Helicopter V-12: Tilmaamo iyo sawirka

Taariikhda helicopter ah ee dalka uu leeyahay xidid socday markii ay bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Nasiib darro, ee ugu horeysay ee muhiimadda gaarka ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti in horumarinta iyo dhismaha helicopters ma siin in ay keentay in farqiga weyn ula Maraykanka. Wax walba bedelay ka dib dagaalkii Kuuriya. Markaasaa waxaa u soo baxay in Maraykanka la oolnimada sare oo isticmaalaya diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca hawlaha sahan iyo curyaamin. Sidaa darteed, hoggaanka dalka ayaa amar ku bixiyay in si degdeg ah ka qasbo horumarinta helicopters qoyska.

By bartamihii-50s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay halyeeyga MI-6 la abuuray, sidoo kale loo yaqaan "lo'da". Ilaa iyo hadda, helicopter waxaa loo arkaa in ay horyaalka ka mid ah diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca ee size iyo tanka xamuulka. Laakiin dhowr ogahay in Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa la abuuray by helicopter iyo B-12 (sidoo kale loo yaqaan MI-12) kale, awoodda taas oo ahayd ka badan in ka mid ah halyeeyga "sac!"

Warbixin kooban oo ku saabsan abuurista mishiinka

Ka dib markii la abuurayo si dhab ah Rafaa Mi-6 ah, oo dhan injineerada keentay iyo samaynta OKB madax by M. L. Milem sii waday in ay u maleeyaan in suurtagalnimada ee sii kordhaysa ee size iyo miisaanka of helicopters aan la daalan. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyo ciidanka iyo dhaqaalaha dalka sida hawada looga baahan yahay diyaarad cusub. jihada of the-off ka qaaddid oo ahayd in ay noqdaan toosan, oo awood u leh inay qaado xamuulka - 20 metrik ama in ka badan. Qadarka ugu sareeya mil la siiyey "badankana" si ay u horumariyaan helicopter cusub, abuurista oo la aasaasay sannadkii 1959.

In 1961 waxaa soo saaray a shuruudaha rasmiga ah ee tixraaca. Waxa ay tilmaamaysaa abuurka ah ee helicopter ah oo awood u qaadaya xamuulka ah oo miisaankeedu yahay aan ka yarayn 20 ama 25 tons. Laakiin xitaa a helicopter V-12 - ma aha xad ah ee codsiyada ciidamada Soviet iyo beeralayda. Sidaas daraaddeed, waqti isku mid ah in xafiiska la shaqeeyay version of mishiinka, oo awood u qaadeen 40 tan oo xamuul (B-16 / Mi-16). Waa in la ogaadaa in mashaariic la mid ah ayaa la bartay iyo Maraykanka, laakiin waxa ay sii wadi Dakatu ma uusan helin. Laakiin mil shaqada ugu dambeyntii ku qanciyey golaha dhexe ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee dhabta ah abuurista helicopter noocan oo kale ah.

In 1962, ergo farsamo oo mar kale dib u habaynta. Injineerada jiray ee la baray in ay diiradda saaraan abuurista helicopter ah oo leh qol xamuul ah, oo la mid ah in sifooyinka in ka mid ah diyaarad OKB Antonov. Waxaa loo maleeyey in mishiinka cusub waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka long-distance qalabka kala duwan ee ciidamada, oo ay ku jiraan ballistic daydo gantaalo Intercontinental 8K67, 8K75 iyo 8K82. Taasi waxa ay ku abuuray helicopter Mi-12 horrayn ujeedooyin milatari.

