Chestnut macaan cuni karo: Xeebeedka iyo sii kordhaya

Chestnut - dabeecadda halyeeyga reer warkii dad iyo beeraha qurxinta dhaqanka tir madaxtooyada iyo beeraha oo ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub iyo gobollada koonfureed ee Russia. Kani waa noocyada geed oo xiiso leh iyo dhowr koob oo (la cuni karo, Europe, sharaf), midoobeen magaca hal - Chestnut macaan. On dhegyadii ee warshadda, caadooyinka iyo dhaqanka beeraha ee beerista ay ka daabacaadan bartaan.

shisheeyaha ka mid ah dadka Beech

Castanea sativa - geed la yaab leh, oo quruumaha oo kala duwan ku xiran yihiin ururrada kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, Bilowgii dayrta ee France bilaabmaa ah "Season Red", marka on rukun kasta jidka iibinta miraha la dubay iyo cuntooyinka kale ee ku salaysan iyaga on. Chestnut ubaxu - nooc ka mid ah calaamad of Kiev, beeraha guga lagu beeray la ilaha Chestnut, quruxda sitaa deeqsi iyo aad u fiican saamayn madaxtooyada. dhakhaatiirti dawan qiimaha A sare ee tayada ay daawooyinka, tan iyo bogsiinta dhan waa tirsan yihiin qaybo ka mid ah dhirta ee kor ku xusan-dhulka.

faafidda

South-bari Europe iyo Malaysia aqoonsaday dhashay ee wakiilka ka mid ah latitudes qoraxda iyo diiran. Chestnut Sweet, hardiness jiilaalka waa ku yar yahay, waxaa maanta laga helay bariga Asia, caadi ah ee Mediterranean iyo xeebaha Atlantic ee America, laakiin cimiladu waqooyiga warshad badbaaday.

Geedkii - badbaadaha ah mabsuud ka. In dunida ka jira dhirta yar ku nool in ka badan 1000 sano, iyo dalkii dooxada ka mid ah xaaladaha Caucasus yaqaan, isagoo gudbay sumadda 500 sano. Muddada celcelis ahaan nolosha Chestnut waxaa loo arkaa muddo cajiib ah oo waqti - 450-500 sano.

Tilmaamo gaar ah

Dhammaan noocyada kuwanu waa Chestnut qoyska caanka ah ee Beech iyo dhir dhaadheer, oo gaarey 30-35 mitir. Warshad Tani - Rafaa dhabta ah la faafiyo wax taaj oo ballaadhan iyo si toos ah ilaa jirridda xilka, dhexroorka of taas oo ay gaari karaan qiyamka ilaa laba mitir. jilif brown madow oo daboolaya jirridda geedka a, buuxeen dildilaaca, si qoto dheer ee taas oo kordhinaysa la da'da. Si ballaadhan u kala firdhin laamaha abuuro bulk oo taaj cufan. Chestnut caleemo kordhiyay (ilaa 25 cm), ku laayeen muuqda noqtay kiish saami weyn. Waxa ay qaab qurux badan ku nuuxnuuxsaday, qaab-dhismeedka cufan iyo midab cagaar madow nasoo. blooms caleenta horraantii April.

Chestnut Sweet - geed magooli doonaa. lanooga The waa mid cajiib ah oo aad ku arki kartaa in June. ubax yar yar oo dhalaalaya, soo ururin in inflorescences spicate, dhaqanka daboolay, jiitay Ragooda of ag marayayna iyo dhiiri cayayaanka pollinating.

miro

dhirta fruiting bilaabo bishii October iyo November, iyadoo bilowgii defoliation. miro la cuni karo of Chestnut ah - a lowska dhabta ah qaab-dhismeedka cufan hurdi ama cream-midab. Waxa uu yeesho ee qolof-cupule ilaaliya qalabaysan Sabuul adag oo ka dhibaatooyinkiisu way kala duwan ilaaliyo. In qolof kasta sida bislaadaan hal - saddex nuts, oo korkoodana waxaa crack Cupule, tiriska midhaha.

noocyada lawska sida Chestnut sida macaan cuni karo, cuno, iyo noocyada ay inedible, sida midhaha Chestnut faraska, waa qalab aad u fiican sida xawliga ah u isticmaalo daawada dad. Miraha dhadhan sweetish, waxay leeyihiin qaab wax yar ka debecsan oo ka kooban gaarka ah ee nafaqooyinka.

Chestnut la cuni karo eegayaa kala duwan ka faraska yar tilmaamay sanduuqyada tip taas oo cotyledon ah. Ka dib saarista nuts goosashada kaydiyaa muddo dheer, sababtoo ah waxay si deg deg ah ku wada qallajin doonaa, oo noqon jilic lumin guryaha macaamiisha ay.

Castanea sativa: guryaha iyo codsiyada waxtar leh

Qaab dhismeedka tallow gaar ah, waxay ka kooban yihiin set isku dheeli tiran oo ah macdanta, fitamiino iyo acids dufan roodhida, macro- iyo raad raaco canaasirta iyo xeryahooda ay. Si ka duwan Chestnut kale nuts ku jira xaddi yar oo ah baruurta, taas oo u wanaagsan wax soo saarka cuntada cunto ka dhigaa. borotiinada Rich midho Chestnut, sonkor, falgalka dhirta dabiiciga ah.

Nuts yihiin qiimo cuntada sida. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa cusub ama la hoos geliyey wax lagu karsado kasta, la shiilay, dubay, caadka, ku daray in ay la xasho iyo macmacaanka alaabta. tallow dubay Milled - bedel weyn kafeega.

