Dahab Imisa Ruush? kaydka dahabka ee Russia

Waxaa qarsoon ma ahn in dahab ah waa at times oo dhan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay calaamad u ah xoolo. Waayo, biraha qaali dadka dhacdaan oo u diiday nolosha. wadamada oo dhan ka qayb qaataan colaadaha military, si aad u hesho xaq u leedahay inaad hantidaan dahab.

Currently, "ayuu cajiib ah" macdanta ma laga badiyay miraheeda iyo si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa by awoodaha dunida sida qalab wax ku ool ah si ay u ilaaliyaan ka kacday dhaqaale. In si kale loo dhigo, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah sanduuqa keydka (caymiska), sida ka hor, waa dahab.

"In reserve"

Waa in la ogaadaa in tirakoobka maanta ayaa muujinaya in in Tsentrabankah dal oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan juunyeerka IMF ee, "been" in ka badan 32 kun oo tan oo bir ah "oo sharaf leh". Waxay xitaa ka badan oo dadweynaha qaab ah lacagta birta ah iyo dahabka waa.

Marka tan la eego, qaar badan oo isku wadanka yihiin our ayaa xiiso u su'aasha dahab Ruush sida badan.

Xusid mudan waa xaqiiqda ah in at bilowgii qarnigii XXI ee mugga oo dahab ah soo saaray dunida oo dhan waa ku saabsan 150 400 oo tan oo bir "dhaldhalaalaan".

Toban sano kaddib, tiradaasi kor ku xusan ayaa soo sara kacay 15 kun oo metric.

About 20% oo ka mid ah "dhulka" hay'adaha bangiyada reserve caalamka qaban sida hantida reserve iyo lacag xasilinta.

Qaab dhismeedka Stock qabto 1750 tan oo "cajiib ah" ee biraha qaali ah, kaas oo loogu tala galay shirkadaha maalgashiga.

Dabcan, muwaadiniinta dalka baaxad weyn this ee xaaladaha xasilooni lacagta qaranka daneeyn doonaan inay ogaadaan sida badan oo dahab Ruush.

booska US on mugga of kaydka dahabka

Waa in la ogaadaa in ee 30-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, wadamo badan, wax cabsi ah ka gardarada Jarmal, Mareykanka ku wareejisay kaydka dahabka ay xafiddo. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo iyagu waa at Federaalka Reserve Bank of New York.

Currently, dawladda Maraykanka si taxadar leh kormeera dhammaan hawlaha dhaqaale ee IMF ayaa, kaas oo ku tuurin karo oo dahab ah aan oggolaansho laga haysan sharci-dejinta.

Ilaa dhawaan, xaaladan oo dhan diyaarin. tallaabooyin Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 2011, Venezuela ayaa bilaabay loogu talagalay laabto qayb ka mid ah biraha sharaf dibadda waa, taas oo ku saabsan 160 tons oo qiimihiisu yahay $ 11 billion.

Xaaladda dalka

Laakiin back to su'aasha ah: "Sidee dahab Ruush badan" Ka dib markii a digression taariikheed yar.

Russia ka hor kacaankii

reserve dahab Ruush ee bilowgii qarnigii XX ahaa in ka badan oo cajiib ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in ay jiraan dad badan oo doonaya in ay dhacaan, "khasaarin" iyo iibiyo hantida fund dahab ah ee dalka ee muddada in taariikhda. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, in 1913 uu tixgeliyaa ugu weyn dunida oo dhan. "Dahab Imisa Ruush markaas ahaa?" - waxaad weydiisan. Waxaa jiray 600 oo tan oo bir qaaliga ah, taas oo ahayd u dhiganta ilaa 1 billion 700 million rubles (at heerka sarrifka maanta - $ 60 bilyan)

Soviet Russia

Ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah "dahab Ruush" muuqday in dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub. Remain in dhul ka mid ah maal USSR ayaa waxay dhaceen labada casaan iyo caddaan.

Markii Dagaalkii Adduunka dhamaaday, dowladda Soviet ayaa balan qaaday in uu u gudbiyo amarka of 250 tan oo dahab ah inay Germany oo magdhow ah.

In ka 20 ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Midowga Soofiyeeti kor Sarkaal oo 200 tan oo dahab ah ka qarxay si ay u iibsato ah tareen British iyo Swiss "qaali ah". In dhamaadka, halka dowladda Soviet "khasaarin" in ka badan 500 tan oo bir qaaliga ah.

By hore 30-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, kaydka dahabka ee USSR ah ma ka badan 150 oo tan.

