Muhaajiriinta ee Germany: Life dib

Ma yaraadaa hadal ah oo ku saabsan sii daridda ah ee dhibaatooyinka qaxootiga ee Yurub, Guddiga Yurub aqoonsan ugu daran tan iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Isla mar ahaantaana, Germany waxaa loo arkaa gobolka ee Midowga Yurub, kuwaas oo qaatay gabada ah "hirarka qaxootiga."

Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Jarmal ee Arrimaha Gudaha, sanadkii la soo dhaafay dalka ayaa dadka da'da ah in ka badan hal milyan oo muhaajiriin ah - dadka magangelyo-doonka. Waxa laba jeer wax ka badan in sanadkii hore ay tahay. Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ugu baaqay xaalad aan la aqbali karin halka ay dadaalka ugu weyn ee soo dhaweynta ah ee muhaajiriinta sameynayo dalka kale qaar ka mid ah. Waa maxay xaaladda muhaajiriin ee Germany 2016?

Maxay tahay sababta ay halkan doonaysaan?

Germany soogalootiga - mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu jecel yahay. Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Jarmal qiyaasaa in sanadkii la soo dhaafay dalka ka diiwaan gashan oo ku saabsan 1.1 million oo qaxooti ah. Kuwaas oo kala ah, qayb weyn oo ka kooban Suuriya (428.5 kun. Dadka).

The ugu soo jiidashada badan yihiin heerka guud dhaqaalaha dalka iyo heerka damaanado bulshada, kaas oo ku siin doona shaqaalaha ee Germany.

Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda su'aasha

Mawduucan ah "cid Germany: Muhaajiriin" waxay leedahay taariikh iyo dhaqaale oo qoto dheer. Dhaqaalaha German ah tan iyo ganacsigii ka post-dagaal uusan awoodin in uu sameeyo iyada oo shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah. Dalku wuxuu u baahan yahay shaqaale iyo "dhiig yar yar". Sababtuna waxay tahay, jiritaanka dhibaatada dadka iyo calaamadaha cad ee gabow.

Country la socdaalka ah ay gacanta ku

Inta badan 50s ee shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah 'yihiin oo dalkooda kusoo laabtay South iyo Koonfur Europe, laakiin dad badan oo ku sugnaa gudaha dalka Germany, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ah "shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah ee dalka" ayaa noqday dal leh soogalootinimo nidaamsan.

In 80s ee Germany oo keliya kharash ku ah Turkiga iyo Jarmalka, ka dib burburkii nidaamka communist ka Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, Poland iyo Romania soo laabtay, saamiga per capita dadka soo galootiga dhaafo waxqabadka dalalka soo galootiga ah: USA, Canada iyo Australia.

In Germany, ilaa 2015, dadka in ka badan 7 million shaqaalaha, oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 9% dadka. Tan waxaa ku jira 1.5 milyan oo shisheeyaha siiyey dhalashada, iyo qaar ka mid ah 4.5 milyan oo ku barokacay. Waxaa soo baxday mid ka mid ah in in lix qof oo ku nool Germany ama u haajiray halkan yimaado qoysaska muhaajiriinta ah.

Muhaajiriinta ee Germany: Life dib

Inta badan shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida shaqada xirfad, tan iyo Germany ee la soo dhaafay ayaa la shaqaalaysiiyay ugu horayn loogu talagalay shaqo fudud. Qaar ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida shaqaale xirfad leh, oo wax yar uun u maareeyaan si aad u hesho xirfad, waxay bixisaa aqoonta sare. Sida laga soo xigtay waxbarashada, qolooyinka reer muhaajiriinta Jarmal ma fududa in la hagaajiyo booska dhaqaale ama fuuli jaranjarada bulshada.

