Caafimaadka, Daawo
Qiimaysay horumarka jireed ee miisaska centile. Loo baahan yahay xog cabbiraadda jirka ee qiimaynta horumarka jireed
Ilmo kasta waa ka duwan yahay - waa qarsoodi lahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira calaamado muujinaya in carruurta ku nool qaar ka mid ah kooxaha da'da waa u dhigma heerka celceliska. xuduudaheedu waxay kaa caawin dhakhtarka aqoonsado dhibaatada ka iman kara horumarinta jidhka iyo maskaxda, iyo sidoo kale in ay qaataan jiritaanka cudur kasta.
Qiimeynta horumarka jirka ee ilmaha - daqiiqad aad u muhiim u ah dhakhaatiirta oo dhan iyo dabcan, waalidiinta. In ay matalaan oo dhan qolfo leh, qiimaynta iyo miisaska nolosha ilmaha iyo meesha ay ka yimaadeen?
Dullaysi
Marka ilmuhu dhasho oo kaliya, waxa uu isla markiiba helo qiimeynta ugu horeysay. Sida laga soo xigtay score Apgar daqiiqadii ugu horeysay iyo shanaad ee Dhakhtarka dhalaanka nolosha ilmahaaga dhigeysa xaddi gaar ah oo dhibcood. From labadan tirooyinka waxay ku xiran tahay in uu sii joogi doonaa waxaana la socday hooyadiis, ama uu u baahan yahay daryeel caafimaad dheeraad ah, su'aasha ah ee tallaalka ugu horeysay.
Kid hal sano
Ka dib markii uu dhallaanku jiro bil, hooyaday waxay leeyihiin si ay u fuliyaan ilmaha in dhakhtarka carruurta ee hababka caadiga ah. Tani waxay dhacdaa si waafaqsan jadwalka marka ilmaha ka dhigan:
- hal bil;
- saddex bilood;
- lix bilood;
- sagaal bilood,
- laba iyo toban bilood.
In qaababkani ay daruuri tahay qiimeynta horumarka jireed ee miisaska centile. Sidoo kale u qoraan da'da, marka ilmuhu bilaabay inuu ilka, markii ugu horeysay u fadhiisteen, ayaa istaagay, wuxuu qaatay tallaabo marka hore, ayaa sheegay in erayga ugu horeysay Ilko suurto gal. loo cabbiro:
- Miisaanka.
- dhererka jirka.
- Volume goobada / neefkiiba.
- size xabadka.
- Heerkulka jidhka.
- size yari-.
Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah xogta iyo cabashooyinka hooyada iman kara ee, ilmahaaga waxaa loo diri kartaa baaritaan dheeraad ah ama qaabilaada ku takhasusay. Xaaladaha kale, a fasalka horumarka jireed ee miisaska centile. horumarinta caadiga ah ee miisaska xogta mar walba arkaa in la garaaco ee haad dhexe, waa in kala duwan ee 25-75 boqolkiiba. Laakiin ilmaha ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa in arrin si caadi ah, haddii xogta ku saabsan tilmaamayaasha oo dhan waxay ku kala duwan isla, sareeya ama ka hooseeya celceliska (kiiskan aynu ka hadalno oo ku saabsan muuqaalada jidhka).
miisaska Centile wiilasha ilaa hal sano
Si loo qiyaaso ilaa ilmaha koritaanka hal sano oo rugta on board gaar ah la xuduudaha. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah u riixriixan oo ka dhan ah madaxa ilmaha si kale - lugaha.
da | koritaanka wiil | ||||||
bareeg Centile% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
Dullaysi | 46, 5 | 48 | 49, 8 | 51, 3 | 52, 5 | 53, 5 | 55 |
1 | 49, 5 | 51, 5 | 52, 7 | 54, 5 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 57, 5 |
3 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 58 1 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 64 |
6 | 61, 5 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 69 | 71, 5 |
9 | 67, 5 | 68, 2 | 70 | 71, 5 | 73, 2 | 75 | 79 |
12 | 71 | 72, 5 | 74 | 75, 5 | 77, 3 | 80 | 82 |
miisaska Centile wiilasha iyo gabdhaha ku jira ayaa sidoo kale faahfaahin of size madaxa ilmaha. jaanqaadayn heerarka dhimaya tani waa fursad in ay ilmaha in neurologist u diri.
