Kan aabbaha of physics ee Soviet? The physicists ugu caansan ee USSR

waxbarashada cilmiga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti qaadeen raxan raxan. Shaqaalaha machadyada cilmi fara badan iyo laboratories ayaa habeen iyo maalinba u shaqayn jiray faa'iido u ah dadka caadiga ah iyo dalka oo dhan. Academy of Sciences ahayd si taxaddar leh si loo hubiyo in, sida a technology, insaaniyadda, xisaabta, farmashiye, dhakhaatiirta, bayoolajiga, geographers jaray dhex ceeryaanta ee la hubin.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fiiro gaar ah la siiyey physicists.

laamood physics

Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee inta badan lahaa mudnaanta more ahaayeen aerospace, diyaaradaha, iyo sidoo kale abuurista technology computer.

Aabbaha physics Soviet

saynisyahano caanka ah ee taariikhda jiray kuwo badan. Liiska cinwaankiisu yahay "The physicists ugu caansan ee USSR ah" oo laga furay Madaxweyne ku xigeenka oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee USSR ah, Academician Ioffe Aabraam Fedorovich. Seynisyahanno ku abuureen dugsiga caanka ah, kuwaas oo waqtiyo kala duwan ayaa dhameystirtay badan oo ka qalin tayo leh. Lama filaan ma aha Aabraam Fedorovich - jirka ah qudbad Soviet, mid ka mid ah kuwa loo yaqaan "awowayaashiis" sayniska this.

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka waxa uu ku dhashay 1880 in Romny, meel u dhow Poltava, in qoyska baayacmushtari. In tuulada hooyo uu, uu helay Wuxuu waxbarashadiisii dugsiga sare, in 1902 ka qalin St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, iyo saddex sano ka dib - University ee Munich. mustaqbalka "aabbe of physics Soviet" The difaacay shaqada ee aad Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Ma aha la yaab leh in da 'yar Aabraam Fedorovich heshay horyaalka ee Doctor of Science.

Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, uu si St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu bilaabay ka shaqeeya machadka Polytechnic hoose ku soo laabtay. Horeba 1911 saynisyahan ka sameeyey daahfurka ugu horeysay oo muhiim ah - ayaa loo aqoonsaday lacag electron ah. xirfadiisa dhaqso u tegey, iyo in 1913 waxaa la dalacsiiyay Professor Joffe.

1918 waa weyn, waayo, taariikhda xaqiiqada ah in ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay cilmiga la furay Kuliyada Physico-Farsamada ee daraasadda Institute of Raajada. Inta lagu guda jiro this ka dib Joffe heshay horyaalka rasmi ah "aabbahaa ka mid ah Soviet oo la eb Ruush."

Tan iyo 1920, wuxuu - oo ah xubin ka mid ah Academy of Sciences.

Intii uu mustaqbalkiisa dheer Joffe ayaa la xiriira Guddiga Petrograd ee Warshadaha, Association of physicists, agrophysical Institute saynisyahano guriga ee St. Petersburg, shaybaar Semiconductor ah.

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida uu madax guddiga of technology military iyo injineernimada.

In 1942 cilmiga shaybaarka u ololeeyay furitaanka, kuna waari dhexdeeda reactions nuclear bartay. Waxaa ku yaalla Kazan. Its magaca rasmiga ah - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy of Sciences."

Yaa loo yaqaan "aabbe u ahaa physics Soviet" marar badan, waxay sidaas Ioffe!

Waxa aanu noqon professor ah October 14, 1960 ee St. Petersburg.

In xasuusta oo ka mid ah busts saynisyahan weyn, raadkeeda, dabarro xusuus waa la arki karo. Magaciisa waxaa la siiyaa caalamka, waddooyinka, square, dugsiga in uu u dhashay Romney.

bohol A ku dayaxa - adeegyada

Yaa loo yaqaan "aabbe u ahaa physics Soviet", sababtoo ah waa mid ka mid ah cilmiga aad u fiican - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Waxa uu ku dhashay April 22, 1879 in Mogilev in an dhakhtar qoys caqliga iyo biyaaniiste.

Tan iyo carruurnimada, Leonid dhallinyarada keentay in ay sayniska, riyaaqay akhriska. Wuxuu bartay ee Odessa iyo Strasbourg.

Yaa loo yaqaan "aabbe u ahaa physics Soviet"? Ninka ay isku dayday sayniska this.

Mandel'shtam bilaabay shaqada sayniska ee Moscow State University tan iyo 1925. Thanks to dadaalka saynisyahano, jaamacadda dib u bilaabay hawl kulliyadaha jirka iyo xisaabta iyo jirka.

