Maxay u yihiin caleemo cagaar ah? Maxaad ay u baahan tahay?

Geedaha - mid ka mid ah shan boqortooyooyinka noolaha on dhulkeenna. Waxay ka tirsan tahay eukaryotes ah, dadkuba ie, kuwaas oo ku jira unugyada xuduntii ah.

Dhismaha warshadda

Waxay noqon karaan unicellular ama multicellular. Arintaan waxaa loo kala qaybiyey qaybaha sida doog ah, brown iyo casaan algae, spore, gymnosperms iyo angiosperms. jirka algae ka koobnaan kartaa hal unug, oo ah dad badan oo, laakiin ay qaab-dhismeedka waxaa jira jidhadhka lahayn, jidhkaaga oo adag - yeedhay thallus ah. In spore, gymnosperms iyo angiosperms (dhirta ubax) arkay joogitaanka unugyada iyo xubnaha kala. Recent qaybsan daaqsinka iyo generative. hore ee loola jeedaa u baxsado, (istaajiyo iyo caleemo) iyo xididka. Dad badan ayaa la yaabi, "Maxaad caleemo cagaaran," Waa maxay sababta midabka this? Sidoo kale, carruur badan su'aasha ah weydii: "Waa maxay sababta caleemaha cagaaran?" Oo this article waxaan bilaabi doonaa la this topic.

Maxay u yihiin caleemo cagaar ah?

color Tani waxaa sabab u ah joogitaanka chlorophyll. In xilliga dayrta ee Midabka waa laga badiyay iyo xaashida cagaaran waxaa loo beddelay casaan, oranji ama jaalle ah. Maxaad u baahan tahay walax this? Waxaa si fudud u muhiim u tahay dhirta. La'aanteed ma sii socon karto geeddi-socodka photosynthesis by kaas oo nafaqooyinka laga soo saaro. dhirta kiimikada Organic waxaa badanaa laga heli kaliya by habka this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah noocyada ku nool lakabyada hoose ee willing to ah, ma heli iftiin ku filan photosynthesis buuxa, si billaabeen inay ugaarsadaan cayayaan yar yar, sidaas magdhowga la'aanta ah ee xeryahooda organic. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid sundew, dacas marwada iyo wixii la mid ah D..

Si kooban oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka gacanta geedka

Waxay ka kooban tahay xuub plasma ah, derbiga unug of cellulose ah, cytoplasm ah, taas oo ka kooban organelles iyo xuduntii in DNA. cytoplasm wuxuu ka kooban yahay organelles sida: mitochondria ah, ribosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, vacuole (ee qafis jir ah - mid ka mid weyn, in dhallinyarada - yar yar), kakan Golgi ah, iyo plastids (chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts). Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah oo u qabata ay shaqo. Mitochondria soo saaro tamarta, ribosomes synthesize borotiinada reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) abuuraa vacuoles la egyahay uruursado walxaha aan la rabin Oo sidii laxaamad oo iyaga ka baxsan derbiga gacanta adag wax aan macquul aheyn in chloroplasts maraa habka photosynthesis, chromoplasts ku jira pigments, leucoplasts nafaqooyinka reserve ku kaydsan ( asal ahaan, taasi noqde).

Sidee photosynthesis?

Nidaamkan waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee chloroplasts, kaasoo ku yaala cytoplasm ah. organelles Kuwanu waa odnomembrannymi in ay qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah thylakoids - tumeen sidii caleemo khafiif ururiyey wejiyadii - xidhmooyin ah. Waa iyaga oo ku iyo waxa ku jira chlorophyll - taas oo ah sababta caleemo cagaar ah. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, chloroplasts ku jira ribosomes, ku lug Soon ee brotiin, granule noqde, iyo sidoo kale Britain ayaa DNA wareeg ah, kaas oo macluumaad ah waxaa duubay oo ku saabsan walxaha in ay tahay in la dhexsameeysmo gacanta. In geeddi-socodka ah ee photosynthesis, dhirta uu u nuugo qoraxda tamarta, biyaha iyo carbon dioxide iyo siin off oxygen sida a dareen diidmo by-saarka. Falgalka caawin qabtaan isdhexgalka kiimikada si toos ah waa in furta chloroplast (maamulkiisa u buuxinaya).

Waa maxay waxa ay ka kooban tahay oo caleemo bixinayso?

jidhkan lagu ogaan karaa dhawr nooc oo ah unugyada dhirta, iyagu waa afar. Tani epidermis, mesophyll, samaynta unugyada (xylem iyo phloem), iyo unugyada farsamo. Photosynthesis qaadataa meel si hufan ee mesophyll, ama parenchyma ah. Waxaad ka arki kartaa unugyada caleen cagaar ah microscope ka yar. Tani kubada sare - epidermis. Unugyada ku jiray oo si dhow u diyaarin in kasta oo kale, laakiin lakabka this ku jira daloolada oo u oggolaan si uu u nuugo carbon dioxide iyo sii daayo oxygen, iyo sidoo kale nidaaminaya dheelitirka biyaha iyo heerkulka. Parenchyma (mesophyll) waxa loo kala qaybiyaa labo lakab - mid ka mid ah unugyada columnar, kan kale - oo ah geed isbonji la. In hore ee ku jira tiro badan oo ah chloroplasts badan ee labaad. weelasha Xylem bixiyo iyada oo dareere ah la gayn oo xididdada ka si ay caleemaha, i.e. kor iyo phloem sitopodobnyh ka kooban yahay dhuumaha dhex jira oo biyo waa gaadiid hoos. sheet unugyada isku farsamo siiyaan rigidity iyo xasiloonida, qaab gaar ah.