Ivan Puschin: Biography, hal-abuurka. shuqullada Ivana Puschina

Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, kuwaas oo Biography loo soo bandhigi doonaa in this article, ayaa Decembrists, author of-qorka, qiimeeyaha collegiate iyo xaakin maxkamadda Maxkamadda ee Moscow. Laakiin inta badan u ogaado sida saaxiibka ugu dhow ee Pushkin.

Childhood Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

geesiga ah ee qodobkan waxa uu ku dhashay Marino (Gobolka Moscow) ee 1798. wiilka aabbihiis ahaa Senator ah iyo Lieutenant-General Ivan Petrovich oo hooyadiis magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa Alexandra Mikhailovna. In 1811, my awoowe eryay Decembrists mustaqbalka ee Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum ku saabsan waxbarashada. Dabcan, tani ma aha waxa uu doonayay in yar Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Biography at Lyceum la calaamadeeyay by dhacdo weyn - yiqiin la Pushkin. Waxaa ka dhacay mid ka mid ah imtixaannada, oo mar dambe u hormaray saaxiibtinimo diiran. isku daya in dheeraad ah ayaa ka qayb qaatay u dhow qolalka ay. Sida Pushkin iyo Leo ayaa ku hawlan goobo la mid ah. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, saaxiibaday isku khilaafeen arrimo badan. In ka badan hal mar ay is khilaafsan oo ku saabsan waxyaabaha qaarkood iyo dadka.

Daryeel ciidanka

Sannad ka hor Pushin qalin qofka gooyo qudhiisa u yeedheen oo weyddiisteen oo ku saabsan joogitaanka ardayda, kuwaas oo doonaya in ay tagaan ciidamada. Kuwani waxay ku qortay toban qof, oo ay ku jiraan Ivan. Dhawr jeer toddobaadkii, iyo Colonel General Levashev Knabenau ku hawlan iyaga kula layliyada military ee saaxadda hussar ah. Qalinjabinta si deg deg ah "ilaa cuduradaas" imtixaanada. saaxiib Best Pushkina Ivan Puschin ahayd murugo sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in ugu dhakhsaha badan u leeyihiin in ay qeyb saaxiibada, isna wuxuu u noqday inuu qoyska inta lagu guda jiro waxbarasho. Munaasabaddan, in album ee geesiga ah ee qodobkan ardayda uu la shaqayn jiray qoray dhawr gabayo. iyaga dhex yiil, Illichevsky, Delvig Pushkin. Ka dibna, album meel laga badiyay.

Adeegaya in ciidanka

Isla markii qalin Ivan Lyceum ku Puschin, sawir taas oo aad ka arki kartaa in article ah, waxaa la dalacsiiyay saraakiil iyo dhar oo ku labisan dareeska ee ilaalada ka. Laga bilaabo halkan on si ay Alexander kala firdhiyey. By habka, Pushkin waxba ku saabsan waxa Ivan jiro duruusta qaaday hal goobaabin ogaa. Leo mar mar kaliya ku xusan oo uu xubin ka, laakiin ma sheegaan faahfaahinta. Oscho Waxaan ka hadli doonaa oo ku saabsan this ka dib. Waa in la ogaadaa in Alexander runta ma u ogaato.

Kulan cusub Pushkin

Bishii Janaayo 1820 Ivan Puschin, kuwaas oo Biography waa in buugaag badan oo suugaanta, u baxay inuu Bessarabia Walaashiis buka. Waxaa uu ku qaatay afar bilood. Ku soo laabtay on waddooyinka Belarus, Ivan eryay xarunta boostada iyo ku dhacay magaca kitaabkii martida ee Pushkin arkaan. kormeeraha u sheegay in Alexander u sii socotay inay u shaqeeyaan. Dhab ahaantii, Abwaan soo diray maxaabiis koonfureed. "Waxa ay noqon doontaa inoo aheyd inaan la aaddey isaga," - uu ku qoray qorkiisa Puschin Ivan Ivanovich uu. Saaxiibtinimada la Pushkin dib u bilaabay shan oo kaliya ka dib markii sano.

In 1825, geesiga of this article, ogaaday in Alexander loo diray gobolka Pskov ah. Iyo Ivan baxday rabitaan xoog leh si ay u booqdaan saaxiibkey hore. Si aad u bilowdo, wuxuu damacsanaa inuu u safri ka Moscow si St. Petersburg in ay u dabaal Christmas qoysaskooda. Markaasuu wuxuu u tegey inuu walaashiis, oo halkaas uga meesha musaafurinta Pushkin - tuulada Mikhailovskoye. Friends isku dayeen in ay ka safar this ka joojiya Ivan, sida Alexander iyada oo ay kormeerayaan ma aha oo kaliya booliska laakiin sidoo kale sheekh ahaa. Laakiin Leo ma aysan dooneynin inay dhegaystaan. Friends kulan ee January 1825, ka dhigay aragti xooggan oo ku saabsan labada. Later, Alexander qoray gabay ah oo ku saabsan. Waxa uu ahaa kulan ee ugu danbeysay ee ay.

goobo qarsoon

Waa maxay u sheegin ma jirin Pushkin Ivan Puschin inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada ee Lycée ah? Waqtigaas, geesiga of this article dhacay si ay ula kulmaan dadka mustaqbalka, ka qaybqaatay abuurista Society Northern ah, Ururka Samafalka iyo dhacdooyinka on 14 December. Ivan wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah xubnaha ugu caansan ee wareegga this. Sababtan awgeed, iyo adeega ciidamada Puschina ma dheer socon. Waxay kaliya ma isaga u siiyaan meel loogu xaqiijinta caqiidadiisa. Ka dib bixitaankii Ivan ee hay'adda gobolka fadhiistay, ka dibna qaatay kursiga xukumaadda ee Waaxda koowaad ee wadada Maxkamadda Moscow.

doonayaan isbedel

Adeegga Change ahaa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in geesiga of this article jeclaan lahaa inaad cusboonaysiiso jawiga of-xafiiseedyada, taas oo, in uu ra'yi, siiyey urin karo. Meel kasta waxaa boqor ka chicanery kharribaadda iyo laaluush. Ivan Puschin rajaynayo in uu tusaale ahaan ka mid ah adeegyada daacad ah faa'iido u ah dadka ku dhiiri gobta ula wareego waajibaadka xilkiisa ka mid ah taas oo uu leeyahay oo dhan awoodaha soo socda xilka ka.

North Society

Qeybtii hore ee boqortooyada ee Alexander I khilaafeen niyadda faraxsan sabab u kaca ee miyir bulshada. Laakiin markaas wax walba oo bedelay. In dowladda wareegyada bedelay views on arrimo badan oo bulshada. Tani waxay hoos u rajada mustaqbal wanaagsan waayo, qaar badan oo ka mid ah wareegyada sare, mid ka mid ah oo ay ka mid Ivan Puschin. Marka tan la eego, waxaa dhacday inay soo jiidashada safka hore in ay shaqo ee Kacaanka. Si cad u galaan hawlaha sida kari waayeen, sidaas kooxood ayaa loo beddelaa urur qarsoodi ah.

Ivan ahaa xubin ka mid ah bulshada Northern ah. Madaxa ururka this Ryleev, iyo sidoo kale Leo, ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay adeegga military in ay dadka rayidka ah. Si wada jir ah waxay la dirireen reer Jaahil ah oo xun. Laakiin u dhaw 1825 siyaasadda ku sii bilaabay inuu dhex gelin galay barnaamijka. Waxa daruuri ahayd in la sameeyo wax. Iyo xubno ka tirsan bulshada Northern waxay bilaabeen inay yeeshaan qorshe hawleed.

fallaago ee Decembrists ah

December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin la Obolensky taagnaa Square Senate ka. Dhow ahaayeen Decembrists kale. Later Kiichelbecker (lycée saaxiibkiisa) siiyo cadayn iyaga ka gees ah. Waxa uu sheegay in Odoyevski, Bestuzhev, Schepin-Rostovsky, Obolensky iyo Leo ahaayeen madaxda degaanka iyo isaga oo keentay in ay toogtaan Voinov Guud, Duke Grand ah. Ivan qudhiisa ayaa beenisay eedeymaha this. Leo ahaa mid aad u horana by badnaa, oo waxaa loo arkaa mid sirkaal ah, aqoon la'aan hat ah. Wareegsan isaga waxaa loo sheegay in ay ahayd basaas. Markaas Ivan lagula talinayaa in ay joogaan way ka. Yaa ahaa macaamiloodeen askariga dharbaaxo, geesiga of this article ma arag. Sidaas darteed, su'aashu waxay tahay in Leo sameeyey ee Square Senate, weli waa furan. Wuxuu waxba kuma uu hadlin wax ku saabsan, oo sanado badan ka dib in "Notes of Decembrist ah."

xiraan

In fiidkii, December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin, sawir ah in mar hore waa in kiiska dembiyada ka dhanka ah Decembrists ah, ayaa la qabtay oo ay la socdaan xubno kale oo ka Society Northern ah. Waxay la xidhay ee Peter iyo Paul qalcadda. Intii su'aalaha boolisku, Ivan diidi walba ama waxba. Maxkamadda ayaa laga helay Pushin u dambi ah regicide qorshaynta iyo ka qayb it in. geesiga ah ee qodobkan waxaa lagu abaal category ugu horeysay sar dambiilayaasha gobolka. xukunka Final - dil by wiilo. Lix bilood ka dib, maxkamadda yareeysay cadaabka, diiday oo safafka Ivan iyo isaga fogeeyey in shaqada weligeed adag in Siberia. In dhowr bilood muddada la dhimay ilaa 20 sano.

shaqada adag

Marka in Siberia Ivan Puschin, kuwaas oo Biography la og yahay in dhammaan xiiseyneysay Pushkin, uu ku qaatay dhowr sano oo xabsi ah. Naftiisa ka ahaa gaar ahaan adag. Oo erayga "addoonnimada" waxaa laga codsadaa in ay ka Decembrists, kuwaas oo fadhiya waxaa xabsiyada kala duwan, oo kaliya in dareenka caadiga ah. Waxay ku noolaa qoys dhow-xidhantay, marti wax a xeryaha sida University ay u galaan shaqada maskaxda. Leo ayaa sidoo kale la Mukhanov Zavalishin iyo aasaasay ururka yar. Waxay ka caawiyey xubnaha yar oo kuwa tuulada yimid. Oo weliba waxaa jiray iskaashi wargeyska in bixisaa daabacayaa Decembrists iyo buugaagta ee maadooyinka kala duwan ah (oo ay ku jiraan mamnuuc).

In xabsi ku Chita ah, Leo dhaqaaqay "Notes Franklin." Ivan ahayd tii u doonanayd oo kaliya qaybta hore. Second turjumay saaxiibkiis - Shteygel. Ready "Notes Franklin" diray qaraabo Mukhanova ah, laakiin nasiib daro, qoraaladii lumay. Ivan soo gurya la mid ah tusaale ahaan lahaa in la burburiyay intii burg kormeerka, tan iyo khad ayaa mamnuuc ah, wuxuuna u darbay Decembrists tahriibiyay.

Western Siberia

Thanks to Bayaanka ugu sarreeya 1839 Pushin ka fooshii ku sii daayay. Waxa uu eryey si ay u degaan ee magaalada Turinsk (Western Siberia) ee 1840. Afarta sano ee soo socota, Ivan shaqeeyay horrayn akhriska buugaagta. cimilada Siberian xun u saameyn caafimaadkooda. Laga soo bilaabo 1840 in Pushchin kiiska si joogto ah qalal chronic. In xiriir this, uu ku qoray warqad codsi ah si ay u gudbiyaan si Yalutorovsk. Waxaa la siiyey, iyo ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan Ivan ku noolaa guriga isla Obolensky. Markaas, oo xidhiidh la leh saaxiibkiisa guur Leo guurtay guri gaar ah galay.

Waxa intaa dheer in Ivan, Yalutorovsk ahaayeen kale Decembrists. Basargin, Tizengauzen, Iakushkin, Ants-Apostol, iwm waxay si joogto ah u tageen booqasho ku tagay geesiga of this article. At kulamadaasi Decembrists u ciyaaray kaararka, wada hadlay iyo horumarkii ugu dambeeyay siyaasadeed iyo N. sidaas on. Ivan caadaysatay fashaan oo waqti badan ku qaatay beerta. Laakiinse caafimaad ma hagaajiyo. Leo cabteen Gorchakov (Governor-General of Western Siberia) si ay u gudbiyaan si Tobolsk la tashi la dhakhaatiirta.

Daaweynta iyo xoriyada

Ka dib markii dhaqaaqin, iyo daaweynta aasaasiga ah ee Ivan ahaa wax yar ka fiican. In Tobolsk wuxuu arkay saaxiib muddo dheer Bobrischevym-Pushkin. Si wadajir ah saaxiibada shaqeeyay on turjumaad ah ee Pascal. Ka dib markii soo laabtay Leo markii qaar ka mid ah uu ahaa in caafimaad wanaagsan, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan weerarrada dib u bilaabay. In 1849, uu mar kale u jawaabay Gorchakov isaga diro si loogu soo daweeyo. Wakhtigan biyo Turin. kharashka safarka oo dhan ayaa la soo shubayaa of khasnaddii. Waxaa Leo arkay Bestuzhev iyo saaxiibo kale oo uu. Lix bilood ka dib, Ivan in Yalutorovsk soo laabtay. On xoriyadda geesiga of this article yimid ka dib markii manifesto ee 1856, ku qaatay in maxaabiis ahaan muddo 16 sano ah.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

In 1858, Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, kuwaas oo Biography la og yahay in kooxo badan oo Pushkin guursaday Natalia Fonvizina (xaaskiisa caanka Decembrist, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1854). Dhowr bilood ka dib markii arooska, geesiga of this article ayaa dhintay. Pushin Bronnitsi aasay meel u dhow katedraalka. xabaashii waxa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow xabaashii Fonvizina M. A.

Shuqullada Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay "Notes Franklin" kor ku xusan, qoray geesiga of this article ka tirsan tahay "Notes on saaxiibtinimo la Pushkin" (1859) iyo "Notes of Decembrist ah" (1863). The ugu horeysay ee qaab dhamaystiran baxay in shaqada Maikova ku saabsan taariikh nololeedka ee Abwaan. Ivan Alexander lahaa dareenka ugu curdan tahay laga bilaabo wakhtiga waxbarasho ee Lyceum ah. Sidaa darteed, "Xusuusaha" ayaa waxay xaladii Kalgacayl walaalnimo isku wada iyo Shukaansiga daacad ah.

Shaqada Tani Pushin Ivan Ivanovich ma aha kooban. Waxa uu sidoo kale leeyahay "Waraaqo ka Yalutorovsk" (1845) si Engelhardt. Waxay Ivan ayuu yidhi agaasimaha hore ee noloshaada. Waxa uu sidoo kale la wadaaga fikirradiisiina wuu ku saabsan amarada Siberian, saraakiisha maxalliga ah iyo sharciga 1842., by kaas oo qastaan ee dalka siiyey hanti ahaan, la siiyo hawl daaweyn lacag la'aan. Guud ahaan, qoraal ahaan Engelhardt ku jira dhibco badan oo wanaagsan, oo gaar ah si ay u horumarsan qofka, aqoon.