Weli arrinta isdhexgalka muhaajiriin in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah horumarka, sharciga wuxuu bilaabay fududeynta ah in helitaanka dhalashada Jarmalka, ayaa noqday xiriirada ka badan oo degdeg ah oo u dhexeeya dadka cusub iyo dadka wadaniga ah, kor loogu qaado aragtida wanaagsan ee dadka wadaniga ah ee kala-duwanaanta qowmiyadeed iyo dhaqanka. Sharciga cusub ee socdaalka ayaa markii ugu horeysay lagu bixiyo qaab dhismeedka guud ee sharci ee dhammaan dhinacyada siyaasadda ajinebiga.

xuquuqda muhaajiriinta

Muhaajiriinta ku nool Germany by xeerarka hadda:

• 3 bilood ee hore (xilligan waxaa loo arkaa codsiga), qaxootiga waxaa la siiyaa hoy oo bilaash ah, cuntada, dharka iyo daryeel caafimaad;
• article gaar ah siinayaa bixinta "lacag jeebka", jidaynayey si ay u daboosho baahida shakhsi ahaaneed (bil kasta 143 euros qofkiiba);
• ka dib markii la sii daayo distributors qaateyaasha muhaajiriinta ee Germany maanta jira oo ku saabsan 287-359 euros bil ah, marka lagu daro, waxay ku xidheen 84 euro carruurta jirta ilaa 6 sano;
• Qaxootiga waxay xaq u leeyihiin in ay helaan guryaha bulshada, bixisay by madaxda Jarmal.

On caqabadaha bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha

Ururka ayaa ku soo dhaweyn baaxad, kaas oo la helay oo tahriibayaal ah ee Germany - ma hawl fudud. Reception iyo is-dhexgalka ee tiro badan oo ka mid ah qaxootiga waa caqabadaha dhaqaale iyo bulsho weyn. Dalku wuxuu u baahanyahay maal la taaban karo ee waxbarashada, tababarka, abuurista shaqooyin cusub, taas oo ka caawin lahaa si ay ula qabsadaan caqabadaha mustaqbalka. Waxaan sidoo kale u baahan guryo la awoodi karo, iyo kaabayaasha dadweynaha wax ku ool ah.

tirokoobyada

In 2015 shaqaalaha ee Germany helay wadar ahaan 21 billion euros - sida gobolka maalgeliyeen ay dejinta iyo la qabsashada, iyo in 2016-2017. ujeeddooyinkan joogi doonaan ugu yaraan 50 bilyan oo hubaal ah, Germany -. ma wadan faqiir ah, laakiin sababta oo ah lacagahaas lagu hagaajin karo wanaajinta heerka nolosha ee dadka iyaga u gaar ah ee.

kharashka dalka Future

Ilaa 2020, xaqiiqda ah, si loo hubiyo in nolosha muhaajiriinta ee Germany, dowladda Bixin doonaan guud ahaan ku saabsan 93,6 billion euros. Macluumaadkan waxaa loo sameeyey dadweynaha by Spiegel ee toddobaadlaha ah iyo waxa lagu saleeyay xogta ka qiyaasaha Wasaaradda Maaliyadda darbay wadahadalo kula wakiillo ka socda dawlad-goboleedyada federaalka.

Xisaabaha ayaa ku jira kharashka hoyga iyo koorasyada luqada, isdhexgalka, welfare of visitors, in ay ka gudbaan sababaha ay socdaalka si Europe. In 2016, gool waxay u baahan doonaan ku saabsan 16.1 billion, 2020 kharashka sanadlaha ah ee muhaajiriinta kordhin doontaa in 20.4 bilyan oo euros.

goboleedyada federaalka gani doonaa on muhaajiriinta 2016 21 billion euros. By 2020, ay kharashka sanadlaha kici doonaa 30 bilyan.

dual xaaladda

In dal in uu noqday ugu soo jiidashada badan ee muhaajiriinta, waxa uu ku horumariyo arrin xaalad ku jirio. Dhinaca mid, sababta oo ah dhibaatada dadka iyo dadka gaboobay dalka ay sii wadi doonto in ay u baahan yihiin in loogu yeero "dhiigga dhallinyarada" iyo shaqaale dheeraad ah. qulqulaya muhaajiriin loo baahan yahay si ay u ilaaliyaan nidaamka bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha. Sida laga soo xigtay madaxa Hay'adda Federaalka ah ee Labor, qiyaastii 70% dadka qaxootiga ah, kuwaas oo gaaray Germany - dadka da'da shaqada.

