Drama suugaanta ku - waa ... Drama: tusaalooyin shuqullada

Drama - waa nooc ka mid ah shaqada suugaaneed, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in sheeko gaaban si ay u muujiyaan isku dhacyada bulshada, dareenka iyo xiriirka ka mid ah jilayaasha, inuu u muujiyo su'aalaha moral. Musiibo, majaajilada, iyo xataa casriga Dakatu - oo dhan kala duwanaansho of tahay in baxday in Giriigii hore.

Drama: The Book of nooca adag

Tarjumay erayga Giriigga ah ee "drama" macnihiisu yahay "inay wax ka qabtaan." Drama (sida ku qeexan suugaanta) - shaqadan, canaano khilaafka u dhexeeya jilayaasha. dabiiciga ah ee jilayaasha laga soo dajiyey iyada oo camal fiican, iyo nafta - iyada oo loo marayo wada hadal. Shuqullada ku sifayn this leeyihiin shirqool u firfircoon, barbaro iyada oo wada hadal ah jilayaasha, ugu yaraan - maroorsiga ama Polylog.

luqadda qoraaga joogo oo keliya sida hadaladiisa. Waxay yihiin shaqo farsamo, characters harakteriziruya oo sharaxaya goobta.

Drama sida nooc ka mid ah suugaanta ku duugay by xeerarka classical.

Waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr qaybood, si falimihiisii kale la wadaago. In waxa a characters yar, mid ka mid ah, silsilad qeexaya dhidibka of sheyga horumariyo. In shuqulka oo dhan waxaa jira tiro yar oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka. Haddii shaqada loo abuuray, stsenizatsii, ay mugga waa in aan ka badnayn 80 pages. Noocan oo kale ah abuurey ama la mid ah 3-4 play-saac tallaabo on the stage.

suugaanta ee qadiimiga ah

Markii hore sameeyay riwaayad ku salaysan nidaam ilaaha bacriminta ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki, waxaa ka mid ah heeso iyo qoob. Jilayaasha xirtay hargahood, wejiga - maaskaro iyo ammaan ku gabyeen. Tartamada oo lagu qabtay dhexeeya tragedians iyo majaajilaystayaal. curiya caanka - Aeschylus, Sophocles, Evripil, Aristophanes - qorayaasha caanka ah ee Giriigii hore.

riwaayadaha heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan. Works of suugaanta ee la xiriira noocan ah ee farshaxanka, wax badan oo arrin: waxaa a musiibo, majaajilada iyo jilidda riwaayadaha laftiisa. At tragicomedy Isgoyska sameeyay, sidaas oo caan ah in dugsiga Ruush.

Horumarinta riwaayadaha oo tusaale u ah masiibada

In dareenka suugaan erayga "musiibo" waxaa loola jeedaa "song riyaha". Waxaa la xidhiidha murugo dayrta marka ilaaha reer khamri tegey gelin, ama tusaale u dhimanayaan. Aeschylus waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii musiibo, ayuu kaamil ah foomka oo ka mid ah tallaabada of actor labaad. Sophocles daray qof saddexaad. marinnada Dareenka ka muujiyay in marka la eego baroor, hadal tacsi ah naxdin iyo cadho. Chorus ammaanay by yahay weydiinaya midab saxda ah.

Musiibadii in Baydka Greece ka koobnaa lix qaybood classic: quraafaad ah, siidaynta ka mid ah jilayaasha, muhiimka ah oo la taaban karo opinion, af dayri oo ton, music iyo lanooga. Dhibaatada qabsatay nafta oo la ogaado dhibaatada.

Dhibaatada beddelin timaado in ay Renaissance, kaas oo noqday caan ah oo mar kale. characters Shakespeare ee ku dhaxjiraan masiirka cusub. Hadda xaaladaha bulshada ciyaaro ah ka muhiimsan ciyaarta ilaahyada. Caanka ah "King Lear", "Othello," "Hamlet," ilaa maantadan la joogo waa buug aqooneed lagu waayo curiya jilayaasha iyo dhallinyarada.

Inta lagu jiro wax Nuurin la'aantiis ka, jilayaasha dagaalamayaan fikradaha. musiibooyin caanka ah ee Schiller "tuugagga ku" iyo "Love iyo mu'aamaraad" waa ineysan si ay caanka ah ee shuqullada Goethe ee "Egmont" iyo "Goetz von Berlichingen".

Nasjonalromantiske isku, laakiin dhexeeya Caalamka gudaha iyo kuwa dibadda ah jilayaasha. Byron, Hugo ee shaqada ee ku sifayn musiibadii.

qoyska suugaanta Most

Drama suugaanta ku - ugu horrayn waxa weeyi a category farshaxanka weyn. progenitor asalka ah ee musiibo iyo majaajilada ee maanta ayaa helay iyo xubnaha cusub ee qoyska. wakiilada Modern - melodrama this, sawir vaudeville. Melodrama sida nooc ka mid ah suugaanta kala qaybinaya characters galay dadka "wanaagsan" oo "xun": jilayaasha leeyihiin hab dhaqan wanaagsan kala horjeeda. khilaafka A dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa qiimaha dabeecadda, iyo iyada oo sababtu tahay waa go'aan lama filaan ah. Iyo sawir vaudeville - a fan ee la xoojiyey.

noocyo dhegeysiga suugaanta

Laakiin marka laga reebo riwaayadaha ah, waxaa jira genres kale ee suugaanta dhegeysiga. miiska ayaa kaa caawin doona in ay kala saaraan wixii aan hadda falanqaynta si faahfaahsan qaar ka mid ah.

Novella - nooc ka mid ah story: a la maadada af iyo style a sheeko dhexdhexaad shaqada tiraab gaaban. Ma jiro macne nafsi iyo dhammaato lama filaan ah, sida in melodrama ah.

Oda - maanta huriye, laakiin waa mid aad loo jecel yahay ee qarnigii 18aad, shaqada grand, kaas oo dhigaya iyada oo gabayo ama gabayo qarka u saaran inuu music.

Qormo - wax dhab ah nolosha dhabta ah, sheeko dhab ah.

Sheeko - sifayn Tacaddi on nolosha geesiga, ama characters dhawr ah, oo muujinaya dhacdooyin isku xigta uga noqdeen nolosha. Weyn ee mugga badan sheekada, laakiin hindiga yar.

Gabay - sheekada qaab gabay.

Story - walaalkiis ka yar sheekada, taas waxaa loola jeedaa mid ama ka badan dhacdooyinka uga noqdeen nolosha ee geesiga. tallaabo ma socon muddo, iyo jilayaasha yar. Sida caadiga ah, inta badan macluumaadka uu ka yimaado sheekeeye aan la arki karin. The story iyo maansadu - the noocyo ugu caansan xagga shuqullada suugaanta.

Roman - shaqo sheeko weyn, taas oo dhowr kulmada ku lug muddo muhiim ah nolosha ama nolosha aadanaha oo dhan. Characters waa u dhigma, in sheekada ay jirto aqoonsiga dhibaatooyinka bulsho weyn, dhibaatooyinka.

Epic - shaqada weyn ee dhacdooyinka qaranka ama taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah. Made in foomka of tiraab ama gabayada. qorayaasha inta badan loo yaqaan tixaha Tacaddi, laakiin waa ka content ee la soo dhaafay nolosha qaranka kala duwan, canbaareeyay nololeedka dhammaan qaybaha nolosha oo ballaadhkeeduna juquraafi iyo taariikhiga ah baaxadda.

Balcad - gabay lyric-Tacaddi ah, taas oo loogu dhawaaqaa line taariikhi ah in waddaa iyada oo sheekada oo dhan. Balcad ka duwan content ee maansadu lyric. In dambe ee qoraaga oo doonaysa in ay muujiyaan dareenkooda gudaha, halkii ay ka dhagarta. Intaa waxaa dheer, gabayo gaagaaban.

Song - muujinta afkaarta, dareenka, sheekada iyada oo gabayada qarka u saaran inuu music. Kala qaybiyaa qaybo, halkaas oo joojiyaan oo ah - chorus ah, iyo horumarinta dhagarta - couplets.

dad yaqaan, taariikhiga ah, lyrical, songs geesinimada. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay heeso iyo ballads - waa ay noocyo ugu da'da weyn suugaanta.

Shaxda hoose waxay kaa caawin doontaa si aad u hesho fikrad guud oo ku saabsan noocyada kala duwan ee qaybaha suugaanta hal abuur leh.

qaab suugaaneed

dhalashada riwaayadaha

Gaabis iyo qiyaasay bilood ee hore ee qarnigii XIX la calaamadeeyay by faafidda deg deg ah ee suugaanta riwaayado.

Dhinaca mid this xaqiiqada ah waxaa sabab u ah danta in tiyaatarka, halkaas oo ay jiraan Galaxy dhan ah fanaaniinta tayo iyo qorayaasha. Dhinaca kale - in muddada this, waxaa jira fashion ah guriga akhriska iyo salon ah suugaanta. musiibadii Popular of Kryukov, Ozerov Plavilshchikov, Viskovagova, Gruzintseva, Glinka, Zotov. Waxa uu ku riyaaqay guulo waa weyn, "Marfa Posadnitsa, ama Conquest Novagoroda The" Ivanova.

Classics iyo iska hor imaad aqoonsiga

Naqdiya PA Katenin isku dayay in uu difaaco foomka classical ee ku sifayn ah, sababta turjumay Corneille iyo Racine. Bilowga riwaayadaha qarnigii XIX suugaanta - waxay ahayd nuqul ka mid ah riwaayadaha Faransiis. Waxaa jira fikradda ah "musiibo dacayadeed-classical," soo weerar ka shaqeeya Kotzebue. muhimka ah ee weerarada muhiim noqoto "Drama Bulletin", Languages heli karo: Barashada ka 1808. Mid ka mid ah heesaha curiya ugu goolasha badan ee wakhtigaas ahaa Shahovsky. Laga soo bilaabo markii uu qalinka soo baxay in ka badan 100 Riwaayado. Wuxuu ahaa majaajilooyin caanka ah ee oo itaaldarrada gudaha ee cayaarta, by dhaleeceeynta khubaro dabooleen aragba jawi been abuur ah oo saamayn.

noocyo New of riwaayadaha suugaanta

Vaudeville waayo maskaxda Ruush ugu horeysay ka kooban Khmelnitsky. Isagu wuxuu ahaa turjumaan tayo leh. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxay noqdaan caan ku tahay oo uu iska yeelyeel bashaash ah riwaayadaha Faransiis ah "Daar hawada", "Gabby," "jilicsan".

Griboyedov comedy "Waxaa iska hoogay ka Wit" - waa buuggii ugu horreeyey Ruush ee asluubta, kaas oo la xaliyay sameeyo qaab iyo nooc oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha Faransiis. Shaqada Tani, lagu daabacay 1831, iyo haatan waa guul weyn.

English suugaanta sidoo kale saamayn weyn ku saabsan samaynta riwaayadaha Ruushka. Tusaale ahaan, xitaa Belinsky ogaaday in Pushkin jeestay Shakespeare ee Boris Godunov. Pushkin si xor ah reshapes sida Wehbe oo ka mid ah geesiyaal boqorka masiibada. Laakiin characters Ruush ma ka yar tahay calanka of hamiday, iyo hoos miisaanka riwaayadaha dhagax weyn.

Tusaalooyinka Lermontov ee shuqullada, suuragal ahayn in farshaxan dareenka, laakiin sida xiiso leh oo ku saabsan wax aragti ah gabayaa, u ogolaan in ay dhex gasho galay gudaha dunida of cajiib ah stylist. Gogol ee "Isbatooraha" - a drama-bam, taas oo ka dhigtay Jees ee dhibaatada xafiisyada dadweynaha. Ka dib markii guusha Gogol in Russia ay jirto fashion ee qof Ruush, halkii ay ka talaabsan ee la turjumay oo suugaanta Yurub.

Drama suugaanta ku - sidoo kale waa wax soo saarka ee Turgenev, shaqeeyey sifayn ee dabayaaqadii 40 iyo 50 ee hore. Uu play "Freeloader The", "Quraac at Leader", "Bachelor", "Gobolka" ayaa weli ku jira waajihid ku masrixiyada.

All fiirin dheeraad ah oo dabiici ah jilayaasha u bartaan in shuqullada bartamihii qarnigii XIX. Tusaale ahaan, qof ee Pisemsky "qadhaadh Masiirka" - tuulada ridayeen ee size-full oo aan farjiyadooda, a. author of Comedy "Bacal", "wax Nuurin la'aantiis", "hanad dhaqaale" gaaban ku noolaa on stage.

Ruush Shakespeare

Drama suugaanta Ruush jirin lahaa qaab lahayn Ostrovsky. author Tani waxa ay ahayd inay awoodaan inay ku guuleysan oo keliya ma aha jacaylka dadka 40 sano Ostrowski gelin ku saabsan 50 xabbadood, laakiin sidoo kale in ay deeqsi dhadhan si dhagaystayaasha shuqul wanaagsan oo adag. DOB yeedhay shuqulka Alexander Nikolayevich "Cadad Life". Dhammaan qoraallada waxa lagu soo gaaray, sida riwaayadaha a classical. Qeexid suugaanta ee riwaayadaha Ostrovsky ee - riwaayadaha a universal. Qoraaga isku dayo si ay u muujiyaan ma aha oo kaliya xaaladda, laakiin weli raadinaya xididdada dhibaatada ee dabiiciga ah oo ka mid ah jilayaasha, deegaanka.

Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo bandhigaan si ay dadweynaha ma ahan oo keliya geesiyaal iyo noocyada qof cilmi nafsiga, kaas oo si fudud ay u nafteena u aragnaa. Abwaan Gifted qoray majaajilada la dhalaalayay ( "The Guurka ee Bal'zaminova"), horjoogsado musiibo ( "Biriqleh"), ka dhigay qaylada dhagaystayaasha, yaab, u damqasho. Shuqulkiisa - trove khasnad oo hadal Ruush ah.

Drama sida nooc ka mid ah suugaanta ee Russia, sida dugsiga asalka ah ee raacsan Ostrovsky hore u soo baxdo inta lagu guda jiro nolosha sayidkii. dayda Bright of tayadiisa ahaayeen Potekhin, Dyachenko, baalasheeda, Nightingales, Chernyshev, Vladykin, shah, Lviv oo Antropov. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen curiya fiican ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah. Waxay ahaayeen sayidyadiinna ah ee farshaxanka masraxa, tallaabo masrixiyada.

Marxaladda xigta ee horumarinta qoraal riwaayado noqdo goob warshadaha. The wakiillo ugu xiisaha badan ee riwaayadaha casriga ah waa Potekhin, Ippolit Shpazhinsky, Tarnowski, Sumbatov A. Suvorin, Karpov.

Tolstoy riwaayadaha sidii qalab in la wargeliyo dadweynaha, ayaa lagu daabacay "The Power of mugdiga" iyo "The Fruits of Nuurin la'aantiis".
In 60s waxaa ku sifayn ah oo taariikhi ah taariikhda sida riwaayadaha ah. Tusaalooyinka shuqullada Ostrovsky ee "Minin-Sukhoruk", "Voivod", "Vasilisa Melentevna" - waa tusaalaha ugu cad ee ku sifayn this dhif ah. Sifooyinkaa la mid yihiin tirinta codadka Forbrydelsen Sharaf A. K. Tolstogo "Dhimashada Ioanna Groznogo," "King of Fyodor Ivanovich" iyo "Tsar Boris" iyo taariikhda Chaeva ( "King Vasiliy Shuysky"). Qodxo riwaayadaha soo jireenka ah ee shaqada Averkina ah: "Mamay", "Comedy ah Frol Sirkaalkii Ruush Skobeyev", "Kashirskaya jir ah."

riwaayadaha casriga ah

Maanta riwaayadaha ay sii xuubsiiban, laakiin waxa ay ku salaysan tahay oo dhan sharciyada classical ee ku sifayn ah.

In suugaanta riwaayadaha Ruush maanta - waa kuwan magacyadoodii sidii Edvard Radzinsky, Nikolai Erdman, Mikhail Chusov. Sida blurs xuduudaha iyo heshiisyada, in safka hore mawduucyada lyrical iyo isku dhacyada kuwaas oo saamayn Uisten Oden, Thomas Bernhard iyo Martin McDonagh.