The versions koowaad ee khariidad

Ku dhowaad dhammaan maadooyinka nuurar helicopter gudaha iyo Western rumeysan yahay in abuurka ah ee helicopter noocan oo kale ah ugu wanaagsan ee ku haboon si fiican u bartay iyo sidoo kale-xaqiijiyay nidaamka gaadhya. Iyadoo-Yak 24 waxaa la geeyay si ay u sahamiyaan fursadaha ay ciidanka. Iyo Maraykanka oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay this helay "Boeing-e» V-44. Waxaa injineerada ay tusaale ahaan dunida dhabta ah ayaa baadhay dhibaatada saamayn is on kasta rotors kale. Kuwii xirfad loo baahan yahay si aad u ogaato sida loo dhaqmo kaliya labo motor xaaladaha kala duwan ee duulimaadka iyo hawlgalka sidii laga yaabaa in ugu faa'iidada badan in ay ka faa'iidaystaan Bannaanka gaadhya, halka laga fogaado cillado ay waaweyn. feature A oo ka mid ah B-12 ayaa noqday boolal beehsa. Tan iyo markii koorsada imtixaanka waa khatar dhab ah xirmi xubno sita ayaa la aqoonsaday, waxay lahaayeen in la dhigaa meel xirmi ugu yar. Waayo, xataa lahaa si ay allabari qaar ka mid ah tayada aerodynamic of mishiinka cusub.

Sidaas darteed, sooctey si buuxda u dayn inay la kulmaan farsamada khaaska, sida uu noqday mid aad u weyn oo tiraddoodu. Laakiin xitaa ma xaqiiqada waa faa'iido ugu weyn ee design this. injineerada yaraysi aasaasiga ah iyo dhimasho jiifay ee xaqiiqda ah in qaadashada hawada ka mid ah group engine waxay ahaayeen ku dhowaad ku dhow in outlet dhammayn kale ah. Horeba imtixaanada, waxa la ogaaday in matoorada ee xaaladahan tahay in ay bateen. Oo waa in diyaarad dhabta ah furin ben iyo khasaaro daqiiqad of control. Sayidka, Mi-12 ah - helicopter ah, nuqulkii hore ee oo samaynta soo food leh dhibaatooyin badan.

Intaa waxaa dheer, baaritaan dheeraad ah ee nidaamka gaadhya ayaa keentay in gabagabo niyad jab, waayo, kaasu ma ogola in la gaaro saqafka duulimaadka suurto gal ugu sareeya. The xawaaraha iyo miisaanka of load in la qaaday oo aan ku jiray ilaa par. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu ogaaday in ay dhacdo failure of labo ka mid ah afar matoorada mashiinka dhaco dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah. Oo waxaa lagu cadeeyay in marka saqafka dayuurada, iyo marka duulaya xaaladda heerkulka yar yahay, xoogga matoorrada waxaa si weyn u dhimay. Taasi waa sababta ay samaynta wareeg gaadhya si wadajir ah ay go'aansadeen in ay diidaan.

cilmi Continued

Sam ML mil jeediyey yimaadaan si ay Luulyo la tixgelin rajada ee qorsheyaasha kale ee qaab-dhismeedka sooctey. First, khubaro soo jeediyay isticmaalka qaabka a-hal rotor si fiican u bartay. Laakiin waxaa la ogaaday in nidaamka la rotor jet-shaqeeya ah waxay leeyihiin in la siiyo ilaa (sababta oo ah baaxadda baahneyn weyn) baaritaanka ku xiga. Laakiin sidoo kale drive a farsamo soo baxday in trick ah. Inta lagu jiro imtixaanka waxaa la ogaaday in design marsho jirsado haday dhib badan. First, caqabad ku ah isku dayayaan in ay la qabsadaan, qaadashada laba qalabka caadiga ah ee Mi-6, oo waxay u geliya on usheeda dhexe taageero ah.

Si loo jaangooyo injineerada xitaa loo isticmaalaa design geedku fur caadiga ah ee Ni-6. Xaaladdan oo kaliya loo isticmaalo talooyinkaas kariska dherer weyn. Sidaas daraaddeed in B-12 (helicopter) isku dayay intii suurtogal ah si la isu waafajiyo la tijaabooyinka kale ee farshaxanka si loo yareeyo kharashka ay abuurka iyo dayactirka. Hoogay, ee hab wakhti in la abuuro wax sidan oo kale waxa ay aheyd ku dhawaad aan macquul aheyn. ka dibna waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay bilaabaan wax soo saarka ee marawaxadaha si xor ah meel la qodaa toosan. Waxaa sidaas si toos ah hoos ugu weyn ee marsho. matoor gaaska ku xiran darina by yahay dhuumaha gaar ah.