The shaqo ugu caansan ee Mandel'shtam ahaa daraasadda of jejebinta iftiinka. Waayo, hawlaha sida cilmiga Indian Raman Chandrasekhar helay Nobel Prize. Inkasta oo uu si joogta ah ayaa sheegay in ay ahayd jirka ah Soviet, Waxaan u lahaa waayo-aragnimo this dhawaad toddobaadkii hore.

Waxa aanu noqon cilmiga ah ee 1944 ee Moscow.

xusuustiisu Mandel'shtam ku derdertay in busts, raadkeeda.

In sharaf of saynisyahan ku magacaaban bohol ah oo ku saabsan dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa.

author ee buugga, oo koray in ka badan hal Qarni

Qayaanay Gregory Samuilovich - mid ka mid ah lagu magacaabo "aabbe u ahaa physics Soviet." Wuxuu ku dhashay 1890 in Vologda.

In 1908 wuxuu ka qalin sharaf dugsiga sare ee Nizhny Novgorod.

In 1913 wuxuu ka Physics iyo Xisaabta Kuliyadda ee Moscow State University qalin. Waxa uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay barayay jaamacadda this.

Waxa uu sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay Beeraha Omsk ah, Moscow Physical-Technical iyo Technical Institute.

In 1923 wuxuu noqday professor ah.

shaqada ugu weyn ee - waxbarasho ee optics iyo spectroscopy. Waxaan helay hab ka mid ah falanqaynta spectral kala duwan ee biraha iyo Alloys, kaas oo in 1941 waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel ee Gobolka.

Wuxuu - aasaasihii oo ka mid ah Institute of Spectroscopy ee Academy USSR ee Sciences iyo School of falanqaynta qaaradda spectral.

Carruurtii Gregory Samuilovich xusuustay sida qoraaga "buugaagta physics hoose," taas oo ka badbaaday daabacayaan joogto ah iyo sanado badan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay sida ugu fiican ee.

Waxa aanu noqon saynisyahan a ee Moscow 1957.

Guulaystey 1978 ee Nobel Prize ee physics

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa ku dhashay June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt ee qoyska ka mid ah injineer military iyo sahmiyaha. Kronstadt dib markii ay kaalinta dugsiga, wuxuu galay St. Petersburg Polytechnic University ee Kuliyada Electromechanics. agaasimaha ugu horeeya ee sayniska ee cilmiga mustaqbalka noqday Aabraam Fedorovich Ioffe.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Kapitsa ahaa garoonka dagaalka tabaruce ahaan - shaqeeyay darawal gaari caafimaad.

Ka dib markii dhigis uu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo X-ray iyo shucaaca oo Institute, kaas oo la daabacay shaqada ugu horeysay sida shaqaale.

In 1921 wuxuu aaday inuu tababarka dheeraadka ah ee UK, ee Cambridge, halkaas oo uu kormeeraha ahaa Ernest Rutherford.

Aqoonyahan Fame beeraha electromagnetic xoog keenay cilmi. In 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. In 1929, Kapitza noqday xubin ka mid ah Society Royal ee London. Isla mar ahaantaana uu la doortay oo maqan in USSR.

In 1930, shaybaar shakhsi Kapitza la dhisay.

saynisyahan The marna ha ilaawin dalkooda iyo inta badan waxay u yimaadeen inay soo booqdaan hooyadiis iyo qaraabada kale.

In 1934 wuxuu ahaa booqasho joogto ah. Laakiin back to England Kapitsa aan la sii daayay, xiganaya gargaarka ay cadawga shisheeye.

Isla sanadkaas, jirka ah, waxaa loo magacaabay Agaasimaha oo ka mid ah Institute of Dhibaatooyinka jireed. In 1935, uu u wareegay Moscow oo joogay asturidda baabuur gaar ah. Waxaa ku dhow isla markiiba bilaabay dhismaha shaybaarka, si la mid ah Ingiriisi. Maalgalinta mashruuca jiray shiidaa aan xad lahayn. Laakiin saynisyahan ah ayaa si joogta ah ayaa sheegay in xaaladaha hadda ka liita Ingiriisi ah.

In 1940 hore, hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee Kapitza uu ula jeedo helo oxygen dareere ah.

In 1945 wuxuu ka qaybgalay mashruuc qarax qaaradda ee Soviet.

In 1955 wuxuu ahaa in kooxda horumarinta satellite ugu horeysay ee aan dabiici ahayn oo ka mid ah caalamka.

shaqada dhalaalaya

Waayo, shaqada "plasma iyo falcelin thermonuclear gacanta ku" in 1978, academician helay Nobel Prize.

Pyotr Leonidovich waa qaataha abaalgudyo iyo abaalmarino badan. Uu qayb sayniska waa si dhab ah qiimo.

Waxa aanu noqon aqoonyahan caan ah ee 1984.

Hadda oo aad ogtahay in kuwii loo yeedhay "qolooyinka reer physics Soviet."