Dhinaca kale, sida ay saadaasha, 10% keliya oo ka mid ah in 5 sano ay awoodaan in ay shaqo u helaan noqon doonaa, oo 50% - 10.

Sarkaalka ayaa xusay in wadahadalo aan la yeelanay warbaahinta, in qaxootiga aan la xallin karin in la'aanta dalka ka mid ah shaqaale xirfad leh ah. Marka shaqo raadinta sida xaqiiqada ah kicin doonaa su'aasha ah iyada oo aan aqoon luqadda loo baahan yahay in ay leeyihiin dhibaato la xiriirta aqoonsiga shahaadooyinka iyo shahaadado, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Dhibaatada isdhexgalka shaqada muhaajiriin weli xalin, madaxa Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha. Baahida loo qabo isku xirka wanaagsan ee isdhexgalka barnaamijyada muhaajiriin ay bixiyaan qaybaha kala duwan ee dalka.

Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha, sanadkan koorsooyin isdhexgalka inay dhegaystaan ku saabsan 400 kun Qaxootiga., Taas oo ah laba jeer ka badan 2015. Waxa keliya ee muhaajiriinta, oo awood u qabsashada suuqa shaqada iyo diyaar u yihiin in ay qaataan heerarka Yurub ee dhaqanka. Dhab ahaantii, inta badan dadka qaxootiga ah ay rajaynayeen in ay ku noolaadaan off gargaarka bulshada, in la isticmaalayo lacagta canshuur. Tani waa dibad dad badan wadaniga ah.

The "heerka caalami"

Mawduuca "Qaxootiga iyo muhaajiriinta ee Germany" Waa mid cakiran by xaqiiqada ah in bulshada Jarmal cabsato oo ka mid ah eedeymaha yar ee naceeb iyo cunsurinimada, kaas oo la xiriira xusuusta oo ka mid ah jahli dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Sababtan awgeed, dhaqdhaqaaq nacayb iyo anti-galootiga ah waxaa markii hore aan la helin qiyaasta kale in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub. Warbaahinta iyo madaxda siyaasadda ee Germany si firfircoon uga soo rogi muwaadiniinta image positive 'qaxootiga iyo isku dayaya inuu soo jiito nin celcelis ahaan in jidadka - Michel, Hans ama Fritz - in gargaar dadka cusub waa in ay "waajib caalamiga ah."

Features of isdhexgalka casri ah

Waayo, xaqiiqooyinka Yurub xusan dastuurka Jarmal iyo koobnaan aasaaskii ay bulshada - sharafta aadanaha, sinaanta ragga iyo dumarka, xornimada damiirka iyo diinta, lama taabtaan ah ee qofka, iwm - .. ruxma. ka dal ee North Africa iyo Bariga Dhexe yimid, waxay gabi ahaanba ma aqbalo. Amniga qofka iyo xornimada damiirka in dalalka ay garan sida xoriyadda cadaadis iyo baabba 'oo ka mid ah "gaalada", ie. E. The wakiillo ka socda diimaha kale. Garashadiisii sinaanta xuquuqda ragga iyo dumarka ka shaqeeya si cad u muujiyey in Cologne habeenkii sannadka cusub, marka saabsan dhallinyarada kun oo carab ah iyo Waqooyiga Afrika fuliyeen ugaarsi galmada for Jarmalka.

Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta, isdhexgalka muhaajiriin bulshada noqon doontaa hawsha ugu adag ee abid ka kacay inuu dalka.

On dhibaatada of anti-Nacayb

Maanta, Germany waxaa loo arkaa inay ka fuushaan siyaasad ahaan aan sax ahayn si cad u sheegan in dunida maanta ee argagixisada ka timaadaa dhaggan of Islam. Inkasta oo aynu wada ognahay in muddo tobannaan sano dadkan ayaa saamayn ku sii kordhaya dagaal anti-Nacayb. Yuhuudi-nacayb waa lagu wacdiyaa, iyo qasbay shabakadaha bulshada, wargeysyada, telefishanka iyo buugaagta.

