Hawlgallada macquulka Simple in computer

Qof kasta oo uu bilaabo inuu ku baran sayniska kombiyuutarka, baraya binary nidaamka tirada. Waxaa loo xisaabinta hawlaha macquul ah. Tixgeli arrimaha soo socda oo dhan hawlgallada macquul ah ugu hoose ee computer science. Ka dib oo dhan, haddii aad u malaynayso oo ku saabsan, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro macquulka ah ee kombiyuutarada iyo qalabka.

diidmada

Ka hor inta aadan bilaabin inaad tixgeliso si faahfaahsan tusaalooyin gaar ah ku qor aasaasiga ah hawlgallada macquul ah in computer ah:

• diidmada;
• Intaa waxaa dheer,
• dhufasho;
• raac;
• sinnaanta.

Sidoo kale, ka hor intuusan bilaabin daraasadda hawlgallada macquulka ah waa in la yidhaahdo in Sayniska Kombiyuutarka beenta loo qoondeeyey "0", laakiin runta "1".

Waayo, tallaabo kasta, sida xisaabta caadiga ah, calaamadaha soo socda hawlgallada macquul ah loo isticmaalo computer science: ¬, v, &, ->.

tallaabo kasta oo suurtagal ah si ay u sharxaan kasta tiro 1/0, ama tibaaxaha macquul ah. Si aad u bilaabaan tixgelin ee macquulka ah xisaabta la qaliin fudud oo la isticmaalayo hal variable.

inkiraad macquul ah - hawlgalka inversion. line hoose waa in haddii qowlka hore - runta, natiijada inversion yahay - Been. Taa waxaa ka duwan, haddii hore qowlka - a been, markaas ayaa natiijada doonista leh ah inversion - runta.

Marka qoraal ra'yi this aan u isticmaalno sal soo socda "¬A".

Waxaan ku siin miiska runta - wareeg ah taas oo muujinaysa dhammaan natiijooyinka suurtogalka ah ee hawlgallada wixii xog ah isha.

Taasi waa, haddii aan hadal asalka - run (1), ka dibna ay inkiraad waa been (0). Oo haddii qowlka hore - been ah (0), ka dibna ay inkiraad - run (1).

Intaa waxaa dheer

The hawlaha haray u baahan laba doorsoome. Yeero mid ka mid muujinta - A labaad - B. Logical hawlgallada in computer midani Intaa waxaa dheer hawlgalka (ama disjunction), ama marka qoraal loogu talagalay by hadalkii "ama", ama calaamadeysan "v". Qor fursado suuragal ah in xogta iyo natiijada xisaabinta.

1. E = 1, n = 1, ka dibna E v n = 1. Haddii labada tibaaxaha waa run, ka dibna ay disjunction waxaa sidoo kale run.
2. E = 0, n = 1, ugu danbeyn E v = H 1 E = 1, H = 0, ka dibna E v N = 1. Haddii Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah weedhaha waa ku run kan, markaa natiijada ay sii dheer tahay mid run ah.
3. E = 0, H = 0, natiijadu waa E v H = 0. Haddii labada tibaaxaha waa been ah, ka dibna ay wadarta sidoo kale waa - Been.

Waayo, jaho, waxaan abuuri miiska runta ah.

dhufashada

Iyadoo la macaamilooday hawlgalka dheer, dhaqaaqo dhufashada (kaashanaya). Waxaan u isticmaali Calaamooyinka isla, kaas oo la siiyey kore waxaa dheer. Marka qoraal dhufashada macquul ah waa muujinaysaa by the "&" calaamad ama xarafka "I".

1. E = 1, n = 1, ka dibna E & H = 1. Haddii labada tibaaxaha waa run, ka dibna ay lala - run.
2. Haddii ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah odhaahaha - Been, ka dibna natiijada isku dhufashada macquul ah sidoo kale waa been.