Inta lagu guda jiro collectivization maamulka uu bilaabay in uu ku lug macdanta dahabka. Sidaas darteed, in hore 50-mada, dalkeena ayaa dhulka ka soo jeeda in ka badan 2051 tan oo dahab ah - tiradaasi sii badnayeen reserve dahab "boqornimada" ee Russia.

Sano ee soo maray, "dahabka" fund hoos u, iyo by ee 80 bartamihii hore ahaa size ee ku saabsan 700 tons.

ka dib markii la qabsiga

In the 90s hore ', muddo ah "mass iibiyay-off" xukuumadda, taasoo keentay in reserve dahab ah ee dalka ku soo cayroobay in ay 480 metrik.

In 1992, siyaasadda "baaxad weyn iibiyay-off," ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay Boris Yeltsin, iyo mugga of kaydka dahabka hoos u si 290 tons.

bilowgii qarnigii XXI ah

Bilowga Millennium cusub, in ka badan madaxda bilaabay in ay diiradda saaraan hababka fiirsato oo dahab ah, si ay wax soo saarka ayaa sii kordhaya.

Just toban sano ah dalka waxa ay awood u riix Japan in ay qaataan kaalinta meel siddeedaad ee dalalka la kayd ugu weyn ka mid ah "oo sharaf leh biraha". Waxaad doonaysaa in aad ogaato sida badan oo tan oo dahab ah ee Russia , waxaa jiray 2010? About 800. Bilowga 2011, madaxa Bangiga Dhexe ayaa sheegay in qaab dhismeedka maaliyadeed dooni in la kordhiyo saamiga of biraha qaali ah in kaydka dahabka, sanad kasta helo in ka badan 100 tan oo goosimo.

Ma aha oo dhan waxay leeyihiin macluumaad ku saabsan sida kaydka dahabka badan ee Russia, u suurtagashay in ay ku badbaadiyo 2011. Waxaan u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan sumadda 871,1 tons. Hoggaamiyayaasha in jagooyinka, kuwaas oo maanta yihiin dalalka sida Shiinaha, Hindiya, Germany. Production macdanta dahabka kordhay Kazakhstan iyo Belarus.

maanta

Dabcan, dad badan oo ay xiiseyneyso su'aasha ah ee sida dahab badan oo hadda waa in Russia. Waa in la adkeeyay in inta lagu guda jiro shanta sano ee lasoo dhaafay dalka ayaa kor u mugga of kaydka dahabka ugu yaraan kala bar.

Oo weliba, immisa dahabka loo miino in Russia hadda? Haddii aan tixgeliyaan ee 2014, ee 272 tons oo dahab ah ayaa miino ay muddo. Sida dhaqanka muujinaysaa sannadihii la soo dhaafay, celcelis ahaan 12 bilood ee dalkeenna waxaa la soo saaray ka 200 ilaa 300 tan oo bir qaaliga ah. Taasi miinooyinka dahab ah sida badan Russia sannad kasta. Heshii, tani waa badan. Haddii aan ka hadlo maanta, dalka waxa uu leeyahay oo ku saabsan 1200 tons oo dahab ah.

Oo soo saarta khasnadihii dalkeena

gobollada Istiraatiijiga ah ee wax soo saarka ee dalka, biraha sharaf leh waa: Republic of Bashkortostan, Magadan iyo gobollada Irkutsk, Territory Krasnoyarsk ah, Territory Khabarovsk ah. Shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee ku yaala goobahan la oran karo waa mid ah "Northern Urals Gold", SAM iyo CJSC "Magadan Silver", JSC "Seligdar", LLC "Neryungri macdan ah", JSC "Mine Aprelkovo".

Halkee Xoolo waxa lagu kaydiyaa

About 70% fund dahab ah ee Russia waxaa ku urursan magaalada caasimadda ah, kuwaas oo ah goobta dukaanka Bankiga Dhexe ee Russia. wuxuu maalka ugu weyn ee waxa lagu kaydiyaa buljoonka, kaasoo balaariyay in 6100 laga shido. Miisaanka of celceliska ingot caadiga ah laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 14 kiilo. ingot cabbir Mass kala duwan tahay 100 ilaa 1000 garaam.

Currently, kaydka dahabka ah ee dalka waa qayb muhiim ah oo fund xasilinta, oo ay xaqiijin doonaan ilaalinta Russia ay dhacdo naxdin leh dhaqaalaha.

Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin maanta muwaadin kasta oo dalka ka abuuri karaan kaydka dahabka adiga kuu gaar ah, furitaanka deposit biraha ama iibsashada buljoonka bangiga macdanta "cajiib ah".