Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Pirs Franklin: Biography, hawlaha iyo dib u eegis

Franklin Pierce - Madaxweynaha Maraykanka ee 1853-57, siday u kala horreeyaan. 14 th oo xiriir ah madaxa gobolka oo aan laga yaabaa wax ku ool ah oo la jahawareerka ka addoonsiga toban sano ka hor Dagaalkii Sokeeye United States ee 1861-65 sannad xisaabeedka ka qabtaan.

nolosha Hore iyo shaqo

Waxa uu ku dhashay on 11/23/1804 ee Hillsborough, New Hampshire, USA. waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid Anna Kendrick iyo Governor of New Hampshire Pirs Bendzhamin. Franklin Pierce ka qeyb galay Bowdoin College ee Maine, sharciga bartay Northampton, Massachusetts, oo helay uu shahaadada sharciga ee 1827. In 1834, wuxuu guursaday Jane Appleton, kaannu aabbihiis ahaa madaxweynaha Bodin iyo caan Whig ah. Lamaanahan ayaa lahaa saddex wiil oo ku dhintay iyo yaraantaadii.

Pirs Franklin galay nolosha siyaasadeed ee New Hampshire sida dimuqraadiga ah oo waxay u adeegeen in sharci-dejinta gobolka (1829-33), Golaha Wakiillada Maraykanka (1833-37) iyo Senate (1837-42). Doonteen, suave, soo jiidasho badan, isagoo gloss dibadda Pierce helay Congress ka badan oo ka mid ah asxaabta, laakiin mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee waxba intiisa kale ma ahaa mid cajiib ah. Wuxuu ahaa taageeraha ugu weyin ee Madaxweynaha Endryu Dzheksona, laakiin waxa ay si joogto ah u dhigay off tirooyinka siyaasadeed ka weyn iyo in ka badan si fiican u yaqaan. Ka dib markii fariistay Senate sababo shakhsi ah, ayuu u Concord, halkaas oo uu u bilaabay in uu dhaqanka sharciga oo waxay u adeegeen sidii Xeer Federaalka District ku soo laabtay.

Magacaabida Madaxweynaha

Marka laga reebo sarkaalka adeegga muddo gaaban socday dagaalkii Mexico-American ah (1846-48), Pierce hadhay ka mid ah dareenka dadweynaha ee Convention National Democratic ee 1852. Ka dib dhacdo ee waaga ka mid ah taageerayaasha ugu tartamaya taasoo keentay Madaxweynaha Kesasa Lewis, Stephen Douglas iyo isbahaysiga James Buchanan ee New England iyo wafdi koonfurta ayaa magacaabay Hickory Young ah (Endryu Dzhekson loo yaqaan Old Hickory ah), iyo Pierce Franklin ayaa waxaa u sharaxan doorashada ee Congress Qaranka 49 ee xisbiga Democratic ee 1852 ee ololaha doorashada madaxtinimada ka socda ayaa waxaa inta badan ku dooda in ka badan addoonsiga iyo ka ganacsiga-off ee 1850. Iyadoo xisbiga iyo Whigs labada isu sheegay in taageerayaasha ugu horeysay u muuqatay in ka badan abaabulan.

Franklin Pierce - Madaxweynaha

Sidaas darteed, ku dhowaad oo aan la garaneyn heer qaran si lama filaan ah looga adkaaday musharaxa doorashada November ee, ka hor in kulliyadda doorashada codsadaha ka Whig Winfield Scott 254 cod halka 42. Liibaan ee Franklin Pierce hareeyeen musiibo ka dhacay dhawr todobaad ka hor uu caleema saarka, markii isaga iyo xaaskiisa Waxaan goob joog dhimashada tareenka ilmahooda badbaaday oo kaliya, 11-sano jir ah Benny. Jane, kuwaas oo uu mar walba ka soo horjeeda musharaxnimada ninkeeda, sidaa darteed marnaba si buuxda ayay uga lama filaan ah ka soo kabsaday.

