Erayada Old iyo macnahooda. Qiimaha erayada Ruush jir

Ereyo - a collection of erayadii aan u isticmaalno oo dhan. Koox gaar ah in ereyada la oran karo waa erayadii jir. Waxay yihiin afka Ruush badan, oo ay ka tirsan tahay muddo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan.

Waa maxay erayadii guridda

Tan iyo afka waa qayb muhiim ah oo taariikhda dadka, iyo erayadii loo isticmaalo luqadda this waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha taariikhiga ah. erayada Old iyo macnaha badan oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ka dhacay nolosha dadka in marxalad gaar ah iyo qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo muhiimad weyn u sheegi kartaa. Old ama ka weyn, erayada aan si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in waqtigeena, laakiin la joogo in erayada ay dadku ku, ku qoran qaamuusyo iyo buugaagta tixraaca. Inta badan waxaa lagu heli karaa in shuqullada tahay.

Tusaale ahaan, in gabayga Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, waxaan ka akhrisan maris soo socda:

"Wiilal xoog badan dadkii badnaa,

Iyada oo saaxiibo in Gridnitsa sare

Vladimir qorraxda-iid ah,

gabadh yar oo uu siiyey

Waayo, geesi ah amiirka Ruslan ".

Halkan waa erayga "Gridnitsa". Hadda waxa aan u isticmaali, laakiin xilligii of Prince Vladimir, waxaa loogu tala galay qoolad weyn, kaas oo isaga iyo wefdigii amiirka diyaarin ciidaha iyo iidaha.

historicism

erayada Old iyo xil jira noocyo kala duwan ah. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, waxay u qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood oo waaweyn.

Historicism - erayada in ay hadda si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa sabab ah in soo baxay ee isticmaalka fikrado ah in ay matalaan. Tusaale ahaan, "jubbadda", "mail" archaisms hubkiisa ", iwm - kuwanu waa erayadii in loogu yeero fikradaha la yaqaan noo si kale loo dhigo, tusaale ahaan, afka -. Faruuryaha, dhabannada - daan, qoorta of - qoorta.

In hadalka maanta, sida caadiga ah, waxay looma isticmaalo. erayada xariif ah iyo macnayaasha, iyagoo taas oo dad badan oo aadan fahmin, waayo, annagu hadalkayagii maalin kasta ma aha kuwo la mid ah. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay baaba'aan wadajir huriye. Historicism iyo archaisms qorayaasha loo isticmaalaa in lagu run sheeg ah oo ku saabsan ee la soo dhaafay ee dadka, by erayadan ay gaadhsiin dhadhan ee Zaman. Historicism run nooga sheegi kartaa wax hal mar ka dhacay muddooyinka kale ee dalka.

archaisms

Si ka duwan historicism archaisms wakiil ifafaale ah in aan la kulmi nolosha casriga ah. Tani erayada xariif ah, iyo macnahooda ma ka duwan sida caadiga ah erayada ku noo, kaliya ay ka dhawaajiyaan kala duwan. Archaisms way kala duwan yihiin. Waxaa jira kuwa ka duwan erayada caadiga ah oo kaliya muuqaalada qaar ka mid ah higaada iyo ku dhawaaq. Tusaale ahaan, roobdhagaxyaale, iyo Mlada magaalada, dahab iyo dahabkii - dhallinyaro ah. Tani guun ah archaisms. Qarnigii 19aad waxaa ku jiray erayo badan oo caynkaas ah. Waxaa klob (kooxda), Stora (daah).

Waxaa jira koox ka mid ah archaisms la dabagalayaal dhacsan, sida Muzeum (museum), kaalmada (gargaar), kaluumaysatada (kalluumaysato). Inta badan waxaan la kulmi archaisms waxaa weeya, tusaale ahaan, isha - isha, gacantaada midig - Shuitsev gacantiisa midig - gacantiisa bidix.

Sida historicism, archaisms waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro dunida gaar ah sheekooyin. Sidaas daraaddeed, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin inta badan loo isticmaalaa luuqadda shinka in la siiyo shuqulladiisa pathos. Tan waxaa si cad u muujiyey by maansadu "Nebigu".

Erayada Baydka rus

Baydka rus siiyey badan ee dhaqanka casriga ah. Laakiin ka dibna waxaa uu ahaa jawiga waxaa weeya gaar ah, qaar ka mid ah erayada oo laga dhawrayay afka casriga Ruush. Iyo qaar ka mid ah aan la isticmaalo oo dhan. Old erayga huriye Ruush ah xilligii fikrad ah oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee na siin luqadaha East Slavic.

Tusaale ahaan, inkaarahan oo qadiimi ah. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa laga fekerayo mid aad sax u ah tayada xun ee qofka. Joe afuufa - hadhadlo, Ruhm - Crybaby Tolokonov fooddiisa - nacas, zahuhrya - nin disheveled.

Qiimaha erayada Ruush jir mararka qaar kala duwan oo ka mid ah qiyamka xidid afka casriga ah. Dhamaanteen waan ognahay erayga "siganut" iyo "whitefish", waxay ka dhigan tahay dhaqdhaqaaqa degdeg ah in meel bannaan oo. erayga Old Ruush "SIG" macnaheedu unit ugu yar ee cabbirka mar. In mid ka mid MiG ku jira 160 whitefish. The qiyamka cabbirka ugu weyn waxaa loo tixgeliyaa "masaafada dheeraad ah", taasoo la eg 1, 4 iftiin-sano.

erayada qadiimiga ah iyo macnaha ay ka wada hadleen by saynisyahano. qadaadiicda Baydka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in magacyada la isticmaalo ee qadiimiga Russia. Waayo, lacagta qadaadiicda in ayaa ka soo baxay qarnigii siddeedaad iyo sagaalaad ee Russia ayaa laga keeno midowga Carabta, loo isticmaalo magaca "Coon", "nogata" iyo "gooyay". Markaasaa waxaa ku lacagta birta ah marka hore Ruush - waxaa zlatniki oo xabbadood oo lacag ah.

erayada huriye ka qarniyo 12aad iyo 13aad

muddo Pre-Mongol ee Russia, 12-13 qarnigii, lagu gartaa horumarinta naqshadaha, kaas oo uu markaas loo yaqaan naqshadaha. Siday u kala horreeyaan, oo halkaas ka dibna wuxuu ahaa lakabka ah ee erayo la xidhiidha dhismaha iyo kacsiga dhismayaasha. Qaar ka mid ah ereyada ah ayaa markaas soo baxaya afka casriga ah, laakiin qiimaha erayga jir Ruush, waayo, waagaas oo dhan ayaa la bedelay.

The salaysan nolosha Russia ee qarnigii 12aad waxaa jiray qalcaddayda ah, kaas oo uu markaas loo yaqaan "Detinets". Wax yar ka dib, qarnigii 14aad, ereyga 'Kremlin', taas oo markaa ka ahaa sidoo kale loogu yeero magaalada. Erayga "Kremlin" noqon lahaa tusaale ka mid ah sida in la beddelo jir erayga Ruush huriye. Haddii Kremlin uu ka mid yahay, waa degenaanshaha ah madaxa gobolka, ka dibna kremlins jiray kuwo badan.

In qarniyadii 11aad iyo 12aad ee Russia ay ahaayeen magaalooyinka iyo Guryahoodu wax ka sameeyey qori dhiso. Laakiin ma ay hor istaagi karay ciribtir ah ee Mongol tataarka. Mongols The, socda oo dhulka ku furid, kaliya dhicin qalcaddayda alwaax. Taagnaa magaalada dhagax of Novgorod iyo Pskov. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee erayga "Kremlin" muuqataa in taariikhda Tver ee 1317. Waxa uu macnihiisu yahay ereyga qadiimiga ah "kremnik". Ka dibna waxay la dhisay Kremlin ee Moscow, Tula oo Kolomna.

doorka Bulshada iyo bilicsanaanta of archaisms suugaanta classical

erayada Baydka, doodda ah oo inta badan laga helo maqaalo cilmiyaysan, inta badan loo isticmaalaa by qorayaasha Ruush in la sameeyo ay hadalka farshaxanka dheeraad ah dhegeysiga. Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin in uu article tilmaamay habka of abuurka ah "Boris Godunov": "waxaan isku dayay inaan u maleynayaa in afka waqtiga."

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov sidoo kale codsatay shuqulladiisa erayadii jir ah iyo macnahooda si sax ah Dirk in xaqiiqada waqti, ka halkaas oo ay ku qaaday. Erayada qadiimiga ah ugu muuqan in uu shaqada "Song ku saabsan Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich." Tani, tusaale ahaan, "Veda", "oh, Esi aad goy" Ali. " Sidoo kale, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky qoray shuqullada kaas oo erayo badan oo jirka ah. Tani "Dmitry firin ah", "Voivod", "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk".

Doorka erayadii Epoch ee la soo dhaafay in suugaanta casriga ah

Archaisms hadhay caanka ah ee suugaanta ee qarniga 20aad. Xusuustaa shaqada caanka ah by Ilf iyo Petrov "The iyo toban Guddoomiyeyaasha". Halkan, erayada jir ah iyo macnaha ay leeyihiin a kala, midab kaftan ah.

Tusaale ahaan, in ku tilmaamay booqashada tuulada Ostap Bender Vasyuki helay weedha ah "nin il keliya ma ay qaadan ishiisa kaliya la kabo grossmeysterovoy." Loo isticmaalaa in lagu Church Slavonic archaisms midabka iyo dhacdooyinka kale: "Aabbe Fyodor gaajooday. Oo waxaan isaga ku doonayeen in ay xoolo. "

khaladaadka stylistic marka la isticmaalayo historicism iyo archaisms

Historicism iyo archaisms aad bay u embellish karaan sheekooyin, laakiin isticmaalkoodu maqaamkeeda gayin qosol ah. erayada Baydka, doodda ah taas oo inta badan waa mid aad u mashquul, sida caadiga ah, ma waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in hadalka maalin kasta. Haddii aad bilowdo weydiinaya passerby ah: "Waa maxay sababta jiilaalka qoorta furan oo idinka mid ah," ayuu ma aad fahmi (tilmaamayaa in qoorta).

In hadalka wargeyska ayaa sidoo kale laga helay isticmaalka aan habboonayn ee historicism iyo archaisms. Tusaale ahaan: ". Maamulaha dugsiga ayaa privechayut macallimiinta dhallinyarada ahaa oo u yimaadeen in ay ku dhaqmaan" Erayga "kama tagayno" uu macnihiisu yahay erayga "soo dhowayn". Mararka qaarkood ardayda loo geliyo darey archaisms iyo sidaas ma bixiyaan aad u cad iyo xitaa aan macquul ahayn. Tusaale ahaan: "Olga yimid ilmada iyo u sheegay Tatiana Ivanovna aflagaadada." Sidaa darteed, haddii aad rabto in aad isticmaasho eray hore, macnaha, fasiraad, taasoo la micno ah waa in ay noqon gabi ahaanba idiin caddaaday.

erayada huriye khayaalka iyo sheekooyin sayniska

Qof walba waa ogyahay in helay taageero aad u weyn in waqti noocyo our sida khayaalka iyo sheekooyin sayniska. Waxaa soo baxday in in khiyaali ah ku sifayn shaqeeya, erayada jir ah hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa, iyo macnaha ma aha had iyo jeer si cad u akhristaha casriga ah.

Fikradaha sida "banner" iyo "farta", akhristaha fahmi karo. Laakiin mararka qaarkood waxaa jira erayo badan oo adag sida "Caumont" iyo "inculcate". Waa inaan sheegaa in daabacayaasha had iyo jeer ma ansixin aadan isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah archaisms. Laakiin waxaa jira shuqullo kaas oo qorayaal waxaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo historicism iyo archaisms. Waxaa ka taxanaha shaqeeya "khiyaali Slavic." Tusaale ahaan, ka tixaha of Maria Stepanova 'Valkyrie', Tatiana Korostyshevsky "hooyo oo ka mid ah afarta dabaylood," Maria Semenova "Wolfhound", Denis Novozhilov "Far fog boqortooyada. Dagaalka carshiga oo ahayd. "