Lev Kuleshov: Biography iyo sawirka

Maqaalkani waxa uu qeexayaa Biography iyo shaqada Lev Kuleshov. Intii uu nolosha, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay hesho sameeyay a, macallinka, dhakhtarka ee History Art iyo Faneed Dadka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu door muhiim ah in daraasad ku koobnaanta ee filim iyo tafatirka farshaxanka.

xogta aasaasiga ah

Lev Kuleshov ku noolaa nolol dhalaalaya iyo midabo, waxaa dhacay dhacdooyin aad. Waxa uu si joogta ah sii daayay buugaagta taariikh ahaaneed, ee iyaga ka mid wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan helay "Cinema Art" iyo "Sidee baan noqday agaasime," iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah articles weriyey "Bulletin ee shineemada", ujeedada ugu weyn ee kaas oo ahaa si uu u gudbiyo in akhristayaasha ka mid ah waayo-aragnimo farshaxanka.

In shuqulladiisa, Kuleshov ahaa ee ra'yi ah in ay actor iyo muuqaal waa u siman yihiin, iyo xaaladaha intooda badan, tan dambe ayaa door muhiim ah ka sii ciyaaro. Sidaas awgeed, tirada weyn ee habka abuurista filim ma aha xitaa agaasime oo artist. Taasi waa sababta, haddii agaasimaha ma laha xirfad farshaxan ku filan, aad marna karin inuu abuuro shaqooyin fiican u noqon doonaa.

Tusaale ahaan, Leo culayskan kiiska marka timaha ka hairpin caddaan on Gabadhii ku dhacay aragti ah ee jilayaasha ciyaaro oo dhan ciyaarto hareereysan muuqaal of maro jilicsan madow. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in filimku waa horrayn muuqaal ah, farshaxanka, sidaas awgeed waa-agaasimaha artist waa in ka ciyaaraan door weyn ka samaynta filimka ku.

Waxbarashada

Like aabbihiis, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1911, Leo ugu dhakhsaha badan dareemay damacsanaayeen ah oo qurux badan, waxayna Noqdeen xiiso fanka ganaax, laakiin in ay ku talaabsato ay daraasad ku dhow of Lev Kuleshov karaa oo keliya ka dib markii uu lahaa 1914 la socday hooyadiis iyo walaalkiis u dhaqaaqay in ay ku noolaadaan Moscow. Waxaa, ka dib markii ay booqatay soo noqnoqda in studio farshaxanka, ayuu wuxuu goostay inuu bartaan inay rinji iyo sidoo kale fanaaniinta weyn, iyo waxa uu bilaabo inuu qaato casharo ka artist-baraha I. F. Smirnova. Intii lagu guda jiray tababarka, wuxuu ahaa awood u ma aha oo kaliya in ay abuurto jacayl ah Leo rinjiyeynta classical, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u bartaan in la kala saaro shaqada fiican ee hiwaayadda ah. Waxa ay ahayd soo jeediyo macalinka Kuleshov oo akhri buug uu qoray ugu horeysay ee orientation siyaasadeed, sida "Capital" Karla Marksa iyo Lenin iyo qoraallada Plekhanov ee.

Ka dib markii la dhameeyo tababarka shaqsi, wuxuu galay Dugsiga caanka Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta, halkaas oo hore aabbihiis ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale gabayaa caan Vladimir Mayakovsky, kuwaas oo u dhammeeyey wax yar ka hor u tababaran. Waxaa xusid mudan in isaga la at Kuleshov dambe la aasaasay saaxiibtinimada xoog leh.

qoyska

No mid ka mid ah qoyska lahayn fikrad sida nin cajiib noqon doonaa Lev Kuleshov, kuwaas oo nolosha shakhsiyeed waxaa ka buuxsamay tiro ka mid ah dhacdooyinka. Waxa uu ku dhashay 1-dii January (style jir) 1899 ee Tambov. Aabbihiis, Vladimir Sergeyevich, ka sharaf qoyska sabool yimid. Ugu hal mar, hogaansami waayaan waalidkood, Vladimir yimaado inaad wax ka barato farshaxanka ee dugsiga ka mid ah Moscow, taas oo ay sii wadi doonaan in ay bartaan iyo wiilkiisa Leo.

Ka dib markii qalin, uu, nasiib daro, ma uu karin inuu bilowdo mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ah oo duurka ku ah rinjiyeynta, oo wuxuu tegey in ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan meel dhexaad u ah Tambov ku remingtonista golaha dumo. Dhab ahaantii, wuxuu isku daro labada jagooyinka mar, oo ahaa labada karaaniga a oo teeb-garaacto. Isla mar ahaantaana waxay doonayaan waa for abuurka waxay isagii hor geeyeen bilowdo qabashadeeda in aad waqti sawir-gacmeed firaaqada. Hooyo Libaaxa Pelagia Alexandrovna xirtay magaca gabadhii Shubin. Her carruurnimada ayay ku bixisay in agoonta, ka dib markii la sii daayo taasoo ilaa guurka shaqeeyay tuulada sida macallin. Waxaa xusid mudan in sawirka lagu sameeyo waqtiga aabbihiis, ayaa weli ku deldesheen oo guriga Lev Kuleshov. Waxaa xusid mudan in Kuleshov ahaa walaalkiis Boris wayn, kuwaas oo ku dhintay intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

rabitaankiisa tiyaatarka

Sida ugu dadka hal abuur leh, Laawiyiintii Kuleshov ma baxsadaan hamiday ee tiyaatarka.

Xitaa sida arday oo ka mid ah artist-macallin I. F. Smirnova, waxa uu ahaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan abuurka muuqaal mid ka mid ah falalka play ah "Eugene Onegin" for tiyaatarka Zimin ay awood, laakiin shaqada madax banaan ee tiyaatarka Kuleshov ah, lama yaqaan waqtiga ee wareegyada farshaxanka, sidaas darteed qofna ma casuumay. Taasi waa sababta, inkasta oo dadaalka oo dhan, riyo ah ee hawlaha masrixiyada iyo ku guuldareysatay inay di'i.

xirfadiisa Hore

Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich ugu horeysay kala kulantay kinodeyatelnostyu ee 1916, markii uu u suurtagashay in ay shaqo u hesho sida rinjiile madaxtooyada ee studio film A. ku Khanzhonkov. Ma aha doorka ugu dambeeyey ee lagu ciyaaray by hooyadiis bacdi of mid ka mid ah iskuulka, kuwaas oo soo bandhigay filim a Leo A. Gromov, oo hore u caawisay si aad u hesho studio filim. Tani waa meesha talantigii ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa awoodaan in ay la geeyo ciidamo ka buuxaan. Under hoggaanka Agaasimaha Evgeniya Bauera, kii uu kula kulmay goobta shaqada, Leo si deg deg ah fahamsan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee xirfad cusub. In mid ka mid ah buugaagta taariikh ahaaneed Kuleshov carrabaabay, in la Bauer shaqo ahaa si weyn u kala duwan ka leh agaasimayaasha kale ka shaqeeya, sida hal-abuurka ku xadidneyn ee Leo, jidaynayey dhalinyarada si buuxda u muujin tayadooda.

In mustaqbalka, qaab agaasimayaasha kale hab Kuleshov ee ka shaqeeya waxa uu noqday qof ka badan oo rag ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu wakhtigaas ahaa 18 sano oo keliya, uu hore u si tartiib ah u bilaabay in ay qaadaa tallaabooyinka ugu horeeya si ay u horumariyaan style adiga kuu gaar ah marka aad muuqaal filim.

The guulaha ugu horeysay

In kasta oo ay joogaan of aragtiyaha iyaga u gaar ah oo duurka ku ah rasaas filim, Lev Kuleshov, kuwaas oo filimada uu sii ahaan doonaa mid aad loo jecel yahay, waxa ugu horayn ka hadhay dhakhtar. Sidaas daraaddeed, bilowga ah ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed, wuxuu soo wada geliya sawir mooshin by V. Polonsky faray, loo yaqaan "Love Song Nedopetaya". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nasiib daro, filimka filimka ayaa ka badbaaday in maalinta la joogo.

In 1918, uu saarata movie gaar ah loo yaqaan "Project Engineer Prayta". Nasiib darro, shaqo this hadhay marinnada, laakiin credits magacaabi Kuleshov waa labo jeer ku xusan, oo labada agaasimaha a iyo sida artist ah. Waxa uu isku dayo in uu soo bandhigo dadka caadiga ah xoog leh oo caafimaad ku nool dunida dhabta ah, sidaa darteed inta badan tallaabada in filimka laga duubay ee warshadaha, saldhigyada tareenka iyo goobaha waxbarashada. Wax yar ka dib markii filimka ka soo baxay, shaqo at Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros madaxa qaybta tafatirka film oo hada ah agaasimaha newsreels uu helo.

The filimada ugu caansan

The dhacdooyin fool on hore ee siyaasadeed ee 1918-1920, helay milicsiga dhab ah ee farshaxanka, kuwaas oo laga duubay Lev Kuleshov. Uu filmography ballaaran. The cajalado newsreel ugu caansan:

• "Furitaanka oo ka mid ah Mala'igtu of Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Dib Guddiga Dhexe Fulinta ee Gobolka Tver ah."
• "Ural".
• "The maalinba waxay qabanayeen shuqulkoodii First All-Ruush."

In u dhexeeya movie filim "On Front Cas" iyo "Adventures The AAN CAADI AHAYN Mr. West ee Land of Bolsheviks ah," Kuleshov, kuwaas oo si guul ah ku degtay agaasimaha a, maamula si ay u abuuraan ay kinomasterskuyu u gaar ah, u qor tiro ka mid ah articles iyo shaqada sida macallin dugsi gobolka film.

sharaf

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Lev Kuleshov duubay badan oo filimo isaga u gaar ah, oo uu dhab hal abuur leh ka qaadataan-off ka dhacay oo keliya marka la gaaro dhamaadka mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed madaxda:

• 1933 - "Consoler Great The."
• 1942 - "Dhaarta ee Timur" abuurey for A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "Waxaan ka Urals ah."

In 1941, shaqada ugu weyn ee Kuleshov loo yaqaan "Basics of Film toosiyaan" waxaa la daabacay, kaas oo lagu turjumey luqado badan oo shisheeye iyo saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta geedi socodka filimada.

Ka dib markii in, Leo go'aansado inuu isaga qudhiisu sooco, cilmiga at VGIK, si ay u awoodaan in ay baro farshaxanka agaasimayaasha dhallinyarada samaynta filimada.

Kuleshov saamayn

Haddii qof ku yeelan karto saameyn toos ah ku farsamada toogasho filimka, sidaas darteed waa Lev Kuleshov, rakibidda, taas oo markii ugu horeysay loo ogol yahay in ay ku xidhmaan jajabkii si gooni gooni ah la qabtay midba midka kale ka lala Oo mid nin wejigiis u eedeeyay in ay la kulmaan iyo fahmid tiro ka mid ah dareenka oo kala duwan. Ra'yiga tani waxaa la yiraahdaa "Kuleshov Saamaynta" ee dunida filimada.

saamayn milicsiga Later koobnaa ee xaqiiqda ah in tiro ka mid ah dhawaaqa superimposed on isha, oo wuxuu, markeeda, waa polyphonic ah oo ku xiran midabka siyaabo kala duwan muujiyey sida ay content.

gunaanad

Intii uu nolosha, Kuleshov ayaa heshay tiro ka mid ah abaalmarinta distinguished, darajo iyo heerka cilmiga ah:

• Doctor of Arts.
• Artist Dadka ee RSFSR ah.
• Order of Lenin.
• Order of Banner Cas Shaqada.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Lev Kuleshov door bidaan in ay qaataan naagtiisa Aleksandroy Hohlovoy leh. Waxa uu ku dhintay on March 29, 1970 oo waxaa lagu aasay qubuuraha Novodevichy (1 goobta, safka 14-keedii).