Bishii October ee sanadkii hore Golaha Yuhuudda ee Germany, Madaxweynaha Josef Schuster muujiyay ahaa ay walaac xad-dhaaf ah oo ku saabsan loogasoo ee aan dhammaadka lahayn ee qaxootiga ka yimid dalalka Muslim, halkaas oo anti-Nacayb waa siyaasadda gobolka.

Bishii Janaayo ee sannadkan, ee furitaanka bandhiga ah "Art of Holocaust ah," Merkel waxa uu qiray in "anti-Nacayb ee Germany runtii waa ay sii faafto" ka badan hal ka fekeri karaa. Iyo Jarmalka "waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay si firfircoon u hor joogsataan."

Aqoonsiga dhibaatada Chancellor ahaa ku filan si ay Madaxweynaha TSESG ayaa lagu dhawaaqay caasimadda ah ee raadiyaha in Yuhuuddu ay wax cabsi ah, inta badan goobaha Yuhuudda ee dalka si ay u bixiyaan ilaalinta lagu kalsoonaan karo waxay leeyihiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelaha qaarkood, taxaddar waa in loogu dhaqmaa iyo in aan la xayaysiin ay asal ahaan "(?)

bulshada waxaa bislaada fahamka in si ixtiraam leh in muhaajiriinta waxay u baahan tahay siyaasad ka badan dagaal badan.

On masaafurinta si degdeg ah muhaajiriin dambiilayaasha

theme The nolosha muhaajiriinta ee Germany waa arrin ah in la diyaariyey karaa sida soo socota: "Germany, rabshadaha soo galootiga ah". dalka ayaa kor u kacay tirada taageerayaasha ka saarida deg-deg ah dalka of visitors, kuwaas oo ku xad sharciga.

In Germany, waxaa jira sharci shardi in soo-galootiga ah waxaa laga yaabaa in xabsi maxalli ah muddo saddex sano ah ka hor inta uusan masaafurinta. Sida iska cad, qaddar noocan oo kale ah ma cabsiiyo martida. dib u eegis daahsan ee sharciyada, sida ay bulshada. Qaxootiga kuwaas oo sharciga jebiyey waa in isla markiiba soo tarxiilay. Sida laga soo xigtay ku takhasusay, bulshooyinka muhaajiriinta baxda ayaa noqday dhul taranta bacrin ah dembi iyo argagixisada caalamiga ah.

Maamulka qarinaayay dembiyada ee soo-galootiga

Sida falanqeeyayaasha, dhacdada cajiib ah in Cologne, marka sannadka cusub Eve deggan magaalada soo maray ah muhaajiriin weerarka abaabulan, oo carab ah iyo Suuriya, kuwaas oo, isagoo ku jira xaalad ah daroogada iyo khamriga iyo sakhraannimo, waxay bilaabeen inay igaga xanaajiyaan khilaafaadka la bilayska maxalliga ah, islamarkaana dhacayay jidka maraya iyo in ay kufsadaan haweenka Jarmal ma ahaa kaliya ee Germany. Muhaajiriinta ayaa si isdabajooga ku xadgudbay xeerka sharciga.

Ku saabsan xaaladood oo xadgudubyo nidaamsan sharciga ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah muhaajiriinta ayaa muddo dheer la yaqaan. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay ku dhawaaqday si cad - ka hor dhacdada, ayaa wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u qariyaan.

midab New?

Duqa Cologne ayaa waxaa la soo jeediyay sal-dhigida ee qeexidda "code of conduct" loogu tala galay dumarka, waxaa lagu talinayaa in Jarmalka dharka suubban, ma keligaa tag iyo isku dayaan in ay ka fogaadaan qaxootiga lab iska at dhererka gacanta ee.

