Qandho Zika: sababaha, calaamadaha, daaweynta, ka hortagga

tiro badan oo fayraska ku sugan deegaanka. Sheyga in aan la arki karin isha oo qaawan, keeni qof cudur oo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah wareer iyo xataa dhimasho sababi. Zeke waa fayras aad khatar u ah.

Wakiilka sababaya cudurka

Zika qandho - cudur keena fayraska ee isku magaca. Isagu waa xubin ka mid ah panulirus ku Flavivirus. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay virus la ogaado in dhiiga 1947 daayeer ku nool kaynta Sika (Uganda). Taasi waa sababta magaca this ahaa wakiilka sababaya qandhada.

In 1948, virus Zika, saynisyahano ogaaday in kaneecada in noolaa kaynta isku. Studies in la soo qabtaa mustaqbalka by khubaro muujisay in pathogene ku qaadsiin karaan aadanaha. Kiisaska cudurka aadanaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ku jiraan 1952 (Uganda iyo Jamhuuriyadda Midoowday ee Tansaaniya).

faafidda qandho

Tani cudur muddo dheer waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay dhib lahayn. Ma jirin dillaaca la xidhiidha cudurkan, sida qandho Zika. Wadamada qaarkood si ay u aqoonsadaan wakiilka sababaya? Unugyada ka hortagga firuska ayaa la ogaado in dadka ku nool Africa iyo South-East Asia (Masar, Hindiya, Vietnam, Indonesia, Central African Republic, Thailand, iwm). Interest in cudurka ka mid ah cilmi-sannadihii la soo dhaafay, marka cudurka la bilaabay in uu si degdeg ah shishadeeda ay kala duwan oo soo baxay.

dillaacay ugu horeysay ee qandhada Sika waxaa ku qoran gasiiradaha Yap ee Badweynta Pacific, iyo qayb ka mid ah ay yihiin Xubinta ka ah Federaalka ee Micronesia. sheybaar Ka dib xaqiijiyay in 49 kiis oo cudurka. A dhowr sano ka dib, ka dillaacay kale waxaa ka diiwaan gashan Faransiis Polynesia. In 2013-2014, 32 kun. Dadka la waraystay. nidaamka ilaalo Qaranka ayaa ka diiwaan gashan in ka badan 8 kun. kiisaska looga shakiyay cudurka. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 383 oo qof ayaa xaqiijiyay BVVZ (cudur uu keeno fayras Zika) ka dib markii baaritaan sheybaar.

In 2014, cudurka in South America yimid. qandho Zika cudurka in dadka deegaanka ee Easter Island. About sannad ka dib RNA ee pathogene waxaa laga helay dadka ku nool qayb ka mid ah Waqooyi-bari ee Brazil. Laga soo bilaabo January 2015 on February 2016 xaaladood oo cudurka uu keeno fayraska ah ayaa la diiwaan geliyey in 44 dal. BVVZ noqday dhibaato caalami ah.

Kiiska hore ee qandho Zika ee Russia

In Australia, China, Japan, Canada iyo Europe diiwaan kiis oo kaliya "keeno". lacala bixinta qandho sidoo kale la duubay ee Russia Zeke dalxiiska, ku soo laabtay dalkooda. Dheddig (da'da - 36 sano) nasan ah ee Dominican Republic in muddada u dhaxaysa 27 January 3 February 2016. Dhowr jeer ayay ahaa qaniinyada kaneecada, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo cudur u muuqday.

qandho Zika muujiyey maalintii soo laabtay. Dalxiiska dareemay daciifnimo, raaxo caloosha. Timaado Russia, waxay bilowday inay dareento at calaamadaha soo socda: saxaro, madax xanuun, finan on xabadka iyo gacmaha, qandho. Dhowr maalmood ka dib soo celinta naagtii waxaa ka dhintay isbitaal ku jira xaalad ah darnaanta dhexdhexaad ah. Dhakhaatiirta ayaa xusay iyada hyperemia anitenatus, finan yar oo wajiga, jirridda iyo addimada, korodhsan qanjirada dhuunta ilmo-galeenka, qandho ilaa 38 darajo.

