Etiology - waa ... viral. etiology cudurka

Forums daawo sahamiyaan arrimaha kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, baarayaa sawir caafimaad, waa muujin ka timid cudurka. qaybaha kale ee Medicine baaray saamaynta ama reactions kuwii ama saamayn kale. Muhiimad gaar ah ee cudurka iyo doorashada therapy mustaqbalka waxaa iska xanaajin arrimaha cudurada. Etiology - taasi waa meel in kaliya ay tahay iyo baara sababaha. Later maqaalka aragti dhaw at xilli.

Guudmarka

Etiology - waxa keena cudurka taas oo dhacdo u baahan tahay isku factor saamayn weyn oo wadar ahaan ku haboon muujinta xaaladaha ay ansax deegaanka gudaha iyo dibadda. Sida dhacdooyinka-qaabo loogu dhigi karaa sunta, wareer ah, soo-gaadhista, dhaawac, iyo kiimiko kale oo badan, noolaha iyo saamaynta jirka. Cudurku wuxuu ku dhici kara shuruudaha hypothermia, daal, xanuunada cunaya, deegaanka bulshada iyo juquraafi aan habboonayn. Waxay kaalin muhiim ah iyo sifooyinka of shaqeeyo. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah galmada, da'da, genotype, iyo kuwa kale.

arrimood

Fikradda ah etiology ee aan ku xaddidnayn sababo gaar ah. Inta badan cudurka, marka lagu daro ifafaale xanaajin, waxay u baahan tahay xaaladaha qaarkood wanaagsan isaga. Tusaale ahaan, Streptococcus, hadiyad in saabka afka sida saprophyte ah ay sabab u tahay saamaynta dheer oo kul hoose keeni angina. Tan waxa u sabab daciifisa of hababka jidhka. Iyo ulo tiifowga iyo gawracatada iyadoon dhibaato arrimood (daal, gaajo) ma tari kartaa. Inta badan waxaa jira xaalado marka mid ka mid ah iyo arrin isku mid ah u dhaqmaan waxaa laga yaabaa in qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha, etiologic, iyo in kale - Sababaha. Tusaale waxaa ah hypothermia. Waxaa la, on gacanta ku hal, sababa qadhqadhyo, oo dhinaca kale ah - waxay bixisaa xaalado aan fiicnayn waayo, soo bixitaanka of cuduro badan oo faafa nooca catarrhal.

dirka heley

Xaaladaha qaarkood, etiology cudurka laga yaabaa in la koobnayn hal arrin. Xaaladaha kale, baaritaanka muujiyo dhowr arrimood qaabo. Xaaladda hore, cudurka waxaa la yiraahdaa Mono, halka kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - polyetiology. Nooca ugu horeeya waxa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, hargabka, cune xanuun. Laakiin cudurka wadnaha lagu sameeyey iyadoo ay sabab u waraabowga, laabotooyinka iyo arrimo kale oo badan. etiology cudurka si loo ogaado in ay koobnaanta iyo therapy pathogenetic. Tusaale ahaan, waayo heerka uu darnaanta iyo saadaasha ah mid birqaya staphylococcal iyo anthrax leeyihiin farqi weyn. Sidoo kale, gaarka ah qaarkood waxay leeyihiin kala duwan noocyada hypertension, taas oo sabab u noqon kara in labada arrimood neurogenic iyo kelyaha. Sababta oo ah xirma mindhicirka waa riixo dibadda ah ee mindhicirka ama xannibaad ah ay gudaha.

WAXQABADKA

Kala saaro hal mar (trauma, gubasho) oo dheer (gaajo, infection) saamaynta xanaajin ifafaale. ifafaale waxa kale oo ka mid ah etiology. saamayn Tani waxay warsan kartaa horumarinta stage daran ama joogtada ah ee cudurka. Sidaas darteed arrimo - muddada dheer ama gaaban - in u shaqeeyo aadanaha ku guuldareysto in nidaamyada kala duwan. Tani waa dhab ahaan waxa sabab u ah cudurka, taas oo inta badan waa natiijo ah oo xadgudubyo kuwan.

Daaweynta iyo ka hortagga

Etiology - taasi waa mid ka mid ah lagu dejiyo ugu muhiimsan ee hab gaar ah oo lagu daweeyo. Aqoonso sababaha iyo xaaladaha horumarinta cudurada ah, waxaad dooran kartaa habka ah in la baabi'iyo doonaa waxyaabaha kiciya. Kaliya kiiskan, si dhab ah loo gaaro natiijo wanaagsan. Waxay door aad u weyn, iyo ka hortagga. Cudurku waa laga hortagi karaa in ay dhacdo reebay waqtigii sababaha pathogenic iyo arrimo in ay keeni. Tusaale ahaan, la ogaado side bacilli waxaa la sameeyaa, asturidda kaneecada duurka duumada iman kara, ka hortagga dhaawaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma had iyo jeer suurto gal ah si ay u aqoonsadaan sababaha iyo xaaladaha horumarinta cudurada. Xaaladdan oo kale aynu ka hadalnaa etiology aan la garanayn. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, sida caadiga ah, qofka bukaanka ah iyada oo ay kormeerayaan dhakhtar aado. Wada jir ah ula cudurka kala duwan this, la socodka xaalada. Inta badan dhakhaatiirta ee daaweynta ee kiisaska noocaas ah, doorataa "Indho la'Yihiin".

etiology ee diabetes mellitus

Si aad u taariikhda, waxaa jira cadaymo ku kalifay in sababta ugu weyn ee diabetes waa arrin hidaha. Cudurka waxaa iska leh maanka polygenic. aasaaskeedii la dhigay ugu yaraan laba ka mid ah hiddo mutant in diabetic b-koromosoom, kaas oo ay leeyihiin xiriir la-HLA nidaamka. Arintaan, markeeda, go'aamiso jawaabta gaar ah oo ka mid ah u shaqeeyo iyo saamaynta ay ku cudur-cell. Iyada oo ku saleysan aragtida ah ee diabetes dhaxal polygenic, cudurada of hiddo mutant jira laba ama laba ka mid ah kooxda inheritable recessive. Dadka qaarkood, waxaa jira cabista si ay guuldarada nidaamka, shalalka, ama dareenka sii kordhaya ee unugyada qaarkood si antibodies viral, hoos difaac si loola dagaallamo fayrusyada. Hiddo-HLA-habka yihiin astaamaha ah cabista ah.

Sanadkii 1987, D. Foster shaaca ka qaaday in mid ka mid ah hiddo-ku u nugul cudurka ku yaalaa on the B-koromosoomyada. Haddaba waxaa jira xiriir ka dhexeeya diabetes mellitus iyo antibodies leukocytes qaarkood in aadanuhu. Waxay yihiin encoded by hiddo dhismaha histocompatibility waaweyn. Waxay, ee jeedo, ku yaalaan on koromosoom this.

Qoondaynta oo ah hiddo-ee dhismaha histocompatibility waaweyn

Waxaa jira saddex nooc. Hiddo kala duwanyihiin nooca ah borotiinada encoded iyo in ay lug ku horumarinta geedi socodka difaaca. In mid ka mid ah fasalka ka kooban loci A, B, C. Waxay awood u habaynteeda cudur in waxa laga helaa dhammaan unugyada ku jiraan muhiimka ah. walxahaasi qabtaan shaqo ee ilaalinta infakshanka (inta badan viral). Hiddo-fasalka 2, been on the D-gobolka ka kooban yahay loci ee DP, DQ, DR. Waxay encode cudur in lagu sheegi karo oo keliya on unugyada immunocompetent. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid monocytes, unugyada T, iyo kuwa kale. Iyada oo ka kooban fasalka 3 hiddo encoded complement, factor galleeyda buro iyo gaadiidlayda ku jira xiriirka ay la antibody processing.

Recently, waxaa jira malo ah dhaxalka u qaba sonkorowga insulin-ku tiirsan xidhiidha ma xubno kaliya HLA-hab, laakiin sidoo kale hidda habaynteeda ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee insulin, immunoglobulin xiriir silsilad culus receptor T-cell iyo kuwa kale. Dadku cabista ah la dhalin in IDDM, waxaa jira isbedel ku stress deegaanka. difaac wiiqay unugyada cytotoxic ay fayruska mari kartaa dhaawac sarkhaansan sheyga pathogenic iyo qaybaha kiimikada.

sababaha kale

In IDDM laga yaabaa etiology a viral. Inta badan, soo bixitaanka of cudurada gacan ka rubella (pathogene in uu ka Islets ganaca, ka dibna lagu kaydiyaa iyo hirgaliyay iyaga oo ku), mumps (inta badan lagu arkaa carruurta ka dib markii faafa cudurka, 1-2 sano), fayraska cagaarshow B iyo Coxsackievirus B (hirgaliyay qalab ihina) infection mononukleoznaya, hargabka iyo kuwa kale. Xaqiiqada ah in factor ee loo tixgeliyaa la xiriira horumarinta diabetes, waxa xaqiijiyay xilliyada cudurka. IDDM waxaa inta badan laga helay carruurta ee dayrta iyo jiilaalka, oo gaarey ugu xumaa ee October iyo January. Sidoo kale in bukaanka dhiig lagu ogaan karaa titers sare ee antibodies si wareer ah. Dadka u dhintay cudurka macaanka ay sabab u tahay hababka immunofluorescent cilmi ee Islets of Langerhans arkay Qurub viral.

Mabda'a hawlgala ee pathogene ah

Baadhitaanka ayaa tijaabo la sameeyay by M. Balabolkin xaqiijin lug ee cudurka horumarinta cudurka. Sida laga soo xigtay galku uu, dadka waxay leeyihiin virus ah, u janjeera in ay diabetes mellitus, u dhaqmaan sida soo socota:

- xusay dhaawac gacanta ba'an (tus virus B Coxsackie);

- waxaa jira adkaysiga (badbaadista sii dheerayn) virus (rubella) si ay u sameeyaan hababka shalalka in unugyada islet ah.

etiology ee cirrhosis

Iyada oo ku xidhan sababaha, cudurada waxaa loo qaybiyey saddex kooxood. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan:

1. Iyada oo arrimo etiological gaar ah.
2. Iyada oo arrimo xanaajiyey muranka.
3. Of etiology aan la garanayn.

Baadhitaanka ayaa ah sababaha burburka

Si loo garto arrimo keeni karo cirrhosis, qabashada waxbarashada clinical, epidemioligal iyo shaybaarka. Isla mar ahaantaana la dhiso xiriir ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo-dhaafka ah ee khamriga. Muddo dheer aan la rumaysan yahay in cirrhosis dhacdaa in xaaladaha nafaqo-xumada ee khamriga. Marka tan la eego, cudurada waxaa taas wada ogaaday sida alimentary ama nafaqada. In 1961, Beckett ayaa abuuray shaqo ah oo uu ku tilmaamay hepatitis marxaladda ba'an ee khamriga. Isla mar ahaantaa waxa soo jeediyay in cudurkan ay kordhayso khatarta cirrhosis la xidhiidha qaadashada khamriga. Ka dibna waxa la aasaasay saamayn of ethanol on horumarinta hepatitis sun, taas oo la dhaqaajin karin in waxyeelo unugyada xubnaha hematopoietic. Tani waxay khusaysaa gaar ahaan dib-wareejinta cudurka.

ethanol qiyaasta halista ah

Cirrhosis, taas waxaa keena khamriga, optionally la marxaladaha kala duwan ee soo koraya hepatitis daran ama joogtada. Cudurada loo badali karaa si kale qaar ka mid ah. Guud ahaan waxaa jira saddex marxaladood oo muhiim ah:

- xumaanshaha dufanka leh ee jidhka;

- Fibrosis la reaction mesenchymal;

- cirrhosis.

Halista dhacdo cudurka iyadoo ay sabab u tahay 15 sano isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee khamriga waa ka weyn yahay 8 jeer ka mid ah in ka dhici gelitaanka shan sano khamriga. Pekvigno garto khataraha qiyaasta ethanol ee horumarka ah ee beerka cirrhosis. Waa 80 g maalintii (200 g oo ah vodka). A dose maalin walba halis yahay isticmaalka 160 g oo aalkolo ah iyo in ka badan. In mustaqbalka, "formula Pekvigno" xoogaa bedelay. In haweenka, dareenka khamri ka badan laba jeer ka badan ragga. Qaar ka mid ah tsirrozogenny ku galmo xoog dibadda waxaa laga soo dhimay 40 g of ethanol ah maalin kasta, halka kuwa kale cudurka uu yeesho, iyo marka la qaadanayo 60 ml of khamriga. Haweenka ayaa sidoo kale ku filan iyo 20 ml oo aalkolo ah maalintiiba. In horumarka cirrhosis khamriga beerka ciyaara a asal lipopolysaccharide xiidmaha door-gaar ah oo waaweyn - endotoxin.

sababaha kale

Cirrhosis waxaa keeni kara cudurada dheefshiidka hiddo goostay. carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn labadaba laga helay urur u dhexeeya horumarinta cudurada iyo deficiency A1-antitrypsin. A1-antitrypsin waa glycoprotein ah in uu ku dhexsameeysmo hepatocyte iyo inhibitor ah proteinases serine gaadhista deg dega ah (trypsin elastase, plasmin, chymotrypsin). Against asalka ah ee uu dhacaa cholestasis in 5-30% carruurta iyo 10-15% of beerka cirrhosis dhacaa da 'yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa xaaladaha dabiiciga ah lagmamaarmaanna u ah ee xadgudubyada waa saadaal wanaagsan sida caadiga ah. In da 'weyn sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa suurtagalnimada kansarka cirrhosis iyo beerka. Tani waa run gaar ahaan dadka qaba emphysema. Operation beerka laga yaabaa in sidoo kale la jebiyo markii daama kiimikada iyo diyaarinta dawooyinka. Natiijadu waxay tahay baabba 'tallaabo af badan oo ka mid ah xubnaha iyo hepatitis chronic. Marar dhif ah, beerka cirrhosis yeesho. Tusaale ahaan, tetrachloride carbon keeni kartaa hepatitis noocyada sunta ba'an oo mararka qaarkood chronic. cudurada Tani karaan, in kiisaska qaarkood la socda galleeyda weyn iyo cirrhosis.