In muuqashadii this, marawaxadaha laftiisa wax dhisid ah waxaa aad u fududeeyey, tan iyo ma waxa loo baahan yahay ee geerka qeebta dheeraad ah. Dhibaatadu waxay ahayd in wax soo saarka ee gear-xawaaraha hooseeyo ballaciisu yahay in yar ka badan afar mitir - sidoo kale waa hawsha aad u adag. Indeed, tan dambe ayaa lahaa u janjeera in ay is burburinta. Waxaa laga yaabaa in, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, in shil diyaaradeed ee Suuriya (04.12.16.) Ka dhacay si hufan sababta oo ah failure ee reducer motor ah.

Imaanshiyaha hannaankii transverse dhismeedka qolof

Ayaa la soo gudboonaadey, kuwaas oo dhan caqabado gaar ah, in 1962 khubarada OKB mil ugu danbeyn go'aansaday in ay ka tanaasulaan fikirka ah ee a "tijaabo-hal engine." Waxay dib ugu nidaamka raacay laba matoorada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay ka shaqeeyaan kala duwanaansho ah oo la heshiis ah engine transverse. Waxaa sidaas noqday helicopter ah, "12", taas oo uu leeyahay sawiro in this article.

Dabcan, waxa aan sameeyo kiiskan oo aan caqabado. Intaas oo dhan waxaa darey by xaqiiqada ah in diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca ee size this dunida oo dhan ninna weligii dhisay. Iyadoo la raacayo, ee injineerada Soviet lahaa in ay qaataan on shaqada adag ee Horseedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saynisyahano in dalalka reer galbeedka ay si joogta ah isku dayeen in ay abuuraan rotorcraft ah nidaamka this. Laakiin waxay si joogta ah dhibayay la fashilaad.

Xataa qaar ka mid ah khubarada qoyska ka TsAGI rumeysan yahay in aysan wax qiime dhibaato loogu iyadoo heshiis transverse of matoorrada. Of Mile iyo saaxiibtiis ma ma cabsiiyo. khubaro karti leh si kalsooni leh u abuuray qabyo ah ugu horeysay oo ay ku cadaato in ay guddi xukuumadda ka hor meelmar ah. Ka dib markii in, helicopter ah ee dunida ugu weyn Mi-12, waxay ahayd "bilowday nolosha."

Diririna gariirka

Mar kale, kooxda ayaa si buuxda u tixgeliyaan waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan ka faa'iiday shaqaalaha OKB I. P. Bratuhina. The ugu adag ahaa design nuurka ku filan iyo kooxaha consoles'ka rafaasad xoog leh. Xulashada la diyaarad a classic qaab garabka kaliya u lahaa in la tuuraa, tan iyo cabbir loo baahan yahay ee helicopter ah oo qayb ka this ee design helo mid aad u culus oo eheeyn. Waxa daruuri ahayd in la abuuro Console ah in la gabi ahaanba waxaa u tudhay lahaa dhibaatooyinka ka kacay vibrations degna wiifto ah iyo daganaansho la'aanta kale. Laakiin ugu halis ahaa suurtagalnimada ee soo koraya resonance ah hawada firfircoon, kuwaasi oo ay si gaar ah u bandhigi boolal aasaaskii laastikada. Taas darteed, V-12 ee helicopter, sifooyinka oo aynu ku tilmaami, fursad kasta si ay u dhici gooni hawada.

