Qoraaga Ruush Fyodor Abramov: Biography, hal-abuurka iyo qoraaga buugga. Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich: aphorisms

Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1920-1983) - qoraa Ruush. Waxa uu ku dhashay gobolka Arkhangelsk ah, tuulada Verkola. Fyodor ahaa qoyska asaliga ah, oo leh carruur badan.

Childhood Fedora Abramova

Fedor Aleksandrovich Abramov, kuwaas oo Biography uu xiiseynayo inuu maanta, akhristayaasha badan oo aabbihiis badiyay hore. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa lix sano ka caawiyay heshiis hooyooyinka shaqada soo ridayeen ah. Fedor Abramov ka ardayga koowaad ee dugsiga hoose tuulada qalin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo this, marka galaya celceliska waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin. Xaqiiqada ah in Abramov qoysaska yaroow dhexe yimid. Sidaas fasalka xiga, wuxuu isla markiiba loo gudbiyay. Abramov bilaabay inuu isaga qudhiisu isku dayaan in suugaanta sida ugu 9-10 fasalada. Gabay koowaad ee Fedor Aleksandrovich waxaa la daabacay 1937 ku taalla jariirada deegaanka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu si degdeg ah uma aan iman inaan fikradda si ay u noqdaan hawlaha suugaanta xirfadeed. In 1938 wuxuu ka dugsiga sare ka qalin Karpogory oo dhigta Jaamacadda Leningrad ee Kuliyada Philology.

Sidee qaatay sano ee dagaalka Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich (biography)

List of buugaagta u hibeeyeen ilaa ay nolosha Fyodor Alexandrovich cajiib ah maanta. Iyaga From waxaan ka baranaynaa in dhowr sano ka dib markii gelitaanka jaamacadda uu lahaa inuu ka tago, sida dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Fyodor Abramov ee 1941 diiwaangeliso maleeshiyada tabaruce ahaan. Waxa uu labo jeer ku dhaawacmeen. mar labaad, Fedoru Abramovu dirqi kaga baxsaday dhimasho. sanad ka dib, mar waynaha ka dib markii dhaawac labaad, waxa uu booqday tuulada hooyo uu. Ogsoonow in aragti ah ee safarka uu noqon doono aasaas u ah shuqulladiisa mustaqbalka. Abramov sida "nestroevik" qornaa in gadaal qayb. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey sida macallin siyaasadeed ku xigeenka shirkadda, loo tababaray in qaybaha darandoorriga military. Ka dib markii qalin jebinta uu qoondeeyey counterintelligence ah "Smersh" (waxay u taagan tahay "Geerida Spies").

Sii waxbarashada, hawlaha wax ku barayay oo buug ku saabsan Sholokhov

Abramov ka dib markii dib u jaamacadda, ka dibna, in 1948, dhigta dugsiga qalin. Muddo ka dib, oo uu Biography ay astaan u difaaca guul sha a. Fedor Abramov difaacay sida uu u shaqo abuurka Sholokhov ee. Ka dibna, saamaynta on Abramov qoraaga this dabbaal-degi doonaa dhaleecayn badan. Qodobka Fyodor ku saabsan cosmopolitanism suugaanta ee USSR waxaa lagu faafiyey waqti isku mid ah. Waxa uu ku qoray oo kaashanaysa N. Lebedinsky. article ayaa la faray ka mid ah mid culimada Yuhuudda suugaanta. Abramov dambe noqday madaxa Waaxda suugaanta Soviet. Eebe wuxuu baray Nabi at the University of Leningrad. In 1958, Fedor Aleksandrovich la sii daayay iyada oo lala kaashanayo V. V. Guroy buug on abuurka Sholokhov ee. Waxaa loo yaqaan "A. Sholohov. Seminar M.".

Features abuurka Fedor Aleksandrovich

Hal-abuurka Fedor Aleksandrovich ay xidhiidh dhow la Verkola ku laayeen Pinezhsky. In tuulada Pekashino, "noocooda" taasoo - tuulada hooyo uu, tallaabo u muuqanayo inuu shuqullo badan. Abramov maamula si ay u abuuraan nooc ka mid ah qoraal taxane-taariikheed iyo farshaxanka. Waxa uu tusay sida ay nolosha tuulo saameeyeen qaddar ee dadka Ruush.