calaamadaha soo bandhigo ayaa waxay awood dhakhaatiirta in ay qaataan joogitaanka mid ka mid ah cudurada sida qandho dengue iyo Zeke. daaweynta loo qori karaa oo kaliya ka dib markii cudurka sax ah. takhasusay The qaaday on baarka shaybaarka ee kaadida iyo dhiiga. In koorsada waxbarashada helay viral RNA Zika.

kala iibsiga ee pathogene ku dhex qaniinyada

Fayras sidayaal yihiin kaneecada ee panulirus ku Aedes (Africanus Ae., Aegypti, Albopictus Ae. Ae.). pathogene The galo jirka ah ee qaniinyada cayayaanka ka dib markii koroowga bukaanka. Sidee cudurka daayeer - su'aal jawaabta taas oo aan ku siin karaan sayniska casriga ah. kaydka ee fayraska ee dabiiciga ah waa la garanayn.

qandho Dadka Zika dhacdaa ka dib markii nuugid kaneecada cudurka. Waqtiga qaniinyada fayrusyada gelin jidhka bini'aadamka, waxaa loo qaybiyey waxaa la hadda ka mid ah xididdada dhiigga. Tani Jidka gudbinta pathogene waxaa lagu magacaabaa gudba.

Gudbidda Galmada fayruska

Dadka qaba qandho Zika, pathogene la ogaado ma aha oo kaliya in plasma iyo serum, laakiin sidoo kale in shahwada, dheecaanka siilka. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay ogol yahay khubarada ayaa soo jeedinaya in hab transmissive ee gudbinta ma aha mid gaar ah. Fayrasku waxa uu geli karaa jidhka qofka caafimaad inta lagu guda jiro xiriir qoto dheer la leh bukaan-socodka.

qandho Transfer galmada Sika diiwaan geliyay France, Italy, Mareykanka, New Zealand iyo Argentina. Wakiilka sababaya cudurka waxaa sidoo kale la ogaado in candhuufta, kaadida dadka buka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hada ma jirto caddayn si uu u taageero macquul ah ee la isugu gudbiyo fayraska la taabto hoorka jirka yiri.

Gudbinta fayruska in ilmaha caloosha ku xilliga uurka ama dhalmada

qandho Zika gudbin karo ilmaha inta ay uurka leedahay ama dhalmada. gudbinta toosan Transplacental fayraska dhirfinaya cudurka intrauterine iyo muuqaalka kore ee curyaanimo. Cudurka dhaca xilliga dhalmada, taasoo keenta cudurka lagu dhasho.

cudurka intrauterine waxay keeni kartaa:

• in habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha,
• dhimaal koritaanka uurjiifka,
• kaafi mandheerta ;
• dhimashada uurjiifka.

Zeke at qandho hore ee uurka tahay si ay u horumariyaan microcephaly. khubaro Eraygan fahmi dhakada aad u yar oo maskaxda. Caruurta waxay leeyihiin dhibaato this, ka dib dhalashada madaxa uusan kordhayn. Microcephaly - xaalad naadir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 2015-2016 tirada carruurta ku dhashay cudurada la this ayaa u kordhay. Tan waxa u sabab qandho Zika. Muddadan jiray in ka badan 5 kun. Dhallaanka Dhalashada la microcephaly ka hooyooyinka qaba fayraska.

calaamadaha

Ka dib markii ay qaniinto kaneecada in uu yahay side fayraska, Xilliga cudurku bilaabmin. Its duration noqon karaa 3 maalmood ilaa 2 todobaad. Calaamadaha ugu horeeya dhacaan ka dib Xilliga cudurku ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in daliilka kiliinikada ee cudurka uu yeesho in% ka mid ah dadka qaba cudurka oo kaliya 20-25. Si dhakhaatiirta la tuhunsan yahay ayaa laga yaabaa cudurka noocan oo kale ah, sida qandho Zeke, calaamadaha soo socda waa in la arkay:

• qandho umad kaliya,
• finan ku jirridda iyo jirka,
• xanuun wadajirka ah;
• caabuq xuubka indhaha.

Bukaanjiifka qaar ka cawdaan xanuun muruqyada iyo caloosha, si degdeg ah oo joogto ah oo jilicsan, matag, pruritus. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwaas oo calaamadaha qandhada Zika muuqan aad u dhif ah.

adeega waa

The plasma iyo dhiig serum, candhuufta, kaadida, shahwada - qalab ku haboon ogaanshaha cudurada sida qandho Zika. Cilad lagu samayn karaa on dheecaan lafdhabarka iyo amniotic, haddii loo baahdo, dhiigga xudunta. Marka dhimashada ah baarka waxbarasho aadanaha ee xubnaha gudaha (beerka, kalyaha, maskaxda, sambabada).

Asal ahaan ku takhasusay waxay bixiyaan oo kaliya sampling dhiigga. Habkani waxaa loo sameeyaa subaxdii. Dhiigga ee shaashada ka muuqda 3-4 ml tube imtixaan leh daawada xinjirowga lidka ku ah. Markaas waxaa centrifuged si aad u hesho Plaza. takhasusay muunad soo koobay kaydiyaa ka hor reaction silsilad polymerase ah (PCR):

• aan ka badnayn 5 maalmood at heerkul ah 4-8 degrees Celsius,
• 1 sano ee laga jaray 6-20 digrii,
• muddo dheer at heerkul ah -70 degree Celsius.

serum diyaariyey by hababka caadiga ah. Waxaa la keydiyo ilaa fulinta waxbarashada hidaha fuliyo iyo kelli ah ee hababka ogaanshaha sida plasma.

Cilad laga aqbalo qaataan 5-7 maalmood xanuun, iyo in 7-10 maalmood. Toddobaadka ugu horreeya ee cudurka by reaction silsilad polymerase (PCR) ee shay-baarka dhiigga laga soo ururiyey ayaa shaaca ka qaaday virus qandho Zika - halkii ay RNA. antibodies IgM ogaado by saabsan 5-6 maalmood oo qandho. By dhamaadka toddobaadka labaad ee cudurka muuqan antibodies fasalka IgG dhiigga dadka cudurka qaba.

daawaynta qandho

In dalalka oo dhan, Russia, isbitaal ka mid ah dadka qaba calaamadaha cudurka keena fayras Zika sameeyaa oo keliya haddii Caafimaad tilmaamay mooyee. In Russia, wax kasta waa ka duwan yahay. Dhammaan bukaanka qaba calaamadaha laga shakiyo waxaa isbitaal isbitaalka faafa halkaasoo uu tijaabada imtixaanada.

Zika qandho, kuwaas oo astaamaha u muuqday, wuxuu dhacaa caadi ahaan fudud. Dhakhaatiirta kuu qori bukaanka antipyretics talinaynaa nasasho iyo cabto cabitaan badan. daaweynta sababaha in la baabi'iyo karaa Jidka qandho Zika kajirin. machadyada cilmi-baarista iyo shirkadaha caalamiga ah waxaa ka shaqeeya si ay u horumariyaan daawooyinka fayruska. Laakiin ma weli u suurtagashay in ay horumariyaan wax soo saarka ah in uu awoodi doono inuu baabbi'iyo pathogene ee jidhka bini'aadamka.

fiiro gaar ah in la bixiyo, in ay maamul haweenka uurka leh qandho Zika. Marka cudurka cudurka dumarka ugu jira meel laguma talinayo acetylsalicylic acid. In saddexda bilood ee ugu horeeya uurka waa lagama maarmaan si ay u dhamaystiraan rayi ururinta. farsamooyinka ultrasound qabtay waxaa loo isticmaalaa baaritaanada hooyada invasive. Natiijooyinku waxay heli noo oggolaan si ay u xalliyaan su'aasha ah ee ilaalinta ee uurka.