Marka la prototypes ugu horeysay shaqada la dhammeeyo, imtixaanka bilowga ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la fuliyo si toos ah dukaanka, si qaar ka mid ah ceebaha xoqdo, haddii ay jiraan wax, inay si degdeg ah loo saxo, iyadoo aan waqti lumin. Si loo gaaro saamaynta horyaalka, xadhkaha firfircoon gaarka ah iyo gariireyaasha in shabahaya dareenka resonant ka timi wareeg ee fur la isticmaalo. Waa in la ogaadaa in xataa in keligiis la alifay ee shaqaalaha oo dhan si fudud ku Abaal laga yaabaa, sida mana jiraan wax la mid ah in industry diyaaradaha dunida aan la sameeyay. Wax yar ka dib natiijada baaritaanka xaqiijiyay saxnimada xisaabaha. Oo by 1967 helicopter waxaa laga helay si buuxda diyaar u ah imtixaanka dhabta ah diyaarad.

sifooyinka Gundhiga ah ee helicopter ah

Sayidka, ee helicopter V-12 ahaa mashiinada afar-iyo-gaadiidka, dhisay on cross-qaybta jaantuska kacaan. ROTOR ayaa laga soo amaahday MI-6. Waxay ahaayeen ku lifaaqan dhammaadka dheer cantilever ah. Nasiib darro, go'aankan ma ahayn arrin sax ah, maxaa yeelay, Mi-6 fur, kaas oo sidoo kale ma aha size aad u yar, waxay ahayd si cad aan ku filnayn. Waxaan u lahaa in uu ku qasbo matoorada ku. More hufan, Edo Solov'eva abuuray noocyada gooni ah A motor-25F, kuwaas oo awood markiiba kor u kacay ilaa 6500 litir. a. dhibaato iyagoo baalashooda, kuwaas oo bixiya for waxqabadka wanaagsan ee aerodynamic siiyey a V-qaabeeya iskutallaabta qaybta aan lahaa.

Si toos ah qaybta dhexe reducer scripting design ku kacaan, loo isticmaalo jab usheeda dhexe gudbinta. Its yadiisa ma been .Wadashaqayntaas kaamil ah boolal oo dhan, iyo shaqada fiican ee ay swash iyo awoodda si siman loo qaybiyo stress si ay u ogolaanaya horyaalka xitaa marka labada matoorada ku guuldareystay hal dhinac! Shidaal ayaa gareeyeen labadaba garabka iyo taangiyada gaar ah dhajinta. Saamayntii xal sida la cadeeyay sida helicopter ah ee dunida ugu weyn Mi-12 dhigay diyaarad hal mar ka Moscow si Ahtubinsk.

Features of sooctey

sooctey waxaa soo saaray sida ay monocoque nidaamka fikradeed. Sida macneeyeen dhigay mid ka mid ah takhasuska shisheeye waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay baaraan helicopter ah, gudaha, sida ay ahayd a "cathedral Gothic Rafaa." Waxaan qabsadeen hore oo dhan shaqaale qol ah, kaas oo ahaa laba sheeko, iyo in la siiyo raaxo qabanin waqti for duuliye ah. Guud ahaan, waxaa ku yiil lix chelochek markabka. Oo afar iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan dabaqa koowaad, iyo inta kale - on labaad. qayb dabada ayaa waxaa soo caga sallaan xoogga iyo xidhitaanka sacadda.

design Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa (isticmaalaya winches koronto awood badan) si kor loogu qaado on board xataa taangiyada iftiinka, ma codsan karo in this dadaal weyn. Ka dib oo dhan, V-12 ee helicopter, kuwaas oo ballan ahayd da'deeda oo military, lahaa in ay fursad u leeyihiin in. The qol dhexe weyn meel laga yaabaa in 200 askari ee marsho buuxa iyo 158 dhaawacmay (la proviso in ugu yaraan ¾ ahaayeen bareelo ah). Waxaa ku yaal hoos dabada sooctey, nooca diyaaradda sameeyey, qalabaysan wiishashka. Gaar ahaan muhiim ahaa shukaanaha ku xidhnaa, oo si weyn u hagaajin karaa saxnaanta helicopters gacanta horyaalka. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey iyada oo synchronizer ee lala hab ay gacanta garoonka of boolal.

