Gobolka Smolensk: gobollada iyo tuulooyinka

Sheekada ee gobollada ugu horeysay ee geyiga ee Imperial Russia taariikhda dib ugu 1708 sano. Noocan ah hoosaadka jirey ilaa 1929. Sidaas si ay u kala qeybinta dhulka ka mid ah unugyada maamulka yar yar, sida heerka gobolka.

Sheekada gobolka Smolensk

Inta lagu jiro abuurista siddeedii gobol Peter aan in 1708 waxaa la aasaasay tiro ka mid ah gobolka kale Smolensk. Land ee gobolka waxay ka mid ahaayeen hal unug oo dhul iyo yaalla qaybta Yurub ee dalka. gobolka Smolensk socday ilaa 1929kii, markii danbe noqday aagga inta lagu jiro toobadda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Magaalada ugu weyn ee gobolka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay Smolensk.

cayimayo ee meesha uu hoosaadka dalka of Russia Imperial bixiyo ee dhawaanshaha iyo howlaha dhaqaalaha ugu badan oo ka mid ah gobollada kale.

Gobolka wadaagtaa wadamada soo socda:

• gobolka Tver (waqooyiga iyo waqooyi-bari);
• Moscow iyo Kaluga (bari);
• Orel (koonfur - bari);
• Chernigov (koonfurta);
• Mahileu (galbeed);
• Vitebsk iyo Pskov (galbeed).

dalka toobadda

The cusub ee gobolka Smolensk lahaa qiyaastii toddoba iyo toban magaalo. The ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah: Roslavl, Smolensk, White, Vyazma, Dorogobuzh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1713 gobolka la kala diro, ay qayb ka ugu weyn ee u baxay inuu qayb ka mid ah gobolka Gobolka Riga ah.

Ka dibna, ka dib markii saddex iyo toban sannadood, ayaa waxaa qeyb ahaan dib loo soo celiyo. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay shan degmo: Dorogobuzh, Belsky, Smolensk, Vyazma iyo Roslavl.
Waxbaa ka dib (ee 1775) gobol waxaa lagu habeeyay in Dowladda Smolensk. Sababo la isbeddeladda Degaanadda ahaa mid noqoshada ee toddoba gobol cusub: Kasplyanskogo, Elninskaya, Krasninsky, Gzhatsk, Sychevsky, Porechsky, Ruposovskogo. A dhowr sano ka dib gobollada Ruposovsky iyo Kasplinsky ayaa loo beddelaa Yukhnovsky iyo Duhovschinsky. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in 1796 Dowladda reformatted mar kale ee gobolka.

In muddo ah ka 1802 si ay u 1918 ee liisaska gobolka Smolensk ka kooban yahay laba iyo toban degmo. Dalka yar qabsadeen Sychevsky - 2825 versts square.

Degmada dhul Maamulka gobolka Smolensk:

• Yukhnovsky;
• Vyazemskij;
• Belsky;
• Gzhatskaya;
• Duhovschinsky;
• Elninskaya;
• Sychevsky;
• Dorogobuzh;
• Roslavlsky;
• Smolensk;
• Porechsky;
• Krasninsky.

241 kaniisadda waxaa ka diiwaan gashan gobolka, 4,130 bulshooyinka reer miyiga ah oo ku saabsan kale 14,000 oo goobaha dadku ku badan yahay. Waxaa intaa dheer, dhulka gobolka waxaa ka joogay siddeed iyo degsiimooyinka iyo 600 tuulooyinka. Inta kale ee dejinta waxay ahaayeen beeraha, tuulooyinka yaryar, beeraha. Length gobolka Smolensk ahaa 340 hawo (mid versta kulmi casri ah 1067 mitir). Dhulkeeda ka koobnaa wax yar ka badan 49212 versts square.