Waxa intaa dheer in midho leeyahay tayo gaar ah iyo caleenta geedka a, content sare ah fareeshka ah iyo pectins galay oo wax ku ool ah oo kele karo oo ay bogsiiyaan kuwa nabarrada, si loo joojiyo dhiigbaxa.

Castanea sativa: kordhaya

Dhaqanka faafin by abuur ama vegetatively - gooyn. Pollinated by cayayaanka Chestnut. Fruiting noocyada kala duwan sidoo kale ay bilaabaan waqtiyo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah - oo leh sano 3-6-aad ee nolosha, kan kale - laga bilaabo 25-ka. Inta badan waxaa dhacaya in by laga beerto ee ahaysiinnay beero beerta Chestnut ka dan ugu horrayn ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah madaxtooyada ee gudaha dalka, iyo tan labaad - bixisaa goosashada ka mid ah carruur iyo farac nuts sida uu goosashada u gaar ah si loo soo saaro waxay markasta suurtagal ma aha. Laakiin beeralayda khibrad ku andacoodaan in muunada 40-sano jir ah si fudud u ururiyaan 60-70 kg of nuts.

Chestnut Sweet sidoo xidid on qoraxdu, meelaha dadka da'da ah oo la carradu bacrin ah breathable dhexdhexaad ah. Qoyaanka-jecel dhaqanka aysan u dulqaadan abaarta, si daryeelayo dhirta dhallinyarada ah waa mid aad u muhiim ah.

Koraaya ka soo abuur

Sida aan kor ku tilmaamay, Chestnut - waxay ka timaaddaa fareen diiran iyo uma dulqaadan karo dhaxan, laakiin koraa si fiican in lagu koriyo iyo kaydka, iyo sidoo kale dhaqanka guriga ee "bonsai" technology Japanese ah.

Hel geed Chestnut buuxa ka abuur in si buuxda loo bisil karo iyo geed ka soo dhacay. Wixii biqilka tayo u baahan stratification dheer, taas oo daydaa dabiiciga ah, geeddi-socodka dabiiciga ah. Seeds waxaa la geeyaa weel, ku shub ciid webiga qalalan iyo kaalinta qaboojiyaha ama hoostiisa. 5-6 bilood ka dib si cusbaynayaa miraha Chestnut ah lagu dhex beeray karaa in ay Gagaab.

Waxay waxaa la geeyaa galay substrate ka soo dar ah oo qoryo dhulka iyo caaryada caleen. lowska kasta oo lagu beeray taangiga gaar ah oo leh awood ah 4-5 litir. Si loo fududeeyo biqilka ka hor inta beero abuurka ah ku hayay biyo diiran loogu talagalay 5-6 maalmood. Sii by 10 cm qatay., Waxay si dhakhso ah Gagaab, 15-20 maalmood gudahood. Geedo soo biqlay yihiin transplanted guga in ay goob furan oo qoraxdu, geesood hadhka leh oo ka mid ah geedaha armoonkuna beerta ma ku haboon yihiin.

goobta soo degtey si ay u diyaariyaan in horay ay uga takhalusi lahaayeen aysidhka xad-dhaaf ah ee ciidda, isagoo intaa ku daray 1 m ² of 500-600 garaam dolomite iyo qod dihnayd sare leh humus. Ka hor inta geedo u aasaan iyaga ka sii qallafsanaaday, soo bandhigid hawada cusub maalin kasta muddo laba toddobaad ah. Beeray in dhirta dhulka-rujin furan culus u koraan. Waxay u baahan yihiin dayactir sahlan laakiin si joogto ah.

Sidee in ay is ogow of dhirta dhallinyarada ah

Waayo, gobollada la cimilada khafiif ah warshad diiran sativa Castanea iyo u koraan ma aha adag tahay, waa kaliya in la siiyo geedka qayb ka mid ah dareenka, fulinta nidaamka caadiga ah muuqaalada noocyada iyo farsamooyinka beerashada of beerista jideeyey.

Taageerida koritaanka dhirta dhallinyarada ah, waa in aad si joogto ah gacan bir ah ciidda ee dogob geedka, iyo biyo geedka loo dabciyo sida loogu baahan yahay. Chestnut ma jecla qallalaan ciidda, laakiin waxa uu muddo horumariyo xoog leh nidaamka xidid tuubada soo saaro biyaha oo ma aha wax adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee dhirta xidid waa in aan la saameeyeen biyo yaraan.

tallow la cuni karo khasaaro waa hardiness hoose u baahan tahay hoy jiilaalka, xataa haddii koray in xaaladaha ku haboon Crimean. Sida hoyga nutrasil loo isticmaalo, ama waxyaabo kale oo aan tolmo wanaagsan ilaaliya.

Gooyaa: caafi oo la xirrira

ka ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee daryeelka reebo, Chestnut loo baahan yahay falinjeeerka, la xirrira taaj oo kale ah, bixinta dhagid madaxtooyada iyo ka hortagtaa iyo dhacdo cudurada asal ahaan kala duwan. Fuliyaan manjooyin guga hore, ay ka saareen ku burburay, buka, mid daciif ah oo sii kordhaya gudaha laamaha taajkii. Formation of taaj oo kale ah waa la fuliyay on warshad dheeraad ah oo baaluq, dhisayay sida ay door bidaan iyo waxay doonayeen gaar ah ay. Castanea sativa, sawir ka mid ah waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in la daabaco - geed weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, a muunada live ah wakiilka Beech sii kordhaysa ee beertiisii - warshad heer sare ah oo suurad wacan loogu talagalay beeralayda gobollada koonfurta.