Guud ahaan, ay gacanta ku soo wareegtaa hareeraheeda B-12 tan hadhay caadiga ah ee helicopters oo dhan oo iskutallaabta design a. Sayidka, wiishka waxaa nidaaminaya hufan rotors variable-garoonka. Sidoo kale waa in la xakameeyo eexda ee helicopter ah. Mashiinnada ay mas'uul ka ahaayeen waxqabadka miisaamid gaadhya, garoonka xilliile ah (isbedel ee ay qaab ciyaareed) qabsato yaabaa jihada mooshin ee helicopter ah.

Ammaanka - First!

Dhammaan nidaamka gacanta helicopter iyo fiilooyinka ayaa loogu talagalay iyada oo la tixgelinayo halista suurtogalka ah ee dhalanrog iyo heerar sare oo khilaaf. In uu yahay, xoogga la saaray xaq u leeyihiin inay xidhaan iska caabin ah. Waxaa loogu talagalay in laba marxaladood. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxay ahaayeen Sammeecado Haydarooliga hoose iyo sare, iyo Koox ka mid ah synchronizers automatic, aad bay u nayaa gacanta ugu helicopter ah oo afar matoorada. nidaamka ugu weyn ee Haydarooliga waxaa lagu haynayaa qol la mid ah sida gear ugu weyn. The Sammeecado ugu muhiimsan, marka lagu daro, shiday by nidaamka dib-up, oo ku yaalla midigta iyo nacelles tagay. Guud ahaan waxaa jira saddex hababka Haydarooliga. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah uu ahaa gabi ahaanba maamulka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale si gaar ah labalaabka. Marka la soo koobo, helicopter ah ee dunida ugu weyn Mi-12, oo sidoo kale ahaa ugu kalsoonaan karo.

jiifku ee mishiinka tan iyo Dakatu ugu horeysay soo jeediyay bishkleetiga. Under ee beeraha bidix iyo midig, siday u kala horreeyaan, lahaa ay ku taaganyihiin gaar ah. Under qol ahaa aasaasiga ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay diyaarad loo isticmaalay absorbers lama filaan ah nooca guriga "hybrid": ee Hydraulics iyo Pneumatics. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jiray taageero dabada kaabayaal ah, kuwaas oo ku lug lagu jiro loading of mashiino culus. helicopter cusub aasaas ahaan nidaamka cusub ee navigation Waxaa la soo saaray oo u oggolaan ku dhagreen, in xaaladaha cimilada ugu kasin. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray autopilot ah iyo nidaamka si toos ah habaysaa xawaaraha wareeg ah boolal ah. Sidaas daraaddeed in helicopter ah V-12, dhismaha oo aannu ku tilmaamay, in la si ammaan ah ka mid ah swatches technology ugu horumarsan tirin karo.

Duulimaadyo hore iyo bilowgii imtixaanka

Dhamaadkii June 1967 markii ugu horeysay mishiinka kacay hawada. Waa in la ogaadaa in ee horyaalka ugu horeysay, waxaa la ogaaday in ay jiraan kale, nidaam gaar ah oo gariirka marka gariirka si toos ah la isugu gudbiyo in dawladaha waa. Waxaa xiran guuldarrada samaynta, kan ah wada link toos ah ogeed gacanta iyo drives motor. Taas darteed, kaliya iska Rafaa ayaa lagu qasbay in la sameeyo degtey xaalad deg deg ah. All cilladaha ayaa si deg deg ah la falanqeeyay oo xalin by sii kordhaya qallafsanaan guud ee dhismaha. Sayidka, B-12 helicopter ah, taas oo ahayd in ay faa'iido ah ee awoodda load weyn, ayaa si buuxda la dayactiray.

