ka Corleone. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Riina ma waxaa joojin iyo si joogto ah lagu dilay oo dhan qaraabada iyo saaxiibada ay. Tusaale ahaan, Salvatore Contorno dilay 35 xubnaha qoyska. Sidaas darteed, maafiyada Sicilian ay Contorno baqay naftiisa oo dhan, iyo go'aansaday on nooca kaliya ee aargoosiga by noqdo markhaati dowladda.

Cadaveri eccelenti (maydka caan)

Tan iyo "Corleonesi" helay xoog, iyo maal, sidoo kale kor u kacay awoodda ay u leeyihiin in ay saamayn dowladda. Siyaasiyiinta inta badan iskaashi la Mafia ah, oo diiday in uu si deg deg ah oo nadiif ah. Tusaale ahaan, 1971 xeer-ilaaliyaha guud Pietro Scallion la dilay kadib markii uu booqday qabriga naagtiisa. Waxa uu ku dhow yahay inuu Vito Ciancimino, kuwaas oo markii dambe noqday lahaa duqa Palermo oo qaadi doona amarrada Riina. Bishii September 1982, maafiyada mar kale muujiyeen in ay tirtiraan kartaa wax kasta oo aadanaha, waana waxba waayo, ma doono. Waxaa la toogtay Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, guud Talyaani ah, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay Sicily in ay ula socdaan hoos u maafiyada iyo afjaro Mattanza ah. Ka dib markii in, ninna kuma dhicin si ay uga hortagaan dambiilayaasha ilaa waxaa jiray Giovanni Falcone. Marka hore, ayuu ku dhowaad ma caawimaad ka hesho asxaabta ay ka heli maxaa yeelay, waxay ahaayeen dhammaantoodse waa ka cabsadeen in lagu dilo by Mafia ah. Muddo ka dib mafioso weyn Tommaso Buscetta go'aansaday inaan u markhaati furo, si ay u ciqaabi "Corleonesi" oo ay ku dhinteen qaraabada oo dhan.

Buscetta ahaa mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu sareeya ee dambiyada abaabulan weligiis siiyey caddayn; wuxuu shaaca ka qaaday in badan oo ka mid ah qaybaha gudaha ee shuqullo maafiyada oo tilmaamay in ay dad badan oo ku lug leh Mattanza ah. Maaddaama ay lacagta u weyn oo aad warbixin ka heshay, 1986, Falcone ahaa awoodaan in ay kiiska keeno dhegeysiga ka hor ee Maxkamadda Sare. Ka hor inta bilowga dacwadaha, booliska dabagal ku hoos dhowr maafiyada inay geeyaan caddaaladda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Toto Riina iyo Bernardo Provenzano ku xigeenkiisa hadhay ee waaweyn. Buscetta noqday markhaatiga ugu weyn oo wax badan oo sokeeye jir ah oo cadaawayaashiinna xiray. maxkamadda ka dib, Falcone garanayeen inuu khatar, oo qaatay sano ee la soo dhaafay uu ku hareereysan ilaaladiisa.

Dilka of Falcone

In 1992, Salvatore Riina heli karo si Falcone. Amarka ay burburinta ahaa Giovanni Brusca, tirsan guri ammaan maafiyada jir ah oo daacad u ah oo uu tababaraha. May 23, 1992 Bar iyo raggiisii beeray bam ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah jidka garoonka Palermo. Falcone iyo xaaskiisa fuulay gaashaaman "Fiat", oo ay la socdaan dhowr askari oo bilays ah. Brusca iyo raggiisii ku sugayay iyagii ka fog qaarkood ka wadada. Waxay sugayay joogo waqtiga saxda ah, iyo marka mishiinka ku dhow yahay inuu qarax Falcone keenay qalab qarxa in tallaabo. Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey dhowr gawaari, oo ay ku jiraan baabuur Falcone, iyo sidoo kale qayb weyn oo ka mid ah wadada. Falcone, xaaskiisa iyo saddex askari oo bilays ah ayaa la goobtii ayuu dhintay. Ka dib markii Riina in loogu talagalay burburinta Paolo Borsellino. Just bil Borsellino lagu dilay bannaanka gurigiisa ku yaal qarax gaari. dhimashada labadan u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha ka careysan dadka, daal dulqaadan dulmi iyo kulma cabsi joogta ah burcadda ka Corleone socotaa.

The xiray iyo maxkamad

Cadaadis ka mid ah dadka millatariga lahaa in ay sameeyaan dadaal kasta si ay u qabsadaan Toto Riina. January 15, 1993 ayuu la xiray wadada, ka baxay gaarigiisa. Halka ay Toto ayaa sheegay in darawalka shakhsi, Baldassare Di Maggio. Waxaa la sheegay in inta lagu guda jiro qabashada Riina ku qeyliyay in cinwaanka carabineers: Communista! In maxkamad Toto sheegay in uu ahaa xisaabiyaha aan waxba galabsan iyo leedahay fikrad ah kama saabsan waxa ugu doonayay dembiyada ee Italy saddexdii sano ee lasoo dhaafay. Soon warkii qabashada Riina muuqday wargeysyada. lama filaan ah waxa uu ahaa in madaxa Mafia sannadaha oo dhan ku noolaa Palermo, waxa maqan iyo waxa aan aqoonsaday. In 1974, xitaa uu ku qaatay inuu Malabka in Venice, iyo this ninna waxba kama oga. Inta badan, dadka kaliya lahaa fikrad ah kama waxay u muuqataa ka dib markii sano oo baxsad ah.

Riina mar hore ayaa la xukumay iyaga oo maqan in labo erey nolosha oo lagu eedeeyay in ka badan 100 dembiyada, oo ay ku jiraan dil ah Giovanni Falcone iyo Paolo Borsellino. Sannadkii 1998, ayuu waxaa lagu xukumay mid ka mid dheer nolosha dheeraad ah oo dilka Salvo Lima, siyaasi musuqmaasuq, si dhow la xiriira ee "Corleonesi". Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ee ku guuldareystay "Don Corleone" Toto Riina waa in xabsi ammaanka badnaan jasiiradda of Sardinia. Sannadkii 2003, waxaa la sheegay in bishii May iyo December, ayuu soo gaaray laba wadne.

Dhaxalgalka of Salvatore Riina

Ka dib bixitaankii Toto kelyaha la wareegeen Bernardo Provenzano. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, Mafia waxa uu noqday more deji, iyo rabshado ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Provenzano ahaa dilaaga ah, oo uu doonayay by booliska. Waxa suurtagashay in ay qabtaan ee 2006 oo keliya.

Giovanni iyo Dzhuzeppe Riina, wiilashii Toto Riina, kuwaas oo Biography si dhib uma shaqayn karo sidii tusaale lagu daydo, weli raacay raadkii aabbihiis iyo la xukumay dembiyo kala duwan. qoyska Riina leedahay wax badan oo ka mid ah hantida Sicily oo dhan, laakiin ka dib markii la xiray oo ahaa madaxa Dawladda qoyska lala wareegi badan. Villa ayaa, taas oo ahayd uu magan galay ee la soo dhaafay, ayaa u tegey Association of Peppino Impastato (Peppino Impastato diriray nolosha oo dhan ka dhanka ah Mafia oo lagu dilay 1978). Villa kale sanadkii 1997 waxaa la siiyey in domain dadweynaha iyo ka noqday machadka.

Toto Riina wali loo arko mid ka mid ah madaxda Maafiyada ugu sharta iyo dulmiga.