da | goobada ee madaxa wiilka | ||||||
bareeg Centile% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
Dullaysi | 33 | 34 | 34-35 | 35 | 35-37 | 37 | 37, 5 |
1 | 34, 5 | 35, 5 | 36, 5 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40, 5 |
3 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40, 5 | 41, 5 | 42, 5 | 43, 5 |
6 | 41, 5 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45, 5 | 46, 5 |
9 | 43, 5 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46, 5 | 47, 5 | 48 |
12 | 44, 5 | 45, 5 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48, 5 | 49, 5 |
Waxyaabaha saamaynaya horumarka la taaban karo
caafimaadka jidhka ee ilmihiisa - waa tilmaanta ugu muhiimsan ee gobolka oo uu caafimaad. Waxay ku xiran tahay dhawr arrimood:
- cimilada,
- hiddo;
- xooggiisa;
- heerka wax fayo-qabka ah ee qoyska;
- u hogaansanaanta ee maalinta,
- waalidiinta ilmaha;
- jawi nafsi ah ee qoyska.
Loo baahan yahay xog cabbiraadda jirka lagu qiimeeyo koritaanka jirka carruurta sanad ka dib
Qiimaysay ee jirka horumarka carruurta sanad ka dib markii ay sabab u tahay arrimaha soo socda:
- Tilmaamayaasha degaaankaaga (miisaan ku kg, height ee cm, goobada xabadka in cm).
- Tilmaamayaasha Somatoscopic (state of integument maqaarka, xub-axaleedka, horumarinta baruurta subcutaneous, horumarinta nidaamka muruqyada, heerka horumarka ee galmada).
- Tilmaamayaasha Fiziometricheskie (xoog muruqa, awoodda sambabada, dhiig-karka, heerka garaaca wadnaha).
- caafimaadka guud (cudurada wareejiyo, joogitaanka cudurada chronic).
Hababka lagu qiimeeyo horumarka la taaban karo si adag standard, sababtoo ah kaliya by qaadashada cabbirka hoos xaaladaha isku mid ah iyo qalab la mid ah, waxaan la hadli kartaa ee ku saabsan is barbar dhigga iyo isku halaynta of natiijooyinka cilmi-baarista.
tilmaamayaasha degaaankaaga,
Qiimaysay horumarka jirka ee ilmaha inta badan qaadataa meel sida soo socota: tilmaamayaasha degaaankaaga ilmaha gaar ah waxaa la loox centile marka la barbar dhigo sida ay da'da iyo jinsiga. Sidee looxyada raadiyo wiilasha, waxaad ka arki kartaa hoos.
da | koritaanka wiil | ||||||
bareeg Centile% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 |
97-100 | |
2 sano | 81 | 83 | 84, 5 | 87 | 89 | 100 | 94 |
3 sano | 88 | 90 | 92, 5 | 96 | 100 | 102 | 104 5 |
5 sano | 99 | 101 5 | 104 5 | 108 5 | 112 | 114 5 | 117 |
7 sano | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 130 5 |
10 sano | 126 5 | 129 5 | 133 | 138 | 142 | 147 | 149 |
heerarka koritaanka gabdhaha waa wax yar oo kala duwan. Ilaa laba sano, waxay sida caadiga ah waa wax yar ka yar wiilasha, laakiin ka dib markii qabsasho iyo xitaa ka hor koritaanka.
da | koritaanka gabdhaha | ||||||
bareeg Centile% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
2 sano | 80 | 82 | 83, 5 | 85 | 87, 5 | 90 | 92, 5 |
3 sano | 89 | 91 | 93 | 95, 5 | 98 | 100 5 | 103 |
5 sano | 100 | 102 5 | 105 | 107 5 |
111 | 113 5 | 117 |
7 sano | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 131 5 |
10 sano | 127 | 130 5 | 134 5 | 19 | 143 | 147 | 151 |
Tilmaamayaasha Baarista somatoscopic
Hababka qiimaynta horumarka jireed waxaa ka mid ah dhowr ah tilmaamayaasha cabbirka aasaasiga ah. Waxay loo baran karaa in miiska soo socda.