Maxaa Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich la hadlay theme oo ka mid ah tuulada, waxaanu soo jeedinaynaa cusub waqti ay post-dagaal suugaanta eegaa taariikhda of Russia, xuduud ah oo ku saabsan la joogo, ciyaaray qiyaano kaalin ee xaqiiqda ah in Abramov ku shubtaa in qaar ka mid ah ugu weyn tirooyinka oo ka mid ah suugaanta oo ka mid ah USSR 1960-70-mada. Fedor Aleksandrovich waayo hab cusub oo si hal-abuurka dareemay soke ee shuqulladooda in shuqullada V. Rasputin, V. Belova, E. Nosov S. Zalygin, V. Afanasyev, B. Mozhayeva.

"Walaalayaal," - novel ah oo taxane ah oo shuqullada

"Walaalayaal," - ugu horeeyay ee Roman Abramova. Waxaa ka go'an in ay nolosha tuulada intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. novel ayaa waxaa la daabacay 1958. Abramov sharaxay sababta ay dhacdo waa wax aan macquul aheyn inay iska ilaawaan feat in sameeyey naagtii Ruush. In 1941, ayay furay hore labaad laga yaabo culus isla, iyo sidoo kale hore ee ridayeen Ruushka. Shaqada Tani dambe siiyo magaca wareegga oo dhan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay ka mid noqon doona 3 sheeko kale, "House," "iyo waddooyinka oo Crossroads" iyo "Laba qaboobuhu iyo saddex xagaaga." First, qoraaga yeedhay wareegga "Pryaslins", taasoo ka horraysa ee sheekada of qoyska ka mid ah tuulada Pryaslins Pekashino. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaca sida cidhiidhi ah fikrad Fedor Alexandrovich, sidaa darteedna waxaa loo bedelay on "Walaalayaal."

Wareegga shuqullada waxaa la abuuray si ay u tartamaan aragtida ah in heysatay 1940-1950 muddo suugaanta. tuulada Ruush waxaa loo arkaa by qorayaasha badan sida ku laayeen daryeelka. Shayga ahaa xaqiijin ah la taaban karo ee Fedorom Aleksandrovichem muujiyeen in 1954 booska maqaal. Markaasuu wuxuu ku dhaleeceeyay shuqullada S. Babayevsky, Nikolaev iyo Laptev Yu aqoonsaday ah dhaleeceyn rasmi ah lagu dayan karo. Fedor Aleksandrovich tusay shuruud weyn suugaanta - waa in aad tusto runta, xataa haddii ay soo dhiciyo.

Qormo "Ilaa iyo About"

Mararka qaarkood fekerayo Abramova tuulada Ruush, ka baxsan nidaamka shaqada ee la aasaasay by faaf, u muuqday halis. Tusaale ahaan, uu essay "Ilaa iyo About", ka abuuray 1963. Waxay ku salaysan tahay sheekada sidii maalintii tegey Guddoomiyaha a beeraha wadareed. shaqada waxaa loo aqoonsaday by faafreeb ku fikirka xun. Sidaas darteed, editor of "Neva" (Macalester kuwaas oo waxaa la daabacay) dhumiyay shaqadiisa.

"Laba qaboobuhu iyo saddex xagaaga"

Abramov ee 1968 la daabacay uu novel soo socda oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Laba qaboobuhu iyo saddex xagaaga." Waxaa ka go'an in ay Pekashino haysata sannadaha guudahaan ah. Fedor Aleksandrovich heer bulsho kala duwan baadhayaa nolosha Tuulada ee shaqada this. Sida beeralay fudud, iyo saaray dadka si ay u maareeyaan dadka xiisaynaya waxa ku jira. Anigu ma aan heli gargaarka, taas oo dadka tuuladu ay rajeyneysay. Ilaa dhawaan, lala by Ujeedada caadi ah, waxay ahaayeen sidii "walaalayaalow". Haddaba Fedor Aleksandrovich Pekashino barbardhigay feedhkii, taas oo far kasta uu doonayo inuu naftiisa. Gaajada, dib-jebinta waajibaadka dawladda, maqnaanshaha hab aasaasay of characters nolosha hogaanka Abramov in fikradda ah in aad u baahan tahay inaad wax ka beddesho. Pryaslin Mikhail (aad ugu dhow in qof qoraaga) dhamaadka shuqullada laftiisa dhigay su'aasha ah ee sida loo noolaado, meel ay aadaan. Rajada iyo shakiyaa Pryaslin, tashanayaa in wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya ee mustaqbalka, soo bixitaankii image ee calaamad xiddig ah, taas oo ka qarxay iyo "burburay".

"Waddooyinka iyo Crossroads"

novel soo socota, taas oo aan ku tilmaami - daabacay 1973, "Waddooyinka iyo Crossroads". Its tallaabo ka dhacaan 1950 hore. Sidoo kale waa dhacdo ka taariikhda Pekashino tuulada. Fedor Aleksandrovich ayaa sheegay in isbedelka cusub xun oo ka dhacay dabiiciga ah ee soo ridayeen a. Siyaasadda ee gobolka, kuwaas oo uma oggolaanin shaqaalaha caadiga ah ay ka faa'iideystaan oo ay hawshiisu ahayd, in qafaalashada ah isaga, ka dib oo dhan, shaqada. Waxa uu sababay in xaqiiqda ah in aasaaska ruuxiga ah ee nolosha ridayeen ayaa hoos u. Mid ka mid ah mawduucyada ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada waa qaddar ee madaxa ee beerta wadareed. Waxa uu isku dayay in la beddelo xadka awoodaha ay si aasaasay. Madaxa beerta wadajir ah ay go'aansadeen in ay beeralayda kibis ku siin, oo ay la kiciyey. Tani sharci-darrada ah fal, dabcan, oo horseeday in la qabtay. Waayo, dadka degan tuulada imtixaanka weyn ee ahayd warqaddii in uu difaaco in uu lahaa inuu la soo wareego. Aad u tiro yar ayaa awooday in ay pekashintsy ah fal moral.

"House"

The final ee taxanaha "Brothers & Sisters" waa sheeko ah "House." Waxaa la daabacay 1978. Shaqadu waxay u hibeeyeen ilaa ay xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee qorayaasha casriga ah - tuulada 1970. Abramova for "House" waa mid ka mid ah fikradaha ugu muhiimsan. Waxay ka kooban yahay dhammaan dhinacyada jiritaanka aadanaha - gaarka ah ee halka qoys ah, nolosha bulshada tuulada, iyo sidoo kale xaaladda ka jirta dalka oo dhan. Fedor Aleksandrovich ahaa inay ogaadaan in xaaladda dadka Ruush waa lagu guulaysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli wuxuu doonayay wakiilada, uu marayo taas oo ay suurto gal ahayd in hayn rajada ah in qof Ruush dhaqanka u dhalatey, iyo duqoobay "guriga" in la dhisi doono taariikhda.

Non-khayaali, tixaha iyo sheekooyin gaaban

Shaqo on shuqullada weyn ee Fedor Aleksandrovich weheliso abuurka tixaha yar iyo sheekooyin gaagaaban. Waxay qoraal ay sabab u tahay yaana soo noqnoqda in shuqullada waqtiyada soo taagay muddo dheer. Tusaale ahaan, "Mamoniha" waxaa la abuuray ee muddo ka 1972 si ay u 1980, "ugu faraxsanahay" - ka 1939 si ay u 1980, iyo "Grass-Ant" la qoray ka 1955 si ay u 1980. Fedor Aleksandrovich isku midka ku hawlan saxaafadda, waxaana uu sameeyaa raadiyaha iyo telefishinka.

Journalism, sheekooyin gaagaaban oo tixaha ma aha liita novel ah. Waxay sidoo kale ma aha oo kaliya u ooyayeen oo u murug, waayo, Russia, laakiin sidoo kale usoo nooleynta raacdada Assesment jidadka dalka runta, shaaca ciidamada caafimaad ee qaranka Ruushka. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa lagu qoray sheekada fiican Abramov: 1963 - "Ilaa iyo About" 1969 - "Pelagia" 1970 - "fardaha Wooden" 1972 - "Alka", 1980 - "Mamoniha" iyo marka nolosha aan la daabacay "safar ku soo laabtay waqti" oo ka tagay story taalo loo yaqaan "Yuu yahay?". In dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah, sida in sheekooyinka Abramova, characters yihiin dad hibo Ruush, shaqaalaha ku dadaalaya oo doonaya caddaaladda iyo runta, silco oo mararka qaar u dhintaan hoos miisaanka qalad u gaar ah iyo xaqiiqada adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax bay arkaan, inta badan ka heli jawaabaha su'aalaha waqtiga, ay awoodaan in ay fahmaan macnaha nolosha iyo ogaatay ay mas'uuliyadda waxa dhaca. All this buugaagta ku qoran si fiican u Abramova Fedora Aleksandrovicha. Marka nolosha Abramova qaar ka mid ah shaqo ma aysan gaarin akhristaha. Waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin "Journey inay la soo dhaafay." Sheekadan waxay, taas oo lagu uuraysan 1960 hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u yimaadeen inay u iftiimin kaliya ee 1989.

