Fayum sawirka: ku masterpieces farshaxanka dunida

Bilowga ee qarnigii XVII in mid ka mid ah waxa Qubuuraha ku bartay socotada Talyaani helay Wehbe qalaad in uu keeno Yurub lama filaan ah oo dhab ah - waxay si kala duwan dadka kale ay yihiin.

daahfurka taariikheed muhiim ah

Laakiin warkii dhabta helay mumiyayaasha helo qaddiimiga ah ee 1887 meel u dhow magaalada Fayoum, dadku Masriyiintii qadiimiga. ka conquests of Alexander Ka dib weyn uu halkaas meel, iyo Gariigba ah ayaa ka Romans ka qaaday. nidaam Funerary la xidhiidha eedayn dhintay, Oo Qaliin isbedel ay. Haddii hore Masriyiinta ku riday on wajigaaga mummified jirka encased in sarcophagus ah, noocyo kala duwan oo waji, images aan macquul ah oo dhintay, farshaxanka maxaliga ah Wehbe ee rinjiga wax saddex dhinac-cabbir for iska caabin rinji kale si aannu qoryo qurmay, mararka qaarkood on canvases kuwaasoo ku negaanaya guddiga.

Fayum abaabulan, furitaanka dhinacyada aan la aqoon ee hal-abuurka ka mid ah fanaaniinta qadiimiga ah, oo magiciisana suuradda picturesque dhintay, kuwaas oo tan kacaanka dhinaca dhaqanka si dhab ah waqtiga sameeyey siiyey. Sawirrada, gooyaa at size saxda ah, ayaa ku lifaaqan madaxa hooyaday ah: dhanka ah faashado cad, sida haddii ay ka bixin daaqada, fiiriyey asaanay macquul ah ee qofka dhintay.

Farsamo ee rinjiga codsanaya

fanaaniinta loo isticmaalo farsamo gaar ah encaustic, kaas oo ku lug leedahay codsanaya rinjiga si toos ah on alwaax aan pre-processing. sawirka Fayum marxuumka ahaa sanam xardhan oo aan laga codsadaa burush iyo ulo bir kulul. shaqada Tani waxa ay ahayd mid aad u hawl degdeg ah, oo u baahan xirfadaha gaarka ah, tan iyo markii aan la saxo in sawirka la oggol yahay. Sababo la rinjiga heerkulka sare fiican loo kariyay ama waxy dhalaalay, la xirrira dusha ah sinnayn inta lagu guda jiro solidification, abuurista saamaynta mugga. Intaa waxaa dheer, sayidyadooda ku isticmaali taargooyinka dahab ah, oo xoogga asalka, taaj oo kale ah oo madaxiisay saareen ama qayb ka mid ah dharka.

farsamo kale oo loo isticmaalo qoraal ah sawirrada funerary dadka, waa tempera ah. Images pigments ku salaysan qasan xabagta xoolaha, oofiyey dushiisa matte la faraqa barbardhigo yar calaamadeysan iftiinka iyo hooska abuuray. Seynisyahanno ku odhan socdeyba ee images sida: sawirka Fayum ee qadiimiga Masar tahay qadiimiga fiican la ilaashaa, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo ay gaareen iyada oo aan laga badiyay dhalaalka midabka iyo ma noqon karaan isbedel ku meel gaadh ah.

images tahay dhintay Roman

Waa in aynaan illoobin in Wehbe qoraal dhaqan qayb ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo Boqortooyada Roomaanka ahaa, oo keliya image ah qayb ka mid ah nidaam funerary uu noqdo, iyo sanamyadii awowayaashood dhintay iyo boqorada dhintay hayo yards u yeedhay atria. Tilmaamo stylistic ahaayeen mid ah si rinjiyaynta Wehbe Fayum, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qadiimiga ah helay jajab yar oo shuqullada tahay Roman, laakiin masterpieces hore ee farshaxanka dunida Masriyiinta, sida saynisyahano rumaysan, ka badbaaday xaalad wanaagsan sida Ehelkiisa ma aha oo kaliya sababtoo ah farsamo gaarka ah ee codsanaya rinjiga, laakiin sidoo kale dalalka oomane .

la mid ah ayaa la iconography ah

kumanaan bilaabay sano ka hor Wehbe ah in ay noqdaan dad mucjiso dhabta ah ee dunida ka mid ah tahay, waxaa loo sheegay in ay carruurtu ku nool yihiin images of dadka. image gaar ah Masriyiinta qadiimiga ah, kuwaas oo ku noolaa markii ugu of xoogga Hellenistic iyo Roman, aan si fudud u maray foomka aadanaha. indhaha murugo weyn raadinaya dhex observer sida haddii ay arkaan wax aan ku xidhnayn u muuqataa nool.