• E = 1, N = 0, sidaas E & H = 0.
• E = 0, n = 1, ka dibna E & H = 0.
• E = 0, H = 0, wadar ahaan E & H = 0.

natiijada

The isku xigxiga macquul ah hawlgalka (Tilmaanta) - mid ka mid ah macquulka ah ugu fudud xisaabta. Waxay ku salaysan tahay hal cadayn ah - runta aan la socon karin been.

1. E = 1, N =, sidaas E -> N = 1. Haddii laba waa jacayl, ka dibna ay shumin karaan - runta.
2. E = 0, n = 1, ka dibna E -> N = 1. Haddii labo ka mid ma burburin, haddii ay shumin karaan - Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in ay run.
3. E = 0, H = 0, E this -> N = 1. Haddii labada ma aha in jacaylka, markaas waa inaanay dhunkado - sidoo kale waa run.
4. E = 1, n = 0, natiijadu waa E -> N = 0. Haddii jacaylka labada, iyagu ma ay dhunkado - Been.

Si loo fududeeyo fulinta hawlaha xisaabta sida waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa miiska runta.

sinnaanta

Hawlgalka ayaa la soo dhaafay waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa sinnaanta aqoonsiga macquul ah ama isu-. In qoraalka, waxaa laga yaabaa in loo gudbiyo sida "... haddii oo keliya haddii ...". Iyada oo ku saleysan dejinta this, inaynu u qorno oo dhan tusaale this laga bilaabo.

1. A = 1, B = 1, ka dibna A≡V = 1. Qofka la cabbo kiniin haddii oo kaliya haddii xanuunsan. (True)
2. A = 0, B = 0, sida natiijada A≡V = 1. Man ma cabbaan kiniin, ka dibna kaliya marka ma jiran. (True)
3. A = 1, B = 0, sidaas A≡V = 0. kiniin Individual cabbin haddii oo kaliya haddii xumaan kuma. (Been ah)
4. A = 0, B = 1, ka dibna A≡V = 0. kiniin Qofka ama cabto haddii oo kaliya haddii xanuunsan. (Been ah)

guryaha

Sidaas daraaddeed, tixgelin ah hawlgallada macquulka fudud in computer science, waxaan bilaabi karaan in ay bartaan qaar ka mid ah guryaha ay. Sida xisaabta, hawlgallada macquulka jira processing si ay. In hawlaha waaweyn tibaaxaha macquul ah in parentheses waxaa marka hore la sameeyaa. iyaga ka dib, waxa ugu horeeya ee aan wada xisaabiyo qiimaha ee tusaalaha diidmada. Tallaabada xigta waa xisaabinta lala ku, ka dibna disjunction ah. Markaas oo keliya ayaa u fuliyaan howlgal baaritaan ah iyo, ugu dambeyntii, isu-ka. Ka fiirso tusaale yar oo la caddeeyo.

A v B & ¬V -> At ≡ A

Qaabka loo fulinta tallaabooyinka soo socda.

1. ¬V
2. In & (¬V)
3. v A (V & (¬V))
4. (V A (B & (¬V))) -> B
5. ((V A (V & (¬V))) -> B) ≡A

Si ay u xaliyaan Tusaale ahaan this, waxaan u baahan doonaa si loo dhiso miiska ah runta balaariyay. Marka waxaa la abuuray, xusuusnow in tiirarkii ay fiican tahay in si isku mid ah, taas oo soo baxay waxaa loo qaadi doonaa oo talaabo.

Sida aan ka arki kartaa, natiijada xal saamiga noqon doonaa column ee la soo dhaafay. miiska Runta waxa ay gacan ka geysatay si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada ula wixii macluumaad il suurto gal ah.

gunaanad

In this article waxaan ka wada hadalnay qaar ka mid ah fikradaha macquulka ah xisaabta, sida sayniska kombiyuutarka, guryaha hawlgallada macquulka ah, iyo - waxa ay tahay hawlgallada macquul on iyaga u gaar ah. tusaalayaal fudud Qaar ka mid ah ayaa la siiyey xalka dhibaatooyinka ee macquulka ah iyo run loox xisaabeed si loo fududeeyo habka this.