Formation, Kulliyadaha iyo jaamacadaha
Saamaynta dhaqaale iyo hufnaan dhaqaale, formula xisaabinta
Abuuritaanka formula ah xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada si weyn u dhigi kara nolosha fududeeyo ganacsiga. Si loo kordhiyo mugga faa'iido ah shirkad kasta oo isku dayo in la hagaajiyo tayada wax soo saarka iyo in la kordhiyo dakhliga ama in lacag maal-habka wax soo saarka si loo yareeyo kharashka.
noocyada oolnimada
Karti u qaybsan yahay laba nooc. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - dhaqaale. Shirka labaad ee - ku dhaqan-dhaqaale.
Marka shuruuda kharashka-oolnimada waa awooda shirkadda si loo kordhiyo xaddiga faa'iido helay waxa by. Faraj ee hufnaanta bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha - heerka ku qanacsanaanta of danaha iyo baahida dadka.
xisaabinta oolnimada Classic
formula guud ee xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada waa sida soo socota:
EkEf = F / W, halkaas oo
EkEf - hufnaan dhaqaale,
P - natiijada laga helay maal;
W - kharashka si loo gaaro natiijada.
codsan karaan formula this si ay u xisaabiso kharashka-oolnimada of tallaabooyin, muddada kaas oo loogu talagalay muddo gaaban. Xaaladdan oo kale, index this ma awoodo si ay u muujiyaan fiican ee maalgashiga, tan iyo mustaqbalka fog waxaa jira doorsoomayaasha oo dheeraad ah oo aan ka mid formula ee kor ku xusan.
oolnimada buuxda
Waxa kale oo jira caanaha ah in bandhigayaa oolnimada buuxda. Waa sida soo socota:
EE = maanku (Efesos 1 - Efesos 0) / (n K D + K *), halkaas oo
ITS maanku - hufnaan dhaqaale,
Efesos 1 - natiijada guud ka dib markii ay dhacdo,
Efesos 0 - natiijada ka hor dhacdada,
Iyo - kharashka guud ahaan;
K - maalgelinta dhacdooyinka;
K n - factor sharciyeed.
factor sharciyeed
index Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa waxa uu noqon karaa awood ka ugu yar ee la aqbali karo in this ama gudbikaraa in. Halbeegga waa isku mid u ah dhammaan hawlaha warshadaha gaar ah, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan yihiin taas oo ku xidhan aagga.
Wehliyaha waa in kala duwan ee min 10 ilaa 33 boqolkiiba. In aagga ganacsiga, tiradaasi waa 25% in waaxda warshadaha - 16%.
Saamayntii isticmaalka arrimo wax soo saarka
ganacsi walba wuxuu leeyahay shaqaale, go'an iyo wareegaya hab-soo-saarka. iyaga oo aan, habka wax soo saarka waa macquul ahayn. Sidoo kale, shirkadaha isku dayayaan in ay horumariyaan qaab maalgelinta si loo wanaajiyo kartida.
Si loo xisaabiyo oolnimada of isticmaalka kasta oo arrimahaasi waxay, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab ay. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku salaysan tahay mabaadiida isku mid ah.
si habboon u isticmaalidda shaqaalaha
Si loo cabbiro ilaa xadka ay shirkadda wax ku ool ah u adeegsanayaa shaqaalaha ay laba koobin. marka hore waa in la horumariyo. The qiyaas labaad - waa kakanaanta. Generation waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sida saamiga tirada alaabta warshadaysan in kharashka shaqaalaha:
B = G / H, halkaas oo
In - horumarinta;
About - mugga ee alaabta soo saaray ee warshadda,
W - kharashka by ganacsi ee ciidanka shaqada.
Index of aqbasho shaqada waa-bedelka ee tilmaanta hore, oo wuxuu muujinayaa inta lacag ee waa in la qaatay shaqaalaha warshadda, waxaa loo sameeyey in ay hal unug of wax soo saarka.
T = W / A = B -1 = 1 / B, halkaas oo
T - adayga;
In - horumarinta;
About - mugga ee alaabta soo saaray ee warshadda,
W - kharashka by ganacsi ee ciidanka shaqada.
formula ee xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada ee shaqaalaha shirkadda ee lagu soo bandhigi karaa sida soo socota:
ITS TR = ((D 1 * D - W 1) - (oo ku saabsan 0 * C - D 0)) / Oo halkaas
ITS Xildhibaan - hufnaan dhaqaale ee ciidamada ku hawshoodeen,
About 1 - mugga ee wax soo saarka ka dib markii maalgashi ee shaqaalaha;
C - qiimaha badeecada;
Z 1 - kharashka wax soo saarka ka dib markii ay dhacdo,
About 0 - mugga iibka in maalgashiga khayraadka aadanaha;
D 0 - kharashka wax soo saarka ka hor dhacdada.
hantida ma guurtada ah (RP)
Waxaa jira laba-beegyada uu ugu weyn ee xisaabinta ku oolnimada of isticmaalka RP: saarka caasimadda iyo xoojinta caasimadda. wax soo saarka Capital waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sida saamiga qiimaha dhammaan alaabta, taas oo waxaa soo saaray shirkada muddo hal sano ah, si ay u celceliska kharashka lacag.
F o = xigeenka / sannad C halkaas oo
Xigeenka - dhammaan waxyaabaha shirkada marka la eego lacagta (oo ay ku jirto qiimaha alaabta la dhammeeyayna oo ay ku shaqeeyaan horumarka);
F ah - soo laabtay on hantida;
Iyadoo sanadkan - qiimaha PF halkii 1 sano celcelis ahaan.
ratio caasimada Tusiyaha waa celinta bedelka hantida ma guurtada ah. Go'aaminta qiimaha Wehliyaha waa suurto gal by yahay dhowr qaaciidooyinka.
F f = (F o) -1 = 1 / F o, halkaas oo
F e - xoojinta caasimada;
F on - saarka caasimadda.
Haddii ay dhacdo in qayb ka ugu weyn ee hab soo laabtay (OS) waa inaan laga helin, xoojinta hantida waxaa lagu garan karaa sida soo socota:
F = f (P sanad / aqal), halkaas oo
F e - xoojinta caasimada;
VI - qiimaha wax soo saarka guud marka la eego lacagta;
Iyadoo sanadkan - qiimaha celceliska sannadlaha ah hantida ma guurtada ah.
shirkadaha oo dhan ayaa isku dayaya si loo yareeyo saamiga caasimadda iyo in ay kor u soo celinta hantida. Tusaale formula xisaabinta hufnaan dhaqaale ee maalgashiga warshad iyo qalabka waa sida soo socota:
Of ITS = ((D 1 * D 1 - W 1) - (oo ku saabsan 0 * C 0 - D 0)) / Oo halkaas
ITS off - hufnaan dhaqaale ee hantida ma guurtada ah;
About 1 - mugga ee wax soo saarka ka dib markii maalgashi ee RP;
C 1 - qiimaha badeecada ka dib markii maalgelinta;
C 2 - qiimaha badeecada si ay maalgashi ee hantida ma guurtada ah;
Z 1 - kharashka wax soo saarka ka dib markii ay dhacdo,
About 0 - mugga iibka si ay maalgashi ee hantida ma guurtada ah;
D 0 - kharashka wax soo saarka ka hor dhacdada.
Wareegayay ah (on pp.)
Saddex tilmaamayaasha waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo ogaado waxtarka isticmaalka caasimada ka shaqeeya:
- Heerka dakhli;
- muddada isbeddelkaas;
- On factor ciriiriga ah. S.
On ratio soo xeroota. C. sidaas waa wax soo saarka in caasimada for OS ah. Waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa by formula ah:
K v = RP / C obs halkaas oo
By ku saabsan - heerka dakhli;
RP - fuliyey alaabta marka la eego lacagta;
Iyada oo obs - cadadka celceliska hadhay on. S.
Wehliyaha ee isticmaalka waa-bedelka ee ratio isbeddelkaas ayaa ah:
K s = (K v) -1 = 1 / v = C obs / PM, halkaas oo
K h - factor load;
By ku saabsan - heerka dakhli;
RP - fuliyey alaabta marka la eego lacagta;
Iyada oo obs - cadadka celceliska hadhay on. S.
muddo Yeelanaya - taasi waa tirada maalmaha aad rabto in aad magaalada ka shaqeeya ka dhigay mid dhameystiran kacaanka, xisaabiyaa sida soo socota:
T v = L / v = K * D C obs / PM, halkaas oo
T on - waqtiga gaadiidka;
D - Tirada maalmaha muddada la falanqeeyay,
By ku saabsan - heerka dakhli;
RP - fuliyey alaabta marka la eego lacagta;
Iyada oo obs - cadadka celceliska hadhay on. S.
formula The xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada of tallaabooyin la soo jeediyey si loo hagaajiyo isticmaalka raasumaalka aan ku salaysan wax badan oo ku saabsan dakhliga dheeraadka ah, laakiin halkii ay ku hoos qiimaha.