Waqtiga doorashada Pierce ahayd 47 sano jir. Waxa uu noqday Madaxweynihii ugu da'da yaraa ee taariikhda Mareykanka. La soo bari ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga, oo aawadood oo ah wada noolaanshaha iyo barwaaqo ganacsiga ma taageeraan mucaaradka in ka ganacsiga addoonta iyo isku dayay in uu xaqiijiyo koonfureed, Pirs Franklin isku dayeen in ay gaaraan midnimada by bandhigid galay dhaggan xafiiska uu jagooyinka ba'an labada dhinac.

siyaasadda dibadda

Waxa uu sidoo kale isku dayay in uu ka burinaya adag iska casilo, ambitiously iyo Colnimo u qaadida ballaarinta danaha dhul iyo ganacsi ee Maraykanka dibadda. In si ay u soo iibsadaan jasiiradda of Cuba, ayuu ku amray Safiirka Maraykanka ee Spain in ay isku dayaan in ay hubiyaan in saameynta ay maal-Yurub ee xukuumadda dalka this. Sidaas darteed, in October 1854 waxaa jiray war qoraal ah oo diblomaasiyadeed, oo loo yaqaan Bayaanka Ostend ah. Waxaa la arkay by dadweynaha American sida call inaad gar qalloocisaan Cuba xoogga Spain xoog haddii loo baahdo. muran la raadiyo qasbay maamulka in ay ka tanaasulaan mas'uuliyadda document iyo yeerto danjiraha.

In 1855, dalxiisto American Uilyam Uoker sameeyey duulaan si Central America iyadoo rajada in la dhiso waxaa ay gacanta ku hayaan dowladda Maraykanka in ay taageertaa addoonsiga. In Nicaragua, isagu xaq buu isu dhawaaqay kaligii taliye millatari, ka dibna Madaxweynaha iyo taliska shaki la aqoonsaday Maamulka Pierce.

guusha More adag diblomaasiyadeed ayaa la filaya duulaan hoos amarka Mettyu Perri, in 1853 by Madaxweynaha Millard Fillmore in Japan diray. In 1854, Pirs Franklin Perry ay heleen warbixin ah in uu duulaan ahaa guul iyo Markabka Maraykanka ayaa helitaanka dekedaha Japanese ku koobnayn.

Maamulka madaxweyne ayaa sidoo kale dib u habayn ku adeega diblomaasiyadeed iyo qunsuliyadaha iyo abuuray Maxkamadda Dacwadaha.

siyaasadda gudaha

Pierce diyaarinaya dhismaha tareenka ee transcontinental iyo furitaanka Maraykanka waqooyi-galbeed ee dejinta. In 1853, iyada oo ujeedadu of abaabulka wadada koonfurta gobolka California, danjiraha United States Mexico Dzheyms Gadsden, ku heshiiyeen in ay soo iibsato ku dhowaad 30 kun oo sq M.. miles of territory $ 10 million. In 1854, si loo dhiiri socdaalka si waqooyi-galbeed, iyo kor u dhismaha wadada ugu weyn Badweynta Pacific Pierce saxiixay Xeerka Kansas-Nebraska ah. qiyaastii by kaas oo ay u degaan labada gobol cusub oo la furay waxaa ka mid ahaa la baabiiyo of Meel Dhexe Missouri ee 1820, go'aamiyey mamnuucidda addoonnimada kor ku xusan 36 ° 30 'loolka woqooyi, iyo shardi ah in xaaladda bilaash ah ama addoon ah ee dhulka waa in lagu go'aamiyo dadka deegaanka. sharcigan ayaa sababay caro bilowgii Kansas ee dagaalka hubaysan, taas oo uu noqday sababta ugu weyn ee koritaanka Xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee bartamihii 1850 ee.

Hawlgabka iyo geeri

Sababo la xiriira awood la'aanta Madaxweynaha si loo xaliyo xaaladda dimuqraadiga ayaa diiday inuu Pierce dib-u-magacaabista, oo isagu waa madaxa kaliya ee Maraykanka, kaas oo diiday in ay leedahay xisbiga. Ka dib safar dheer oo Europe, wuxuu degay Concord. Had iyo jeer ku aflagaadeeyay khamriga, wuxuu bilaabay sakhraannimo ah xataa weyn oo ku dhintay mugdiga October 8, 1869.

The Madaxweynayaasha Maraykanka Dzheyms Byukenen, Endryu Dzhonson iyo Franklin Pierce, oo u shaqeeyn jiray ka hor iyo ka dib Dagaalkii Sokeeye, waxaa loo arkaa kuwa ugu xun ee taariikhda dalka. Sida laga soo xigtay saffarro, waxay ahaayeen reactionaries, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay maqlaan dhaleeceyn ama in la tixgeliyo soo jeedinta kale u dhaqmeen si lid ku ah aragtida dadweynaha iyagoo ku baaqaya fikirka addoonsiga iyo cunsuriyadda.