Carbon monoxide: caanaha iyo hantida

walxaha badan oo gaseous jira in dabeecadda, soo saaray saaridda, waa xeryahooda sun awood. Waxaa la og yahay in chlorine loo isticmaalo hub ahaan noolaha, labo ka mid ah bromine saamayn xoog leh u xoqe on maqaarka, tayadda hydrogen sababa sumowga iyo wixii la mid ah.

Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha sida waa carbon monoxide ama carbon monoxide, formula ee taas oo uu leeyahay sifooyin u gaar ah in qaab-dhismeedka. isaga ku saabsan, oo la sii hadli doonaa.

CO formula Chemical

Taaban karo view formula ee xarunta mawduuca sida soo socota: SB. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, foomkan oo keliya siiya sharaxaad ka kooban oo tayo iyo tiroba, laakiin wax saameyn ah kuma dabeecadaha qaab-dhismeedka iyo si silsilado qaaradda ee Britain ah. Oo waxay ka duwan yihiin kuwa kale oo dhan gaasas kale.

Habkaani wuxuu saameeyaa xarunta muujiyey guryaha jireed iyo kiimikada. Waa maxay nooca dhismaha?

Qaab dhismeedka kelli

Waa midda koowaade, formula waaqiciga ah waxaa loo arkaa in xarunta carbon waa in valency ah II. Just jeclaan oxygen. Sidaa darteed, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah sameysmi karaa laba silsilado. Chemical formula of CO carbon monoxide waxaa aragga xaqiijiyay.

Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay dhacdaa. Inta u dhaxaysa eb carbon iyo oxygen by bulsheed hab ay electrons unpaired loo sameeyay, double bond horjeeda covalent. Sayidka, ka formula dhismaha ee carbon monoxide ka qaadataa foomka C = O.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on Britain this gaar ah halkaa kuma dhammaaneyso. Waayo, hab deeq-aqbalana ee formation Britain dhacdaa bond saddexaad, TIRINTA ama semipolar. Waa maxay sababta ay this? Tan iyo markii dib markii formation of bonds covalent ee is-dhaafsiga si oxygen weli laba lammaane oo electrons, iyo eb carbon ah - madhan orbital, markaas falimihiisii dambe sida aqbalana ah oo mid ka mid ah lammaane oo ugu horreeyey. In si kale loo dhigo, labada ciyaaryahan electron oxygen ku yaal formation bond carbon orbital xorta ah dhacdaa.

Sayidka, carbon - aqbalana, oxygen - deeq. Sidaa darteed, chemistry formula CO qaadataa foomka soo socda: S≡O. nidaamsan Kanu wuxuu yidhi Britain xasiloonida kiimikada dheeraad ah iyo inertness muujiyey by guryaha ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah.

Sayidka, bond ee Britain ee carbon monoxide:

• laba covalent kala horjeeda la aasaasay at farsamo sarrifka bulsheed sabab u electrons unpaired;
• mid TIRINTA iyadoo la aasaasay oo ku saabsan isdhexgalka deeq-aqbalana ah oo u dhexeeya labo ka mid electron xor ah oo orbital;
• oo dhan iyo dhaaraheedii ee Britain - saddex.

guryaha jirka

Waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka, taas oo, sida xarunta kasta oo kale oo uu leeyahay carbon monoxide. formula The maalkii ka dhigaysa cadeeyay in daaqaddii crystal ah kelli, gobolka gaseous ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah. Taas oo muujinaysa xuduudaha jirka soo socda.

1. S≡O - carbon monoxide (formula) Mugga - 1,164 kg / m ^3.
2. dhibic karaya oo barafku dhibic The siday u kala horreeyaan: 191/205 ⁰ C.
3. L. in: biyaha (wax yar), ether, benzene, khamriga, chloroform.
4. Waxa aan u dhadhamiyaan iyo urta.
5. Biyuhu.

Laga soo bilaabo dhibic noolaha of view, waa mid aad halis u ah oo dhan u khuduuca ku nool, marka laga reebo noocyo ka mid ah bakteeriyada.

kiimikaad

Marka laga eego dhnaca ee falcelin, mid ka mid ah walxaha inert ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah - waa carbon monoxide. Formula, kuna waari dhexdeeda bonds oo dhan waxaa ka mid ahaa in Britain ee, waxaa la xaqiijiyay. Waa sababta oo ah sida dhismo xoog leh xarunta hoos tilmaamayaasha deegaanka caadiga ah ficil ahaan ma galaan wax is dhexgalka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ugu yaraan waa nidaam kulaylka yar sida bond TIRINTA ee Britain ayaa ku jabo sida covalent. Markaas carbon monoxide bilaabmaa si ay u muujiyaan guryaha yaraynta firfircoon, iyo xoog ku filan. Sidaas darteed, waa awood ficil leh:

• oxygen;
• chlorine;
• alkalis (dhalaalayaa);
• la oxides iyo cusbada biraha,
• cawlaan,
• wax yar ka biyo;
• la ammonia;
• la hydrogen.

Sidaa darteed, sida ku xusan ayaa lagu kor ku xusan guryaha oo muujinayaa carbon monoxide, waxa uu sharaxayaa formula inta badan.