ITS obs = E y / E, halkaas oo
obs ITS - hufnaan dhaqaale ee magaalada ka shaqeeya;
Ey - kaydka guud ee magaalada ka shaqeeya;
Iyo - size ee ku lifaaqan.
saamaynta dhaqaale
formula ee xisaabinta gargaarka kharashka-oolnimada iyo dhaqaale waxaa si ballaaran ka mid ah shirkadaha ka dhiga galiyey lacag caddaan ah oo muddo gaaban si loo hagaajiyo dhinacyada qaar ka mid ah hawlaha ay loo isticmaalo. formula ee ay xisaabinta waa sida soo socota:
Efesos = D - K * H, halkaas oo
Efesos - saamaynta dhaqaale,
D - dakhliga ama kaydka ka dhacdo;
Iyo - kharashka tallaabooyinka;
K n - factor sharciyeed.
waxtarka advertising
Advertising - waa set oo ah qalabka marketing, ujeedada codsiga ah taas oo ah in ay faafiyaan warar ku saabsan alaabta, adeegyada, dadka, shirkadaha, iyo sidoo kale in ay soo jiitaan macaamiisha. formula ee xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada of advertising muujinaysaa natiijada ka helay ka dib markii siday olole advertising ah. formula ee go'aaminta Wehliyaha ah sida soo socota:
EE = p (VD 1 - WA 0) / aan, halkaas oo
Its p - hufnaan dhaqaale ee advertising,
HP 1 - dakhliga guud ka dib advertising,
HP 0 - Dakhliga guud ka hor advertising,
Iyo - kharashka advertising.
Marka la xisaabinayo isticmaalka wax ku ool ah warbaahinta advertising waa mid aad u adag tahay in la ogaado sida kordhay dakhliga guud ee shirkada sababtoo ah advertising ah. Ma jirto ballan qaad in dakhliga ee shirkadda kordhin doono haddii shirkadda ma naftooda ama alaabta ay ku baahiyaan. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, hufnaan dhaqaale ee advertising ayaa weli la tixgeliyo.
hufnaan dhaqaale ee shirkadda
Tilmaame ugu weyn ee shirkadda - waa u roon saafiga ah ee dakhli ah oo ka hadhay ka dib markii kharashka oo dhan waa la jarayaa oo aad bixisay canshuurta oo dhan. Ma jiro hal dhibic ee kordhinta dakhliga, kharashka kordhin doonaa haddii xawaaraha la mid ah ama ka sii weyn.
Sayidka, xisaabinta classical of hufnaan dhaqaale laga yaabaa in aanay mar walba muujiyaan sabab u ah tallaabooyinka la soo jeediyay saamayn doonto natiijada kama dambaysta ah. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqda ah in waxa loo xisaabiyaa sida saamiga natiijada kharashka kaliya ee uu guusha. Mararka ay natiijada u dhaqmo dakhliga guud, tilmaame of hufnaan dhaqaale ma aha mid sax ah, sababtoo ah waxaa aanu qaadan Karin in lagu xisaabiyo korodhka suurto gal ah in mugga of kharashka wax soo saarka.
formula ee xisaabinta hufnaan dhaqaale ee shirkada lagu sheegi karaa sida soo socota:
N = ITS (PE 1 - PE 0) / aan, halkaas oo
ITS n - hufnaan dhaqaale ee shirkada,
PE 1 - faa'iido net ka dib markii maalgelinta;
H. 0 - dakhliga saafiga hor maalgashiga.
mashruuc maalgashi muddada dheer
Dhammaan ka mid ah hababka kor ku xusan ee la xisaabinayo oolnimada kaliya loo isticmaali karaa tallaabooyin muddo gaaban (ilaa hal sano). In baxsad dheer, caanaha ee xisaabinta ma xisaabiyo arrimo dhimis in loo sameeyo waxaa suurto gal ah in loo xisaabiyo fiican lahaanshaha, iyada oo dakhliga account kale ah.
Sida oo kale, formula ee xisaabinta kharashka-oolnimada ee mashruuca, kaas oo loogu talagalay waqti dheer, ma jiraan. dantiisa ee maalgelinta waxaa loo xisaabiyaa iyadoo ku saleysan qiimaha saafiga ah iyo muddada ay bulshsada, taas oo muujinaysa inta waqti loo baahan yahay in si mashruuca maalgelinta loo abaalgudi doonaa si buuxda oo bilaabay in ay faa'ido.
The qiimaha joogo net waxaa loo xisaabiyaa wadarta lacagta iyo dakhliga ka soo maalgelinta, iyada oo la tixgelinayo arrimaha dhimis muddo kasta. TTS Formula matali karaa sida soo socota:
TTS = (CF / (1 + p) 1) + (CF / (1 + p) 2) + (CF / (1 + p) 3) + ... + (CF / (1 + p) n), kuna waari dhexdeeda
NPV - Qiimaha net;
socodka bixinta (farqiga u dhexeeya dakhliga iyo kharashka) - CF,
p - xisaabinta boqolkiiba;
n - mashruuc maal-dheer.
Halbeegga Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida wax ku ool ah lacagta maalgelinta. Haddii size ee NPV ka weyn ama loo siman yahay si eber, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay idiin roon tahay in ay leeyihiin mashruuc maalgelin ah. In kiiska halkaas oo show ah qiimaha ee saafiga ah waa negative, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u fuliyaan xisaabinta oo xiiso gudaha si aad u aragto inta lacag ee waa la bixiyay.
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