"Net Book"

"Net Book" - shaqo ee la soo dhaafay la taaban karo ee Fedor Aleksandrovich. Tani waa natiijada shakhi uu on qaddar ee waddankooda. Shayga of this, nasiib daro, waxaa hadhay diiqid.

1981. Fedor Aleksandrovich guga shaqeeya archive Arkhangelsk. si taxadar leh wuxuu baarayaa qalabka la xiriira meelaha nolosha ee ku dhex sano ka hor kacaanka. At martiqaad ee A. Mikhailov, dhaleeceyn, in xagaaga uu u tageen inay Pechora ah - meelaha wax buu wacdiyey, ku qoray, oo ahaa wadaadkii gubay Xabaquuq. Ka dib markii in, wada jir ah ula Dmitriem Klopovym (photo isaga la hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey), artist is-baray iyo saaxiibkiis, Abramov u safraya meelaha xiriirka la leh magaca Marii Dmitrievny Krivopolenovoy, Sheeko pinezhanskoy weyn. Waxay ahayd in ay noqdaan noocooda ah ee mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu waaweyn ee alaabta cusub - ". Buugga Nadiifi"

Ujeedooyinka qoraaga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan noqon. Fedor Abramov ahaa awoodaan in ay qoraan oo keliya bilowga ah "buug nadiif ah." qaybaha kale ee weli ku jira diiwaanka kala daadsan, Outline, dulmar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa sheeko this sameeyaan qabsada wax badan in markuu gaadhay bogga ugu dambeeya, idin illoobi ah oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in sheyga ma uusan dhammayn. Sidaas saxda ah, diiwaanka si ciriiri in aragti ah ee dhamaystirmo, daacad ah novel ah. Publication kitaabka, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, darbay Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova, naag carmal ah qoraaga.

Cudur iyo geeri of Fedor Aleksandrovich

saaxiibo isku dhow ogtihiin oo ku saabsan cudurka Fedor Aleksandrovich. Waxa uu soo gaaray bishii September 1982 hawlgalka. Dhakhaatiirta ayaa sheegay in bishii April in mid u baahan tahay. Waxay waxaa lagu qabtay May 14, 1983, hawlgalka this, dhakhaatiirta ayaa sheegay, waxay ahayd guul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isla maalintaas Fedor Aleksandrovich dhintay ka soo kabsanaya wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba. Fedor Abramov waxaa lagu aasay Verkola - tuulada hooyo uu.

The xasuusta of Fedore Abramove

xusuustiisu waxaa ka mid ah ma bakhtido dhintay ka dib. Haddaba codkiisa la daabacay buugaag, monographs oo articles ku saabsan. fiidkii Memory joogta ah lagu qabtay Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Mariupol, Verkola, Kirov.

xasuusta oo aan yaraaday, cadaynaysay ku aphorisms si fiican u yaqaan Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich: "Barashada in aan gabayada qoro ma ahan," "All farshaxanka weyn ee keli ah," "Waa in aynaan noqon whistleblowers iyo pravdoustroitelem" iyo kuwa kale oo badanaa. daliishaday.

shuqulkiisa waa la illoobay. qaab badan oo shuqullada Fedora Abramova waxaa loo soo dhiibay. shuqulladiisa ayaa la gaaro on heerarka tiyaataro badan oo dalka ah. Waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu cimriga iyo qaab fiican in la ogaadaa karo ee "House" iyo "Walaalayaal," in MDT (maanta - "Masraxa of Europe"). Agaasimaha-soo saare ah - Lev Dodin.

Fedor Abramov - Qoraaga iyo sarkaal counterintelligence, kuwaas oo ku noolaa waqti adag for our dalka. Waxa uu si dhow ula xidhiidha dadka caadiga ah, welwel ku saabsan qaddar ee dalka. su'aalo muhiim ah ka sara-abuurka ah Fyodor Abramov. qoraaga buug ogaado oo ha jeclaanina maanta.