Hindisaha ayaa waxaa Salaamo duufaan weyn oo dhirif ee Germany. qora Jarmal ayaa daabacay sawirro arkiifiyo haweenka Jarmal, kuwaasoo gacanta midig kordhiyay in salaan ka Nazi. Taasi waa sida Jarmalka kor u qaadi kari gacmihiisa in uu iska gaashaan ka shaqaalaha, sharaxay ku qora.

waddanka u soo guurey badan oo gaaray dalka wakhti dheer ah, ayaa muujiyey cabsi ah in hadda ay u sameeyaan doonaa hooska ka mid ah dambiyada qaxootiga dhowaan yimid. Night ee Cologne dilay cordiality Jarmal iyo hoteelada, waxay dhihi. In ay meesha yimid nooc cusub oo ah midab. Waxay saameyn kartaa dhamaan muhaajiriinta oo yimid waqtiyo kala duwan ee dalka.

Germany ka dhanka ah tahriibayaal

rabshadaha ee dhowr magaalo oo Germany ka dib, xaaladda ay tahay mid kacsan. ruxruxo A of mudaharaadyo iyo dibad Wasiirka siyaasadda ajinebiga Merkel. Jarmalka abaabulay ilaalada is-difaaca maxaa yeelay, ilaalinta guests. In dalka weeraro on "ajnabiga."

Dhibaatada tahriibayaasha ah ee Germany ayaa koray si baaxadda dhibaatada Yurub. dalka la dhaqaalaha ugu xoogan ee Midowga Yurub ma qaadi karto xaaladda.

Halkii garashada dhibaatada cad qaxootiga ku ashtakeeyaan masuuliyiinta dhirfiyeen xag Jarmal lagu eedeeyay tuugo faashistihii isku dayayaan in ay dilayo shaqaalaha. Laakiin Jarmalka ha rumaysanina. adeegyada qarsoon Jarmal ma saarayso in xasillooni ee dalka ma aha xag abaabulan, iyo xubnaha IG kii dareemo liito ee nidaamka Yurub sharciga-fulinta.

Cawaaqibka Chancellor ah tilmaam ballaadhan

mawduuc ee muhaajiriinta ku nool Germany maanta waa in la tilmaamay sida soo socota: "Germany, muhaajiriin, Merkel" soornimo ah Chancellor marka la eego qaxootiga Suuriya ayaa hadda pejoratively dhaleeceeyay heerar badan.

Bulshada Jarmal cambaareeyay madax sare ee waxa ay tahay, dhab ahaantii, ayay casuumay qaxootiga dalka. dareenka Anti-galootiga ah ee Germany ayaa haatan ka adkaan. Waayo, Jarmalka ugu, waxaa cad in siyaasadda ajinebiga ee Chancellor ee waa khalad.

"Waalli doorasho"

In doorashada ee dawlad-goboleedyada federaalka - Baden-Wurttemberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Rhineland-Palatinate - xisbiga talada haya ee Chancellor ku guuldareystay. Baarlamaanka Dawladdu waxay hadda jira wakiillo ka socda dhinacyada ka soo horjeeda bixinta magangelyada qaxootiga iyo muhaajiriinta:

• aalladda xaq "Alternative Germany", taas oo u taagan yahay xiritaanka ee xuduudaha oo aan si ay u helaan qaxootiga,
• Xisbiga Green,
• Sooshal dimuqraadiga.

Jariirada Bild ayaa ku tilmaamay xaaladda mid "waalli doorasho". Sueddeutsche Zeitung saadaalisay in ka dhacay doorashadii 2016, "Germany beddeli doonaa." publications qaar ka mid ah ayaa soo jeediyay in Angela Merkel iyo CDU ah (Christian Democratic Union) bixiyo siyaasadaha ay socdaalka deeqsi ah.

doorashada, sida uu sheegay Sueddeutsche Zeitung, siin bidhaamaysa mustaqbalka of democracy Jarmal. Sida laga soo xigtay wargayska, Germany bilaabmaa "Browning". "Sida aad ogtahay, wax walba oo la barwaaqaysan, isbeddel wax kasta oo Si qaar ka mid ah waxa ay u muuqdaan kuwo laga yaabo in ay wax walba oo weli waa si, laakiin xaqiiqadu sidaas ahayn waa." - ayaa sheegay in Zeitung Sueddeutsche ah.