calaamad | xuduudaheedu | caadi | tacliiq |
zhirootlozhenija | dhumucda xaydha oo xeryo on caloosha | 1-2 cm | dhinaca xuddunta iyo hoos daab garabka |
The qaab iyo muuqaalada horumarinta xabadka | Cylindrical, guri, toobinta, isku qasan, riketis, foosto | cylindrical | Mararka qaarkood carruurta yaryar la oran karo waa xabadka iska caadi ah nooca isku qasnaa oo |
qalfoofka | Khafiif ah, ugamuu, dhexe | - | - |
dhabarta | Normal kyphotic, lordostichesky | Normal - waa s-qaabeeya in diyaarada sagittal | By lahayo ku ah dhabarta waxaa sidoo kale qalooca |
Qaab Foot | The vaulted, guri, simay | Halka (caadiga ah) | - |
tilmaamayaasha Fiziometricheskie
Qiimeynta horumarka jireed ee ardayda socday, oo ay ku jiraan by qiyaaso ku soo koobin functional ee jidhka:
1. awood Muhiim ah (mugga) sambabada - qiyaas ah oo xoog muruqa neefsashada iyo awoodda sambabka. Cabbiraad waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo hawada spirometer ama biyo. Tilmaamayaasha Age la xiriira in reer kala duwan da'da iyo jinsiga uu noqon doono kala duwan.
da | Paul | |||
gabdhaha | Boys | |||
Volume, ml | xoog | Volume, ml | xoog | |
8 sano | 1474 | 280 | 1670: | 301 |
10 sano | 1903 | 360 | 2000 | 409 |
15 sano | 3022 | 433 | 3670 | 729 |
2. Xoog of muruqa gacanta - heerka horumarka ee muruqyada. cabiraada wuxuu ka kooban yahay qalab loo yaqaan dynamometer gacan.
3. Stanovoi xoog - xoogga muruqyada extensor jidhka ku jira laabatooyinka misigta.
4. CHCHS - garaaca wadnaha.
Age, sano | Tirada garaac daqiiqaddiiba |
1 | 120-125 |
3 | 105-110 |
5 | 93-100 |
7 | 85-90 |
10 | 78-85 |
15 | 70-76 |
5. Cadaadiska dhiigga bilaabaan inay ku qiyaasto ka dib markii toddoba sannadood. Caadi ahaan, da'da la systolic (sare) waa in ay ahaadaan gudahood 100-120 mm Hg. Art iyo diastolic (hoose) -. 60-80 mmHg. Art.
Qiimaysay horumarka jireed ee tilmaamayaasha kuwaas waxaa loo sameeyaa by barbar-qabadka shakhsiga iyo qiimaha celceliska caadiga ah kooxaha da'da iyo jinsiga ee carruurta.
Hababka kale ee lagu qiimeeyo horumarka
Loo baahan yahay xog cabbiraadda jirka ee qiimaynta horumarka la taaban karo iyo isticmaalka in habab kale:
- Habka heerarka cabbiraadda jirka / leexashooyinkaasi sigmalnyh. Marka la isticmaalayo habkan, xisaabi horumarinta saami. Habkani waxaa maanta si dhif ah loo isticmaalo, tan iyo ma waxa aanu ka tarjumaya sawir buuxa ee horumarinta iyo sahamiyaan waxyaabaha gooni.
- dhaca Miisaanka. Shaxan qiimaynta by habkan sameeyey iyada oo la tixgelinayo xiriir, taas oo faa'iido u ah habka. Laakiin ma loo isticmaali karaa caruurta leh horumarinta ku munaasab ahayn of sifooyinka shaqsi.
- Matveevoy N. qiyaasta qaabeedka A. Habkani waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka ay galayaan fasalka ugu horeysay, ee guurka 3, 8 iyo 6 fasalada daqiiqo. Waxaa la tixgelinayo oo kow iyo calaamadaha horumarinta:
- miisaanka jidhka,
- koritaanka;
- goobada (mugga) ee xabadka;
- tirada gowsaha;
- awoodda sambabada;
- inta jeer (number of garaac daqiiqaddiiba) garaaca wadnaha,
- size baruurta xeryo at xuddunta;
- xoogga muruqa gacanta bidix,
- xoogga muruqa gacanta midigta ah;
- ugu yaraan iyo ugu badnaan cadaadiska dhiigga.Habkani waa arrin faahfaahsan, laakiin waxa uu leeyahay khasaare la mid ah sida habka heerarka cabbiraadda jirka. Sidaa darteed, qiimaynta horumarka jireed noqon doonaa badan oo sax ah haddii aad isticmaasho loox laba dhinac-cabbir centile, taas xisaabta ku tiirsanaanta ee dhererka mass jidhka. - Centile miiska laba dhinac-cabbir. Qiimeynta qaadataa meel on baaxadda vosmiballnoy in tixgelinayo ratio ee jinsiga, da'da, dhererka iyo miisaanka.