Ahaanshaha ee dabiiciga ah

Isha ugu weyn ee CO ee jawiga - dababka kaynta. Indeed, habka ugu weyn ee formation of gaaska dabiiciga ah by - sari a qayb ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee shidaalka, inta badan nooca organic.

Ilo aadmiga of wasaqowga hawada carbon monoxide kale oo muhiim ah sida la siiyo jajab mass boqolleyda isla, iyo sidoo kale ee dabiiciga ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• qiiqa ka hawlgalka ku daqiijin jireen iyo warshadaha, dhirta qodniinka- iyo shirkadaha kale ee warshadaha,
• gaasas qaaca ka matoorada sari gudaha.

Under xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, carbon monoxide si fudud oxidized by ogsijiin atmosfeerta iyo uumiga biyaha si carbon dioxide. On this ku salaysan yahay gargaarka degdegga ah xaaladaha ku-sumowga by xarunta this.

soo dhaweynta

Waxaa xusid mudan tilmaamay mid ka mid feature. Carbon monoxide (formula), carbon dioxide (dhismeedka kelli), siday u kala horreeyaan, waa sida soo socota: S≡O iyo G = C = O. Farqiga on mid ka mid ah la eb oxygen. Sidaa darteed, habka warshadaha soo saarka monoxide ku salaysan dareen-celin u dhexeeya carbon dioxide iyo: CO ₂ + C = 2CO. Tani waa habka ugu fudud oo ugu caamsan ee ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xarunta.

In shaybaarka la isticmaalayo kala duwan xeryahooda organic, cusbada biraha iyo arrin adag, tan iyo markii aan dhalidda ayaa la filayaa inuu noqon mid aad u weyn.

reagent tayada ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen xal hawada ama carbon monoxide - chloride palladium. In ay biraha saafi sameeyey by dhexgalka kuwaas oo sababa madoobaato xalka ama dusha warqadda.

Saamaynta noolaha ku u shaqeeyo

Sida aynu hore u kor ku xusan, carbon dioxide - waa heer sare ah sun ah, midab, khatar iyo cayayaan dilaa, waayo, jidhka bini'aadamka. Iyagoo keliya ma aha waa aadanaha, iyo guud ahaan wax kasta oo nool. Geedaha in sarkhaansan qaaca gaari waa, dhiman si dhakhso ah.

Maxay tahay saamaynta runta ah ee carbon monoxide deegaanka gudaha uxuu xayawaanka? All arrinta in formation of adag deggan biirey hemoglobin protein dhiigga iyo gaaska tixgeliyo. Taasi waa, halkii ay u taagoo oxygen xayirmay mariidka. Neefta gacanta isla markiiba hor istaagay, sarrifka gaaska suurtogal ma aha in koorsada caadiga ah ee uu.

Sidaas darteed, ay jiraan xannibaad tartiib tartiib ah ee u taagoo ee unugga dhiigga iyo, sida natiijo, dhimasho. Waa ku filan tahay in laga adkaado oo dhan by 80%, in natiijada lagu sumoobo noqday dilaa. Ujeedada this, fiirsashada carbon monoxide ee hawada waa in ay ahaataa 0.1%.

Calaamadaha ugu horeeya, taas oo go'aan ka gaari kara bilawga sumowga leh xarunta waxa ay kala yihiin sida soo socota:

• madax-xanuun,
• wareer;
• miyirka oo luma.

Gargaarka Degdegga ah - in ay hawo cusub, halkaas oo sarkhaansan oxygen dioxide kaarboon beddelin carbonic acid, in gurti. Xaalado dhimasho ka saamaynta oo ah walaxda in su'aasha ay yihiin kuwo aad joogto ah, gaar ahaan guryaha la kululaynta kariyaha. Ka dib markii sari ee alwaax, dhuxusha iyo shidaalka kale sida byproduct a gaaska daruuri foomamka. Compliance xeerarka badbaadada lagama maarmaan u tahay ilaalinta nolosha iyo caafimaadka dadka.

Sidoo kale, xaalado badan oo lagu sumoobo in garaashyada, kaas oo laga soo ururiyey badan oo socda matoorada baabuurta, laakiin waxay u keeneen hawo cusub oo ku filan. Dhimashada dhacdaa saacad ka badan midda ogolyahay gudahood. Dareen joogitaanka gaaska waa jidh ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn, ka dib oo dhan, ur lahayn, midab ma uusan.

Isticmaal in industry

In warshadaha ee qodniinka- rayshada ee biraha ka oxides ama reactions cusbada inta badan loo isticmaalaa waa carbon monoxide. formula ee xarunta keentay - CO _2. biraha - walax saafi ah waxaa sidoo kale loo sameeyay.

Waxaa intaa dheer, carbon monoxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa:

• waayo, processing ee hilibka iyo kalluunka, taas oo noo ogolaadaa in ay iyaga siin deymo cusub;
• Waayo, ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic gaar ah;
• sida qayb ka mid ah matoor gaas.

Sidaa darteed, walax tani waa ma aha oo kaliya waxyeelo leh oo khatar ah, laakiin sidoo kale aad waxtar u leh hawlaha aadanaha iyo dhaqaalaha.