Noocyada dhulal iyo sifooyinka ay

article Tani waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa mid ka mid ah qaababka dabiiciga ah ee ugu badan, taas oo ah goob rehumidified dusha dhulka la lakabka ah Peat iyo dabeecad u gaar ah oo kaliya noocyada meelaha cuntada sida ku habboon shuruudaha deficiency oxygen, biyo daciif ah iyo iyagoo ordaya oo qoyaan xad-dhaaf ah.

Waxaa lagu soo bandhigi doonaa noocyada kala duwan ee dhulal oo leh sifooyin ay kooban.

warbixin guud

Waxaa jira 3 qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee dhulal:

• Eryis iyo biyaha fadhiya.
• Joogitaanka gaar ah, sifo for dhulal Dhirta.
• geedi socodka samaynta Peat.

Dhulal waxaa loo yaqaanno meesha xididdada geedka ma gaadhi karto ciidda macdanta.

formation

Ka hor inta aad ogtahay, waa maxay noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee dhulal, si aad u ogaato sida ay u sameeyay.

Waayo, formation of qaybaha sida lagama maarmaanka ah la dhimo, si ay u sii qoyaanka ciidda iyo dushiisa oo dhan, iyo sarrifka biyo tabar daran (in H. t., Oo dhulka). Taa baddalkeeda, la'aanta ah ee ogsijiin sababa uumiga caqabad ku helaan hawada dhulka, oo xidhiidh la leh taas oo ay jirto ballaarinta aan ku filnayn (ama lagu qayilo) haraadiga daaqsinka ku dhimanayaan iyo Peat waxaa la aasaasay. Last - substrate ciidda la content a biyaha sare. Waxa uu gebi ahaanba ka kooban dhirta baaliyoobay. Peat lagu gartaa darajo ee kala daatay kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, heerka kala daatay ee 70% ah oo macnaheedu yahay in 70 boqolkiiba giirte dhirta dhintay, oo 30 - no. Noocan ah substrate waa fiican in awoodda biyo-hayo, sidaa darteed waxaa jirta arrin content a biyaha sare (oo ku saabsan 97% ee wadarta mugga).

Noocyada dhulal iyo sifooyinka ay

By quudinta xaaladaha iyo noocyada kala saaro biyagaleenka (duwan eutrophic), meel gaarka ah (mesotrophic) iyo rarka (oligotrophic) siday u kala horreeyaan isagoo concave ah, qaababka dusha guri iyo convex.

Under dooxada (eutrophic) waxaa loola jeedaa meelaheeda dhoobada ku yaalla Niyadjabka la dusha biyuhu iyo dhulka biyaha carrada, hodan ku cusbada macdanta. Dhajinta advantageously roobab quudin ka jawiga, taas oo aan aad u hodan ku cusbada macdanta. Biyagaleenka ahuba jira group dhexe transient.

Daaqa, ka jirta aagga, kala saaro kaynta, cawska, geed iyo noocyo ajada ee dhulal. microrelief Sida laga soo xigtay - buur ah, guri, convex. Marsh - kuwanu waa biyagaleenka ahuba dhulal.

qoyan Ruush

Noocyada meelaheeda dhoobada Ruush hoos ka fiirso. Oo weliba - macluumaad guud.

biyagaleenka ahuba Area in Russia waa qiyaastii 1.4 million square feet. km (10% ee dusha dalka). Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha u xoqdo, ay yihiin ku dhowaad 3000 oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. m kaydka biyaha dabiiciga ah ma guurto ah.

Qoyan - waa arrin adag nidaamka dabiiciga ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay biotopes xiran, kuwaas oo lagu gartaa qoynta xoog, joogitaanka nooc ka mid ah dhirta iyo raasamaal ee ku harta kala duwan organic sida waxyabaha ama Peat biyo-jecel. In xaaladaha kala duwan ee cimilada ee Ruush, muuqaalka guud ee dhulka, oo ku xiran dhagaxyadii ay salka ku sameeyo noocyo kala duwan oo meelaheeda dhoobada, mid kasta oo leh sifooyin kala duwan Peat kayd, xaaladda biyaha feed iyo sifooyinka godka Dhirta.

The noocyada soo socda ee korontada Russia biyagaleenka ahuba: dooxada, sare iyo KMG.

dabiiciga ah ee awoodda

Under xaaladaha sifo xoogga waxaa loogu tala galay meelaheeda dhoobada dusha casriga ah iyo joogitaanka lakabka sare ee substrate uu ku jiray xididada dhirta ku taalla. Waayo, nooc kasta oo dhulal kaliya kor ku xusan waxaa lagu matalo ilaha awooda ay.

uumiga waa feature weyn ee biyagaleenka ahuba kasta. Waxay keentaa dhacdo ee nooc gaar ah ee xayawaanka iyo dhirta, iyo sidoo kale xaalado gaar ah humification hanti in cimiladu qoraxda sida caadiga ah u wadin inuu soo harta Dhirta burbur aan dhamaystirnayn iyo formation of Peat.