- shaxda Centile at I. M. Vorontsovu. Waxa uu isticmaalaa qiyaasta ah in ay la tixgelinayo saddex Tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah - dhererka jirka, miisaanka iyo size of xabadka ilmaha. Tests (baaritaanka) by habkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa at kormeerka joogtada ah si ay u aqoonsadaan koox ka mid ah carruurta la aan caadi ahayn koritaanka aad u daran.
- Habka Complex.
Habka Comprehensive qiimaynta horumarka jireed
All hababka kor kala hadlay tixgeliyaan oo kaliya xogta morphological qiimaysay, laakiin sii kordhaysa aadanaha dabiiciga ah iyo lagama maarmaanka u ah xisaabinta horumarka noolaha. Habka Complex ka mid ah:
- Qiimeynta da'da noolaha (ilaa xadka ay da'da koriinkedu of nidaamka iyo xubnaha ilmaha). Shuruudaha: korodhka miisaanka iyo dhererka jirka ee sanadka by tirada da'da ilkaha, baaluq, qalab koritaanka lafaha.
- Nooca ratio Murqo dastuurka lugaha qaabeeya, caloosha, xabadka, dhabarka, horumarinta muruqa, lafaha, unugyada adipose.
- Qiyaaso sifooyinka dheelitirka ee ratio of dhererka iyo miisaanka jidhka.
Qiimaynta Buuxda ee horumarka jireed, oo waa la fuliyay in hay'adaha orientation caafimaad oo ka hortag ah, iyo sidoo kale inta lagu guda jiro baaritaanka caafimaad geeyay ogolaanaya, ku xiran tahay xogta qarka u saaran inay carruurta qaybi shan kooxood oo kala duwan ee caafimaadka,
- I group. Waxaa ka mid ah carruurta aan lahayn cudurada raaga, ma saameeyeen iyo dhif xanuunsan, qorshe jidhka iyo maskaxda oo aan weecasho.
- Group II. Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah category ee carruurta aan lahayn cudurada raaga, iyo rafaad wax ka badan afar jeer sannadkii, iyada oo halista cudurrada raaga, waxaa laga yaabaa in leexashooyinkaasi Fudud ee heerka shaqaynaya nidaamyada iyo xubnaha.
- Group III qeexayaa carruurta qabta cudurada raaga, heley (dhasho, oo aan caqabad ku jirka oo si caadi ah u shaqayn), inta badan jiran (in ka badan afar jeer sanadkiiba).
- Group IV. Carruurta naafada koriinka (dhasho), cudurada raaga, hakad caafimaadka caadiga ah iyo caafimaadka guud.
- Kooxda V. Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah caruurta la ildaran cudurrada halis ah oo keeni xanuunada cad oo shaqaynaya jirka.
dhallinyarada
Qiimaysay horumarka jirka ee dhallinyarada kama duwana hababka qiimaysay codsatay in carruurta oo dhan. In kasta oo miisaska iyo miisaanka waxaa ka mid ah macluumaadka carruurta jirta ilaa 17 sano.
Inkastoo, dabcan, waa in aan iloobin in horumarka gabdhaha sagaal sano ka dib iyo wiilasha ka dib markii kow iyo si weyn u kala duwan ka soo horumarka ilmaha yar.
In ay qaan, waxaa jira isbedel la taaban karo ee Joogaba, oo jidhka iyo xubnaha iyo horumarinta nidaamka:
- Gabdhaha ka yar tahay 14 sano jir si weyn u yihiin ka hor dhiggooda ah marka la eego beegyada uu culayska, dhererka, size xabadka.
- Muddadan jiro shahawada xoog leh koritaanka (gabdhaha haysan waqti ay ku koraan oo ku saabsan 25 sentimitir, iyo dar 25 kg, wiilasha - 35 cm iyo 35 kg).
- By 13-15 sano si buuxda u dhameeyey formation of sifooyinka galmada sare.
- Sii horumarinta firfircoon oo ka mid ah, hababka dareemayaasha, maskaxda wadnaha, hormoonada jidhka.
- Garaaca wadnaha iyo cadaadiska dhiigga si tartiib tartiib ah u dhowaanin waxqabadka qof weyn iyo 18 stop at lambarada 120 65 115 ee gabdhaha iyo 60 ee wiilasha.
Waa in la ogaadaa in xawaaraha dardar-horumarinta jirka (xawaaraha) waxaa si weyn u isbedeshay sannadihii u danbeeyay indices degaaankaaga, heerarka.
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