Aan by fursad sarkhaansan images macquul ah in ay yihiin dhinaca kale ee nolosha, waxay bilaabeen inay u sameeyaan ka Buzadag ah iconography. Laakiin ha iloobin in ay weli ku Wehbe dhaqan aan loogu tala galay soo hadalqaaday kuwa nool, oo iyana way abuurmeen si gaar ah loogu talagalay aaska, maxaa yeelay, Masriyiintu mar walba la siiyey muhiimadda ugu weyn ee nolosha.

sawirka Funerary sida iconography maamaan ah

iconography Byzantine Later waxaa saameeya hal-abuurka ah oo ka mid ah sayidkooda qadiimiga ah, qoraal ah oo ku saabsan encaustic geed iyo isticmaalka tumeen sidii caleemo khafiif ah oo dahab ah caleen. Indho at Wehbe aaska, raadinaya dunida kale, si tartiib ah u hijroota inay diinta tahay Byzantium. Stylistically wareegay proikonoy Fayum sawirka, image aaska murugo iyo waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ku kaydiso sifooyinka jecel yahay qofka dhintay. nolosha icon The guulaysta dhimashada, oo wejigiisii Ilaah baa ka jeestay, oo macnaha daryeelka ma aha in kala tagii dhexdeenna, iyo farxad shirka Easter ah. Fanaaniinta sida meelsha galay nafta, ma marayay image a daqiiqad, oo waxay ku arkaysid marka laga eego ee shakhsiyadda aan dhiman beddelmay iftiinka daa'in.

From Wehbe macquul ah - wajiga ku haboon ee

Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa ku qanacsanahay in images oo dhan oo qoraal ah in qofka ku nool, sida helitaanka dhintay oo waxaa iyaga la shaqeeya si adag waxaa la reebay ee sayid dalka Masar. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed sida sawirka funerary (Fayum) waa in lagu amray in ka hor, rinji intii uu noolaa, uu ku deldesheen oo guriga ilaa uu ka dhinto qofka. saynisyahano Qaar ka mid ah ayaa soo jeediyay in ay jiraan waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ahayd sawir kale on caw ah, kuwaas oo ay post-baarista iyo nuqulada la macmalay ee loogu talagalay mumiyayaasha.

Haddii aan ka hadlo image wax macquul ah ee qofka dhintay, waa hubaal ah marin habaabin ah, ay weli image vnevozrastnye qaar ka mid image fiican ah, sida haddii ay xakameeyeen in daa'in. mumiyayaasha loo yaqaan, iyadoo Wehbe funerary oo wax fiiriyey qofka dhallinyarada ah, inkasta oo sida xaqiiqada ah qof ayaa ku dhintay da 'weyn. rinjiyeynta icon Byzantine laga sawirka dhabta ah ee ugu fiican iyo wejiga weligeed ah u hoggaansanaayeen sharciyada qaar ka mid ah qoraal images of quduusiinta dhaqaaqin.

isbedel stylistic

Waxaa xusid mudan in la horumarinta Masiixiyada qoraal sawirka Fayum isbedel caalamka ka dhacaya, waxaa la conceptualized image of nin iyo cibaadaysi sii kordheysa ka taliso jirka ah. Abuurayaasha ah Boqortooyada Roomaanka dareemay isbedel la taaban karo aragtida dunida, ayaa muujiyay in caadada caadiga ah ee foomka fulinta, fadilay contours ba'an, halkii mugga.

Xirashada sawirka dabeecadda halyeey Fayum stylistically bedelay, colka wararka foomka aadanaha. Masiixiyada, ansixiyey qarnigii IV ee Masar ka, joojiyo dhaqanka ee eedayn ah iyo farsamo encaustic waxaa si tartiib ah illoobay, oo ay weheliso ka lumay ee images funerary.