Waa in la ogaadaa in sare afar cross circuit buuxda laftiisa xaq koorsada of baaritaano dheeri ah. Total helicopter duulay 122 jeer. 77 jeer kale oo muddo dheer sudhay hawada. halaynta System oo tayo sare leh ee tijaabada ah, kaas oo markii hore lagu daro in xisaabinta, ayaa si buuxda u xaqiijiyay. Duuliyayaasha ayaa farxay fudud ee gacanta ku mashiin weyn. Laakiin ciidamada yaabay matoorrada voracity hooseeyo.

Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in baaritaano dayuurada ayaa la kala sameeyey laba matoorada in mashiinka sidoo kale si guul ah soo maray. Laakiin liibaanta wayn ee samaynta waa in marka miisaanka dhinacyada ku dhow yahay inuu ku Mi-6 helicopter lahaa awoodda la socdeen kordhay 7.2 jeer! Sayidka, ee helicopter V-12 (soo saaraha - mil) haystay oo dhan fursadaha guul "mustaqbalkiisa" ee Air Force Soofiyeeti. In 1970, uu ka Moscow duulay Ahtubinsk iyo dib, ka dibna imtixaannada gobolka ayaa lagu arko guul. Marka ay dhamaato, guddi gaar ah lagu talinayaa in olole caalami ah oo taxane ah oo helicopter. Maxaad samada of Russia casriga ah ma jiraan wax B-12? Helicopter, nasiib darro, soo baxday in sheegan.

End of story

geedi socodka xaqiijinta shaaca ka qaaday qaar ka mid ah ayna duleella u design, taas oo ah sababta ay horumarka hawl ayaa wax badan dib loo dhigay. Intaa waxaa dheer, tusaale ahaan labaad ee helicopter ka 1972 si ay u 1973 ee katabaan istaagay, sida alaab-qeybiyeyaasha in ay dib u dhigto wax soo saarka ee matoorada. walaalkiis wuxuu is khilaafeen sii badan adag dhisme oo wuxuu u xoogaystay gacanta ku. Nasiib darro, waayo dhowr sababood ee 1974, barnaamijka ee abuurka iyo dhameystir ee helicopter gaar ah waxaa gebi ahaanba burburay.

Inkastoo astaamaha u gaarka ah, ee helicopter V-12 ayaa soo galay wax soo saarka serial iyo hawlgalka. First, asal ahaan abuuray gaadiidka ee gantaalaha ballistic culus, waxa uu badiyay "Daaqad Misbaax ku bartilmaameed." hababka is-gano culus lagu soosaaray. Marka labaad, gantaal fikradda ku salaysan laftiisa ay sabab u tahay kor u kac wayn ee xooggoodii sidoo kale u xuub bedelay. Anigu ma aan leeyihiin in ay iyaga raraan u dhaw in ay dhulka cadowga ka iman kara.

Saddexaad, qaar ka mid ah MDBs ah, horumarsan lala B-12 iyo si gaar ah "isaga hoos", ayaan lagu guuleeysan, iyo saraaxad qaaday adeegga ma ahaayeen. Xaaladaha kale, halkaas oo ay ka jaban ahaa in ay u diraan xamuul military on dhulka. Tan afraad, warshad ee Saratov, mid ka mid ah oo kaliya oo uu noqon karaa sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan in ay tooling soo saarka ee helicopters tan iyo 1972 "on madaxa" ayaa lagu uploaded by heshiisyada kale ee dawladda. awoodda wax soo saarka waxaa si fudud u yahay Doorasho ma.

natiijada

Sayidka, ee B-12 - helicopter ah, wax badan ka hor inta uusan mar, laakiin waxay ahayd "in meel qaldan." Haddii mashiinka noocan oo kale ah ka abuuray 60meeyadii hore, ka dibna ay u badan tahay, shaqada lahaa ayaa laga helay iyada. In 1970, mudnaanta ay is badaleen, iyo design gaarka ahaa sheegan. Laakiin helicopter ah V-12, taariikhda oo aannu ku tilmaamay, aviators siiyey waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan.