Hydrobromic acid. Hababka loo diyaarinta, jirka iyo guryaha kiimikada

acid Hydrobromic (sidoo kale loo yaqaan bromide hydrogen) - waa xarunta ah ka imanba ee hydrogen (H) la bromine (br). Waa gaas midab, kuwaas oo foomamka ceeryaanta qaro hawada qoyan.

Maxay yihiin hababka loo helo bromide hydrogen

Sababta oo ah heerka sare ee bromovodoronoy oxidizability acid, saamayn ma laga heli karaa iyadoo qofka la xoog acid sulfuric in bromides biraha alkali. reaction soo socda dhacdaa:

2KBr (bromide potassium) + 2N2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = K2SO4 (potassium sulfate) + SO2 (xabagta baaruud) + Br2 (Britain bromine) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah)

1. In acids warshadaha helo sida hydrobromic, by dareen-celin ah oo ay xubno ka dastuurka fal fuliyay. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ayaa ka fiirsaneysa inay maalkii laga heli karaa sida soo socota:

H2 (Britain hydrogen) + Br2 (Britain bromine) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

reaction Tani waa macquul at heerkul ah 200 ilaa 400 digrii.

2. Waxa kale oo suuragal ah si loo helo acid ah hydrobromic giisa iyo siyaabo dhowr ah.

- by pentabromide hydrolysis ama tribromide fosfooraska:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (saddex taagoo biyo ah) = H3PO3 (acid phosphoric) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, formula kiimikada)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (afar taagoo biyo ah) = H3PO4 (acid phosphoric) + 5HBr (bromide hydrogen)

- by yareynta bromine:

3Br2 (saddex taagoo bromine) + S (baaruud) + 4H2O (oo biyo ah) = (reaction waxaa suurtagal ah heerkulka a of 100-150 degrees) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 6HBr (bromide hydrogen)
3Br2 (saddex taagoo bromine) + KNO2 (nitrite potassium) + 4H2O (oo biyo ah) = KNO3 (amooniyam potassium) + 2HBr (bromide hydrogen)

- barakiciyay ka dhigan tahay iyadoo lagu milo acid ka bromides biraha alkali:

KBr (bromide potassium) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (hydrogensulfate potassium) + HBr (sii daayay sida gaaska)

3. Sida bromide hydrogen by-saarka ah waxaa laga heli karaa in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic bromoproizvodnyh.

The guryaha jirka ah ee bromide hydrogen:

1. acid hydrobromic - gaas oo aan midab isagoo ur xun oo pungent. Xoog u cabba hawada. Waxay leedahay iska-caabbinta sare si heerkulka.

2. Waa hagaag kala diri ee H2O (oo biyo ah), iyo ethanol si ay u sameeyaan elektrolytka ah. The xal aqueous HBr foomamka azeotrope in booguhu at heerkul ah 124 digrii. In hal litir oo biyo ah u kala diray ku dhawaad nus litir ah bromide hydrogen (at 0 digrii).

3. Habka of qaboojinta xal aqueous of hydrates crystalline bromide hydrogen laga yaabaa in loo diyaar garoobo sida soo socota: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. foomamka bromide Nadiifi kiristaalo of nidaamka crystal orthorhombic, koox meel F mmm.

5. At heerkul ah -66,8 digrii noqdo dareere ah, iyo - 87 degrees adkaynayaa.

guryaha kiimikada ee bromide hydrogen:

1. Foomamka acid hydrobromic by ficil biyo ah acid waa xoog badan yahay monobasic. reaction Tani waa sida soo socota:

HBr + H2O (oo biyo ah) = Br- (anion bromine) + H3O + (ra'iyi hydronium)

2. qalab Tani waa mid u adkaysata heerkulka sare, si kastaba ha ahaatee, at 1000 degrees oo ku saabsan 0.5% dhammaan taagoo yihiin giirte:

2HBr (acid hydrobromic) = H2 (Britain hydrogen) + Br2 (Britain bromine)

3. xiriir tixgeliyaa xarunta kiimikada ay sameynayso kala duwan ee biraha iyo sidoo kale saldhigyada iyo oxides. Tusaalooyinka falcelin:

2HBr + mg (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium) + H2 (sii daayay sida gaaska)
2HBr + Cao (calcium xabagta) = CaBr2 (bromide calcium) + H2O (oo biyo ah)
HBr + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (sodium bromide) + H2O (oo biyo ah)

4. bromide sidoo kale wakiil u ah yareynta. Waxaa la oxidized hawada si tartiib ah. Sababtan awgeed, xal ay aqueous muddo ka dib rinjiyeeyay brown. reaction wuxuu noqon doonaa sida:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (Britain oxygen) = 2Br2 (Britain bromine) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah)

codsiga

Bromide waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo abuuro (Avv) ee taagayo kala duwan bromine organic iyo diyaarinta bromides biraha kala duwan. Muhiimad gaar ah waa bromide lacag lagu isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee filimada qalabka sawiro.

Sidee gaadiidka

dhululubada 68, ama capacitance of 6.8 litir cadaadis of 24 atmospheres.