Qaybinta juquraafi ahaaneed ee dhulal ee Russia

meelaheeda dhoobada Ruush baahday in ku dhowaad dhammaan goobaha dabiiciga ah, laakiin inta badan dheecaan ka, Niyadjabka xad-dhaafka ah oo qoyan. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin in meelaha dhexe iyo -galbeed woqooyi ee Siberian West Bannaankii.

dhulal ugu badan ee Russia - Dhuldhoobo iyo zone taiga. noocyada dhulal waa kala duwan. Waterlogging meelo ka mid ah Dhuldhoobo waa 50%. Meelaha taiga urursan qiyaastii 80% oo ka mid ah bogs Peat. In qayb ka mid ah Yurub of Russia dhulal ugu jira Vologda, Leningrad Oblast iyo Republic of Karelia (qiyaastii 40%).

Taiga of Western Siberia ilaa badiba in 70 boqolkiiba. kala duwan A weyn ee biyagaleenka ahuba iyo Bariga Fog, inta badan ee gobolka Amur ah.

Qaybinta dhulal nooca

Noocyada dhulal Ruush juquraafi di'in. Horse qabsadeen nus ka mid ah aagga wetland total, oo ay intaba ee gobollada waqooyiga. Dooxada ka yar ka badan kala bar (40%) ka mid ah aagga oo dhan biyagaleenka. meelaha aad u yar degan meelaheeda dhoobada kala guurka (10%).

Biyagaleenka, bulk of webiga nuujiyo ama dhulka, oo waxay dhacaan inta badan goobaha oomanaha ah. Iyo in - dooxooyin iyo DeLTAS webiyo waaweyn. meelaheeda dhoobada sare inta badan quudin by roobab, iyo inta badan waa la helay in taiga iyo Dhuldhoobo qaybood ee Eurasia. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan (84%) ka mid ah meelaha peaty waxaa ku yaalla qaybta Asian of Russia.

Iyo waxa ahaaday nooca qoyan ee Waqooyiga? Biyagaleenka galbeed Siberia ayaa waxaa kujira 42%. Inta badan dalka peaty (qiyaastii 73%) waxa ay ku egtahay aagga dhulka la jirkiisa.

cover Dhirta

In biyagaleenka heysatay by dhirta socda: white bjørk, Alder, safsaf, geed iyo gran. Herb waxaa laga helaa inta badan dareemaduna iyo badarka - bakoorad iyo cawsduur. From Muuse guud ahaan koraan Muuse cagaaran.

Waayo, bogs KMG ah waxaa lagu gartaa bjørk iyo geed (Siberia - larch Dahurian iyo Siberian, kedar ah) iyo safsaf (wax yar ka yar ee biyagaleenka ah). Herb waa Dhirta caadiga ah waa isku mid sida ee biyagaleenka ah, laakiin ma aha in tiro badan oo kale. Inta badan waxaad kula kulmi kartaa trichophorum Alpine, cawsduur, sedge iyo sherstistoplodnuyu butylchatuyu. Waxa la kulmay iyo dabeecad daaqsinka ee bogs.

Fuushan on moor waxaa jira geed (kedar ah Siberian isku qasan la) iyo larch Dahurian. Bush halkan ma joogo oo dhan, laakiin waa ku baahday in meelahaas koox ka mid ah Heather: Cassandra, Heather, rosemary, blueberries iyo cranberries. Waxaa muujisay koraan cilin bjørk iyo Crowberry (crowberry). Caadiga ah ee meelaha sida iyo caws-hal madaxa suuf (geedo yaryar), weyn tussock-caws. inta badan waxaad ka heli kartaa oo cloudberries la sundew. Muuse halkan wakiil sphagnum kaliya.

Sidaas darteed, nooca Peat iyo Dhirta kale oo suuragal ah inuu xukumo in (sida kor ku xusan) nooc, waxa ka mid ah dhulal.

Gebogebadii, arrimaha deegaanka

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyo aad u badan waxaa jira horumar xun oo ku saabsan xad-dhaaf ah, dhiig-miirashada ee burbur ee dhulal. First of wasakhaysan oo dhan this, qaadashada biyo xad-dhaaf ah oo ka soo ciidda iyo wax soo saarka mass of Peat. Sidoo kale, door muhiim ah lagu ciyaaray by dheecaan iyo beer ku qodaya, xad gudub ku ah nidaam biyaha raaca ee dhismaha waddooyinka, dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska iyo tas-hiilaadka kale.

Dheecaan ka mid ah dhulal inta badan keenta in dab Peat, nabaad-dal iyo khasaaro kala duwan oo dunida ah noolaha. shuqulkaaga oo dhan waa in si taxadir leh u qaadeen, iyadoo ilaalinta ee qasabka ah inta badan dhulal ah. U hubso in aad raacdo xeerasha ilaalinta ee dheelitirka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah.