Daro Technology: description, qeexidda, iyo codsiga kasoo muuqday ratings. teknoolajiyada daro in industry

technology 3D-daabacaadda la soo bandhigay sannadkii 1986, markii shirkadda 3D Systems horumariyo printer ugu horeysay ee gaar ah - Mashiinka stereolithography, kuwaas oo si ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha difaaca. The mashiinada marka hore ahaayeen kuwo aad u qaali ah oo la doortay ee wax la abuuro of daydo ahaa xadidan. horumarinta degdegga ah ee daabacaadda saddex dhinac-cabbir bilaabay horumarinta technology design (CAD), xisaabinta iyo jilidda (CAE) iyo machining (Cam). Markaasaa maanta waa ay adag tahay si aad u hesho meel ka mid ah wax soo saarka, taas oo aan lahaa ayaa loo isticmaalaa 3D-madbacadaha :. iyaga Isticmaal in ay soo saaraan qeybo ka mid ah diyaaradaha, pride, quusta, qalab, lugood iyo implants, dahabka, iwm rajada The waa wax iska cad - technology daro mustaqbalka dhow noqon doonaan ahmiyada ugu of technology injineernimada farsamada .

wadamada horseedka u ah adduunka oo dhan ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb ka 3D-tartanka. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 2012, Yangstoune, Ohio, furay Institute Innovation National NAMII saarka daro ah - xarunta koowaad ee teknoolajiyada daro shan iyo toban soo saaray dalka Mareykanka ah. Machadka Machine park hore 10 ka mid ah mashiinada daro, saddex ka mid ah ay yihiin mashiinada ugu horumarsan si ay u abuuraan qaybo bir ah.

Eray bixinta iyo dirka

Nuxurka of technology daro waa in la isu geeyo alaabta si ay u abuuraan walxaha xogta laga 3D-model lakabka by lakabka. Tani waa ka farsamooyinka wax soo saarka subtractive caadiga micnahoodu machining kala duwan - ay ka saareen wax ka workpiece ah.

technology daro waxa lagu tilmaamay:

• by qalabka loo isticmaalo (dareere, particulate, polymeric, budo biraha);
• by joogitaanka laser ah;
• by habka of diyaarinta dhismaha lakabka (saamayn kaamerada, cindiga la ultraviolet ama iftiin muuqda, halabuurka gal ah);
• by habka of formation of lakabka.

Waxaa jira laba siyaabood oo la xirrira lakabka ah. marka hore waa in madal ugu horeysay ee waa in lagu shubo on qalab budada ah, waa xijaabi ama rullaluistemadka mindi si ay u abuuraan ah xitaa lakabka ah oo dhumucdiisuna waxay la doonayo ee wax. Waxay dhacdaa processing xushay budada laser ama hab kale oo qayb ka ah budada ee xarunta (xaabo ama bidabeysan) sida laga soo xigtay qeybta hadda CAD-daydo. Dhismaha diyaaradda waa beddelin, iyo qaar ka mid ah budada luminayo. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan ereygu la xushay iyo sidoo kale sintering laser xushay, haddii xarunta ka mid ah qalab waa laser ah. Habka labaad ka kooban yahay ee dhigaalka si toos ah wax ku barta tamarta Gebogebadii ah.

Ururka ASTM, taasoo horumarisa heerka warshadaha, kala qaybinaya technology 3D-daro ku galay 7 qaybood.

1. Extruding wax. In dhismaha dhibic of extruder preheated quudin wax koollada, isku dar ah ee gal iyo budo biraha. model cayriin dhisay waxaa la dhigayaa in foorno in meesha laga saaro budada gal iyo sinter ah - si la mid ah sida ay dhacdo in teknoolajiyada dhaqanka. technology daro Tan waxaa fuliyey hoos ku MJS alaabooyinka (Multiphase Jet Solidification, solidification jet multiphase), FDM (dhisnayd dhigaalka Tusaale, jilidda by fusing layerwise), FFF (dhisnayd buuxieyey been abuurtay, habka wax soo saarka fusing filaments).
2. Xereen wax. Tusaale ahaan, in wax Polyjet ama technology photopolymer madaxa multi-jet waxaa laga codsadaa in dhismaha dhibic. technology daro waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Multi noqontay Waxyaabaha.
3. gal rushaynta. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid jet technology khad-Jet-duro ee dhismaha zone ma qaabeeyaan wax, wakiilka gal ah (ExOne technology saarka daro).
4. Xarunta qalabka sheet. Dhisidda wax waa film polymer, bireed birta, waraaqaha iyo kuwa kale. Waxa loo isticmaalaa, tusaale ahaan, in daro technology ultrasonic Fabrisonic. taarikada bir ah oo dhuuban waa la wada welded by ultrasound, ka dib markii taas oo bir xad-dhaaf ah waa lagaa saarayaa by axdi qarameedka. technology daro waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lala subtractive.
5. qubeyska Photopolymerization. technology wuxuu isticmaalaa qalab Qaabaynta dareere - cusbi photopolymer. Tusaale ahaan waa shirkad magaalada Nyala oo technology ah Systems 3D iyo shirkadda Envisiontec DLP-technology, Digital Light israac.
6. Barafku ka mid ah wax in a daaha pre-sameeyay. Waxaa loo adeegsaday ee SLS-technology, iyadoo la isticmaalayo sida il of laser tamarta ama madaxa kaamerada (SHS shirkadda Blueprinter).
7. tamarta Direct Munaasabad meeshii dhismaha. Waxyaabaha iyo tamarta quudin ilaa barta barafku dhismaha isku mar. jirka waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida madaxa ka shaqeeya, qalabaysan nidaam qeybinayay tamarta iyo qalab. Energy ku timaadaa qaab ah ee dogob xoog of electrons (Sciaky) ama dogob laser (POM, Optomec,). Mararka qaarkood madaxa la dhajinta on the "gacanta" ee robot ah.

kala soocidda Tani waa wadahadalo kale oo badan oo ku saabsan diiniga ah teknoolajiyada daro ka badan kuwii hore.

Fields codsiga

suuqa technology daro ee dhaqdhaqaaqa horumarinta ka hor warshadaha kale. Its celcelis ahaan koritaanka sanadlaha lagu qiyaasay 27%, sida ay sheegtay shirkada IDC ku qiyaastay in ay 2019 ka dhigan doonaa in 26.7 bilyan oo doolar marka la barbar dhigo 11 billion ee 2015

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Suuqa AT ah ayaan weli u muujin kara dihin ee wax soo saarka ee badeecadda. Ilaa 10% oo ka mid ah shirkadaha qiimaha wax soo saarka alaabta baabbi'ine ay wadanay. Iyo shirkado badan oo horay u qaaday qeybta suuqa this. Laakiin haray 90% galaa wax soo saarka, si la abuuro codsiyada saarka deg deg ah ee wax soo saarka waxay noqon doontaa jihada ugu weyn ee horumarinta warshadaha this mustaqbalka.

In 2014, saamiga tiknolojiyada wadanay degdeg ah suuqa of daro inkasta oo hoos u dhacay, waxaa ku hadhay ugu sareeya - 35%, share of saarka koray si degdeg ah oo gaadhay 31% share a abuurka qalabka hadhay hadhay ee 25%, inta kale waxaa lagu tiriyaa by cilmi-baarista iyo waxbarashada.

By qaybaha dhaqaalaha, codsiyada AT-tech qaybiyey sida soo socota:

• 21% - badeecooyinka iyo korontada,
• 20% - baabuur;
• 15% - daawada, oo ay ku jiraan ilkaha;
• 12% - aeronautics iyo warshadaha wax soo saarka boos;
• 11% - saarka oo ka mid ah hab-soo-saarka;
• 8% - qalabka ciidamada;
• 8% - formation;
• 3% - dhismaha.

Amateurs iyo xirfadlayaasha

AT-casriga ah suuqa u qaybsan yahay hiwaayadda iyo xirfadeed. suuqa hiwaayadda waxaa ka mid ah 3D-madbacadaha iyo dayactirka, taas oo ka mid ah adeegga, isticmaalo, software, oo waxaa loogu talagalay dunida shakhsiga, waxbarashada iyo muuqaalaynta fikrado iyo fududeeyo xiriirka marxalad hore ee horumarinta ganacsiga cusub.

Professional 3D-madbacadaha waa qaali oo ku haboon yihiin dhalmo la dheereeyey. Waxay leeyihiin dhul badan oo ah dhismaha, waxqabadka, saxnaanta, isku halaynta, qalab model kala duwan oo la dheereeyey. mashiinada Kuwani wax badan ka adag yihiin oo waxay u baahan yihiin horumarinta xirfadaha gaarka ah si ay ula qalabka is-shaqeeyaan, qalab model iyo software. Caadi ahaan, shaqaale ee mashiinka uu noqdo khabiir ah oo khibrad leh oo ku saabsan teknolojiga daro leh waxbarasho farsamo ee sare.

Technology daro ee 2015

Sida ku cad warbixinta Wohlers Report 2015, 1988 iyo 2014 79 602 industry ee 3D-madbacadaha ayaa lagu rakibay dunida oo dhan. . Isla mar ahaantaana 38.1% ka mid ah qalabka ay ku baxday lacag ka badan 5 kun oo doolarka Maraykanka ah ay ka soo USA, 9.3% - waayo, Japan, 9.2% - in China, iyo 8.7% - in Germany. Naso dunida fog ka hor madaxda. Laga soo bilaabo 2007 ilaa 2014 mugga sanadlaha ah ee iibka ah ee madbacadaha desktop ku kordheen tan iyo 66 in ay 139 584 unug. In 2014, 91.6% iibka tiriyaa desktop 3D-madbacadaha, iyo 8.4% - codsiyada warshadaha ee wax soo saarka daro, faa'iido ka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tiriyaa 86,6% wadarta, ama 1.12 billion oo doolar marka la eego buuxda. mashiinada Desktop qabowsana 173,2 milyan oo doolar oo 13.4%. In 2016, iibka ayaa la filayaa in ay koraan in ay $ 7.3 billion, sanadka 2018 - 12.7 billion, 2020 suuqa gaari doonaa $ 21.2 billion.

Sida laga soo xigtay Wohlers, FDM-technology ahaaday, celcelis ahaan 300 oo noocyada adduunka oo dhan, maalin kasta ku daray beddelka cusub. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu gadaa degaanka oo kaliya, sidaas darteed waxaa aad u adag, haddii aan macquul aheyn, si aad u hesho macluumaad ku saabsan tirada noocyada macmalay ee 3D-madbacadaha. Iyada oo kalsoonida waxaan dhihi karaa in ay tirada suuqa kordhiyaa leh maalin kasta marayay. Waxaa jira kala duwanaanshaha weyn ee size iyo farsamooyinka loo isticmaalo. Tusaale ahaan, shirkadda Berlin ee soo saarta a BigRep FDM-printer weyn loo yaqaan BigRep ONE.2 qiimo of Euro 36 kun., Oo awood u leh daabacaadda kor u diidan tahay 900 x 1055 x 1100 mm leh xal of 100-1000 microns, iyadoo labo extruders iyo kartida ay u isticmaalaan qalab kala duwan.

Industry - waayo,

warshadaha duulista waxay ku maalgelinaysaa si xoogan wax soo saarka ee daro ah. adeegsiga tiknolojiyada daro hoos u dhigi doontaa isticmaalka qalabka qaatay on saarka ee qaybo by 10 jeer. Waxaa la filayaa in Company Aviation GE sanad walba daabici doonaa 40 kun oo Injectors.. Oo Airbus by 2018 shirkadda u sii socotay inay daabacdo ilaa 30 tan oo qaybo ka mid ah bishiiba. Shirkadda Hagidda horumarka la taaban karo ee dabeecadaha qaybo ka soo saaray hab noocan oo kale ah marka loo eego dhaqanka. Waxaa soo baxay in qaybta ugu, kaas oo loogu talagalay load 2.3 tons, dhab ahaantii, u adkeysan karaan naf dhibkeed ilaa 14 metrik halka yaraynta culeyska by badh. Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadda soo saartaa faahfaahinta sheet aluminium iyo Xidhiidhiyayaasha shidaalka. diyaarad Airbus waxay leedahay 60 kun. Cadad, daabacan ee 3D-printer Company Fortus Stratasys. Shirkadaha kale ee warshadaha aerospace ayaa sidoo kale la isticmaalayo technology saarka daro. iyaga ka mid ah: Bell Helicopter, BAE Systems, Bombardier, Boeing, Embraer, Honeywell Aerospace, General Dynamics, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce iyo SpaceX.

Digital teknoolajiyada daro waxaa horay u soo isticmaashay in soo saaridda alaabta kala duwan ee macaamiisha. Company di'i, adeegyada daro wax soo saarka, iyadoo lala kaashanayo Hoet Eyeware in soo saaridda ee koob iyo hagaajinta aragtida iyo muraayadaha. 3D-daydo waxaa lagu bixiyaa adeegyo kala duwan oo daruur. Kaliya ee shirkadda 3D Warehouse oo Sketchup bixiyaan 2.7 million baarka. Ha ku sii xisbiga iyo warshadaha fashion ah. Rs Print isticmaalaa nidaam in cabiraya cadaadiska ee ay calaacalaha ah, si aad u daabacdo insoles shaqsi. Samaynta ay tijaabinayaan bikinis, kabaha iyo dharka.

wadanay degdeg ah

Under wadanay degdeg ah u fahmaan abuurista waxyaabaha noocooda in wakhtiga ugu gaaban suurogal. Waa mid ka mid ah codsiyada ugu weyn ee daro farsamooyinka wax soo saarka. Noocooda - waa nooc ka mid ah wax soo saarka looga baahan yahay in ay tayadoodii qaabka of qayb ka mid ah qiimaynta ergonomics, awoodaha xaqiijinta shirka iyo saxnimada of xal khariidad. Taasi waa sababta hoos nolosha qaybaha wax soo saarka si weyn hoos ugu dhigi kartaa wakhtiga horumarinta. Sidoo kale, noocooda wuxuu noqon karaa model ah oo loogu talagalay imtixaanka ama ka shaqeynayaan xaqiijinta iaydoo aerodynamic iyo hydrodynamic qoyska iyo qalab caafimaad. prototypes badan ayaa abuuray sida lagu daydo design shidaal la Gudigga ee qaabeynta, midabyo iyo midabaynta iyo D. Waayo wadanay degdeg ah si on. isticmaalaa jaban 3D-madbacadaha.

wax soo saarka si degdeg ah

technology The daro in industry ee ay leeyihiin rajada weyn. wax soo saarka yar oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha la geometry adag oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka gaar ah caadiga ah ee Dhismaha maraakiibta ka, awood injineernimada, qaliin dib u iyo daawada ilkaha, warshadaha aerospace. beerashada si toos ah waxyaabaha biraha waxaa gasha dantiisa dhaqaale, maadaama ay tani hab wax soo saarka ahaa ka kharash yar. Iyadoo adeegsiga tiknolojiyada daro dhigi jirkooda ka shaqeeya tamarta iyo fallaadhihii, implants iyo lugood, dayactir ee baabuurta iyo diyaaradaha.

Horumarinta ee wax soo saarka si degdeg ah oo gacan ka koror weyn oo tirada alaabta budo biraha la heli karo. Haddii sanadkii 2000 waxaa jiray 5-6 nooc oo ah budo, hadda waxa ay bixisaa badan oo kala duwan, lacagta in tobanaan kuwan raadkaygay ka steel dhismaha si ay birta qaaliga ah iyo superalloys.

technology ididiilo iyo daro injineernimada farsamada, halkaas oo ay ka loo isticmaali karaa in soo saaridda qalabka iyo qalabka wax soo saarka taxane - qobays for mashiinada wax taaj oo kale duro, wasakhahaasi, habyaalada.

Ultimaker 2 - ka 3D-printer ugu fiican 2016

In opinion ee magazine CHIP, kaas oo sameeyay baaritaanka iyo marka la barbar dhigo dabeecadaha reerka ee 3D-madbacadaha, madbacadaha ugu fiican 2016 model Ultimaker 2 shirkadaha Ultimaker, Reniforce RF1000 shirkadda Conrad iyo Replicator Desktop 3D MakerBot shirkadda Printer.

Ultimaker 2+ in ay model fiicnaaday isticmaalaa technology jilidda by fusing. 3D-printer kala duwan yar oo dhumucdiisuna waxay daaha of 0.02 mm, xisaabinta waqti yar, daabacaadda kharash yar (2600 mari halkii 1 kg ee wax). Features Muhiimka ah:

• size ee qolkii shaqeeya - 223 x 223 x 305 mm,
• miisaanka - 12.3 kg,
• size madaxa - 0,25 / 0.4 / 0.6 / 0.8 mm,
• dhiman heerkulka - 180-260 ° C,
• lakabka xal - 150-60 / 200-20 / 400-20 / 600-20 microns;
• Print Speed - 8-24 mm ³ / s,
• sax XYZ - 12,5-12,55 microns;
• wax - uurqaadida, ABS, CPE dhexroor 2.85 mm,
• Software - Cura;
• nooc file taageerayaan - STL, OBJ, AMF;
• Power isticmaalka - 221 W,
• Qiimaha - 1895 euro, iyo model saldhig 2495 euro ku kordhiyay.

Sida laga soo xigtay dib u eegista macaamiisha, printer waa iftiin si loo soo dajiyo iyo sida loo isticmaalo. Dabaal xalinta sare, sariir is-qabsado, noocyo kala duwan oo badan oo wax loo isticmaalo, isticmaalka software il furan. khasaaraha ka mid ah printer furo design printer ah, taas oo keeni karta in gubasho ka wax kulul.

LulzBot Mini 3D Printer

In dib u eegis ee majaladda Magazine PC Ultimaker 2 iyo Replicator Desktop 3D Printer waxaa galay saddex top, laakiin halkan in meesha ugu horeysa ahaa LulzBot printer ee Mini 3D Printer. caddaymaha Its waa sida soo socota:

• size ee qolkii shaqeeya - 152 x 152 x 158 mm,
• Miisaanka - 8,55 kg,
• dhiman heerkulka - 300 ° C,
• lakabka dhumucdiisuna - 0.05-0.5 mm,
• Print Speed - 275 mm / s at height a of lakabka 0,18 mm,
• wax - uurqaadida, ABS, HIPS, PVA, PETT, caag, nylon, polycarbonate, PETG, PCTE, PC-ABS, iyo dhexroor dadka kale ee 3 mm.
• Software - Cura, OctoPrint, BotQueue, Slic3r, Printrun, MatterControl iwm,.
• Power isticmaalka - 300 W,
• Qiimaha - $ 1 250.

Sciaky EBAM 300

Mid ka mid ah mashiinada fiican warshadaha daro wax soo saarka waa EBAM 300 shirkadood Sciaky. qoriga dogobka ishaada Electron sababa layers biraha xawaare ilaa 9 kg halkii saac.

• size ee qolkii shaqeeya - 5791 x 1219 x 1219 mm,
• cadaadiska qowladdii vacuum ah - 1x10 ^-4 Torr;
• isticmaalka awoodda - ilaa 42 kw ee danab a of 60 kV;
• technology - extrusion;
• wax - titanium iyo titanium Alloys, tantalum, inconel, tungsten, niobium, ahama, aluminium, bir, waxaaga copper-nickel (70/30 iyo 30/70);
• lacagta ugu badan - 8605,2 litir;
• Qiimaha - 250 kun oo doolarka Mareykanka ..

teknoolajiyada daro in Russia

mashiinada-fasalka warshadaha ee Russia aan la soo saaray. Inkasta oo kaliya ee la sameeyey ee "Rosatom", MSTU xarunta laser ah. University Bauman "STANKIN" Polytechnic University of St. Petersburg, University Federaalka Urals ah. "Voronezhselimmash", soo saara 3D-madbacadaha waxbarashada iyo gudaha "Alfa", waxaa la soo koraya warshad ganacsi daro.

Xaaladda isla sahay. Hogaamiyaha horumarinta budo iyo daawooyinka budada in Russia waa VIAM. Waxay soo saaray budada ah ee farsamooyinka daro waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dib u soo celinta ee garbaha marawaxadaha, by si ah Permian "matoorada diyaaradaha». Progress waa iyo machadka All-Ruush ah Alloys iftiinka (giraangiraha). Isbeddellada yihiin xarumaha kala duwan injineernimada dhan Ruushka. "Dayuuradaas", Ural Branch of Ruush Academy of Sciences, UFU keeni horumarkooda. Laakiin weli ma ay awoodaan in ay la kulanto tan iyo baahida yar oo 20 tan oo ah budada ah sanadkiiba.

Marka tan la eego, Dowladda baray Wasaaradda Waxbarashada, Wasaaradda Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha, Wasaaradda Warshadaha, Wasaaradda Isgaarsiinta, Ruush Academy of Sciences, Fanø, "Roscosmos", "Rosatom", "Rosstandart" hay'adaha horumarinta si loo sameeyo horumarka barnaamijka abaabulan iyo cilmi-baarista. Waayo, waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo qoondeeyo dheeraad ah qaybinta miisaaniyadda, iyo sidoo kale in fekero suuragalnimada in wada-maalgelinta kharash ku Fund Welfare Qaranka iyo ilo kale. Waxaa lagu talinayaa si ay u taageeraan wax soo saarka technology cusub, ee Vol. H. geynta, MERS, "Rosnano" Fund "IAE", wakaaladda dhoofinta "EXIAR" ah, "Vnesheconombank". Dawladda ayaa waxaa sidoo kale wakiil Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Ganacsiga diyaargarayn doonaa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka dawladda ee horumarinta iyo horumar ee tartan warshadaha.