dhibaatooyin ay suuragal tahay

In 2015, dillaacay of BVVZ ee Brazil ayaa waxaa ka diiwaan gashan. Khubarada si ay u qiimeeyaan xaaladda, ayaa sheegay in tirada sii kordhaysa ee dadka cudurka qaba ayaa kor u kacay tirada dadka qaba cudurka Guillain-Barré syndrome. Tani waa xaalad taas oo nidaamka difaaca jirka qofka saameeya habdhiska neerfaha ka durugsan.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, dadka qaba cudurka Guillain-Barre syndrome waa khafiif ah. Bukaan-socodka la soco in uu tabar iyo jidhidhico ee jirka hoose iyo sare. Dadka qaarkood waxay leeyihiin curyaannimo a lugaha, gacmaha, muruqyada wejiga. Xaaladaha daran ee Guillain-Barre syndrome keenaysaa in curyaannimo oo ka mid ah murqaha-mareenka, wadnaha. Sidaas darteed, dhimasho dhacdaa.

Bukaanka qaba cudurka Guillain-Barre syndrome, qandho sababay Zika, waa in taxadar ah loola socdo (waxay u baahan tahay la socodka cadaadiska dhiigga, garaaca wadnaha, Neefta). Taasi waa sababta dadka buka, oo xataa dhibaatooyin khafiif ah in la dhigo.

tallaabooyinka ka hortagga

Si aan si la soo gudboonaado cudur noocaas ah, sida qandho Zika, ka-hortagga waa in ay soo socda:

1. Dadka dooran meesha aad fasax dibadda, waxaa haboon bixinta si ay dalalka ku jira barwaaqo marka la eego epidemioligal dareenka.
2. Haddii fasax loo cayimay ee gobolka, halkaasoo ilaha kaneecada qandho, waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay qaataan ka celisa cayayaanka. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa dhar midab light in daboolayaa inta badan ee jirka in ay ka soo cayayaanka ilaaliyo.
3. ma In hotels furo daaqadaha haddii ay ku qalabeysan marokaneecooyin.
4. Waxa kale oo aad u baahan tahay si looga fogaado in booqashada dhulal ah. weelasha biyaha (taayirada, oo dheryay ku ubax) waa in la madhiyo oo la nadiifiyaa (ama wax si ay u daboosho), sababtoo ah kaneecada jeclahay jawiga qoyan iyo qabow.

Ha sidoo kale iloobin in BVVZ la galmada la isugu gudbiyo karo. Marka ka soo laabanaya fasax 8 todobaad gudahood (aan calaamadaha) waa inay raacaan galmo badbaado leh (isticmaal cinjirka ama iska ilaali xidhiidhka dhow). Marka calaamadaha ugu horeeya ee cudurka sidan nolosha yeelan doonaan in ay yeelato 6 bilood (ugu yaraan).

Gebogebadii, waxa xusid mudan in Zika qandho (clinical, in saf, daaweynta iyo ka hortaga cudurka) - mawduuc kulul. Cudur, kaas oo aan si dhab ah muddo dheer, sannadihii la soo dhaafay waxa uu noqday khatar ku ah caafimaadka iyo nolosha dadka intooda badan caalamka. Currently BVVZ weli aan si buuxda u fahamsan yahay: Ma aqaan oo dhan dhibaatooyin ayaa laga yaabaa in ay sabab u kac pathogene in la horumariyo tallaalka iyo daawooyinka fayruska. Waxaa laga yaabaa in arimahan lagu xalin doono mustaqbalka dhow, sababtoo ah hay'adaha caalamiga ah iyo machadyada cilmi-baarista ah ayaa ka shaqeeya degaamadan.