dadka

Sida laga soo xigtay 1897 tirakoobka, dadka ku nool gobolka Smolensk ahaa dadkii degganaa, in yar ka badan nus million. In magaalo iyo wax ka yar toban boqolkiiba dadweynaha, oo ku saabsan 121 kun oo muwaadiniinta. Ka hor inta la baabiiyo of serfdom ee 1761, tirada serfs in 70% tirada guud ee yimid.

gobolka Smolensk lahaa heerka ugu sareeya ee qof aan lacag la'aan ah ka mid ah gobollada oo dhan of Saarka Russia. On mudane ka mid ah celcelis ahaan lagu tiriyaa 60 serfs. By dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad ee gobolka Smolensk, waxaa jiray 13 Macaabidda Yuhuud, 763 kaniisadaha iyo mid ka mid ah bulshada. sheekh boqolkiiba ahayd 0.6% ka mid ah tirada guud ee dadka deggan tahay. gobolka Smolensk sidii hal unug oo dhul dayn inay jiraan 1929, iyo dalalkii ay ahaayeen LABAGEEDI OO in gobolka Western ah.

Warshadaha iyo Beeraha ee Gobolka

Tuulooyinka gobolka Smolensk caan tanners xirfad iyo looxiisa. Dadka deegaanka ayaa waxaa intooda badan ku hawlan beeraha, badar kaymo, galley, miro, kaleh, oo sarreen ah. In Rostislavskom gobolka kaymo masago in mugga yar. In gobollada Vyazma iyo Sychevsky kaymo hemp iyo geed linen. Degmadu waxay tuulada Tesovo Sychevskii lahaa saldhiga lnovodnaya. Jare iyo suuf-fur dhagax wax ku yaalla tuulada Yartsevo Duhovschinskogo County. In Rostislavskom County shaqeeyay dhiibsan iyo wax soo saarka maqaar. Waxaa ku fidaa sida ay ahayd wax soo saarka ee loo shubay ee alaabta crystal iyo waxyaabaha kaynta. Bielsko - daamurka iyo shaqada leben.

gobolka Smolensk caan Jannooyin ay. Intooda badan ku hawlan beerista of noocyo kala duwan oo tufaax ah, plums iyo baaraha. Tufaax waxaa loo iibiyey in Moscow. Laakiin waxaa caan ku tahay beeraha gobolka ay Smolensk ma aha oo kaliya.

gobolka Smolensk

Gobolkan waxaa ugu dad badan marka la barbardhigo dalalka kale. The dadka deegaanka ayaa inta badan ganacsiga xiriirka la Lithuanians ah. gobolka Roslavl inta badan sameeyay hawlaha beeraha.

Halkan koray kaleh, oo shaciir ah iyo hadhuudh. Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la abuuray Smolensk bulshada beerolay ah horumarinta beeraha. Waxaa jiray bakhaarada ee mishiino beeraha iyo qalab. Waxaa lagu qabtay sal-dhigida aad u soo saar si uu u bedelo mixaraatka saara mixaraatka saara. qoryaha ayaa soo saaray by sayid maxalliga ah, ma liita heerka warshad.

By 1880 954 warshadood oo warshad, ku shaqeeyay gobolka Smolensk. In ka badan siddeed iyo toban sano ee soo socota, tirada ku daqiijin jireen iyo warshadaha kordhay siddeed cutub. Gaar ahaan, waxaan la horumariyo iyo in la wanaajiyo warshad cheese ah, taas oo ahayd badan tahay in degmooyinka bariga ee gobolka.

gunaanad

Ugu ku saabsan 1000 sano ka hor, waxaa u cadaatay in hawlaha wax ku ool ah ee gobolka waa in ay ahaadaan horyaalka unugyo maamulka. The tixraacyada ugu horeeyey ee taariikhda qarnigii X AD. Princess Olga qaybsan dalalkan Novgorod xabaalaha ka. Later qarnigii XV ah, Ivan Grozny lahaa qeybinta oo ka mid ah shan meelood territory Novgorod. At bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ka, waxaa soo bandhigay fikradda gobollada iyo degmooyinka. Waxay noqday noocooda ah ee gobollada maanta iyo degmooyinka.