Features Wehbe dhaqan

On ku salaysan xeerarka imanaaya of rinjiyaynta images dhaqan, waa sifooyinka soo socda in sifaha Wehbe funerary ee xilligii ay:

• Isha nuur yahay hogaanka, midig ee kooxda ka dhacaday Arka wejiga waa hooska.
• Head jeestay saddex-meelood ku nool images waa shiidaa maqan.
• Fiirsadaan si toos ah in ka badan goobjoogayaasha, laakiin ma aha in indhaha daawadayaasha ee.
• On wejiga ma aha dareenka bandhigay, indhaha kala furan fool qulubsan.
• sawirka Background - monochrome, labada iftiin ama dahab.
• kaqabto The oo ka mid ah dhinac midig iyo bidix ee wejiga (geesood ahaa oo bushimaheeda, sunnayaasha, dhegaha xaglo kala duwan oo danahoodii ay heerar kala duwan). Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay tani tahay isbedel cusub ee rinjiyeynta ahayd isku day ah si uu u gudbiyo aragti sanamkii sawiray.

Tan iyo sawirka aaska (Fayum) lagu qoray xitaa haddii nolosha qofka, iyo laga yaabee muddo dheer ahaa in gurigiisa, ku dhowaad dhammaan rinji ku dul muuqdaan dad yar. Ka dib dhimashadii image waxaa gundhig ee faashado ah hooyaday ah, oo madaxana waxaa u saarnaa si taxadar leh codsatay iyada oo shabag Stencil oo dahab ah, turjumaya nolosha weligeed ah.

Wehbe Funerary sida milicsiga ah isbeddellada fashion

sawirada Funerary - taasi waa a gallery tahay dhabta ah, la abuuro jawi u gaar ah ee ku lug of siladda kasta si farshaxanka weyn, siinta Raalli ahaanshaha bilicsanaanta. Sida laga soo xigtay Wehbe Fayum si fudud loo raad raaco karo xaalka Hellenistic waqtiga. Nin ayaa lagu taswiiray khamiis qurux badan, iyo haweenka - khamiisyo casaan, caddaan ama cagaar. Qurxiyo kulmi da'da qaarkood, sida timaha. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in qaab gaar ah oo weydiinaya qoyska Emperor ee, Been habab cusub oo timaha Attam, gaar ahaan haweenka, laakiin gobolkii ka caasimadda ah ee fashion gaadhay aad si tartiib ah.

masterpieces Museum of farshaxanka dunida

Qubarada ma jiraan in ka badan 900 oo Wehbe Fayum, soo saara aragti waarta oo noqday si buuxda u madax banaan in category ee farshaxanka. Waxa ay u muuqataa in xitaa gallery a art yar ku riyooday inay hantiyaan khasnadihii hore ee nidaam aaska Masriyiinta qadiimiga ah. Wehbe Oo kuwanu waxay haatan yihiin kuwo aad u qaali ah ee Xaraashyada kala duwan, iyo danaha gaarka ah ururiya farshaxanka dhaqan kordhisaa sanad kasta. In aan ku xuso tirada badan oo faalsada ah iyo nuqul, laakiin farshaxankiisa baahsan ee style ee images funerary uma fiirsatid image ee dhaqanka muuqaalka post-baarista.

gogo 'qaar ka mid ah u gaar ah in ay ka badbaaday in maalinta la joogo, ayaa hadda lagu kaydiyaa ururinta ee matxafyada dunida ugu waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan Pushkin ah. In hall ee farshaxanka hore ee dhaqan kasta oo uu xiiseynayo rinjiyeynta ka fiirsan kartaa si qoto dheer u cajiib ah la isugu gudbiyo ee images Wehbe Fayum. Pushkin Museum ee Moscow, qabatay in ka badan 20 images aaska jecel kuwaas oo xitaa si gaar ah u iman ajnabiga. The sawirka ugu caansan ee nin dhallinyaro ah ayaa muujinaya dhab qurxoon leh rag ah iyo dhuxul sida indhaha dhamac. Saftay oo dhan soo jeedinaya dabeecad kulul iyo dabeecadda cadho iyo isku dhafka ah ee midabada imaanayn sida shubmo stress gudaha.

farshaxanka dalka Masar mar walba noqon doontaa maal dhab ah waqtiga oo dhan, iyo Wehbe Fayum, qiimaha farshaxanka taas oo cajiib ah sare, waxaa loo arkaa in ay masterpieces dhab ah. Waxay la odhan karaa waa iridda, wuu u furan yahay ka sayid mustaqbalka habab cusub oo hal-abuurka, sida ka muujiyay in abuurista walxood Byzantine.