"Bora" - Markab hovercraft gantaal: description, caddaymaha iyo dib u eegis

RKVP jiritaanka "Bora" waqti dheer ma dalban, waxaa la hareereeyey ilxidh ka total sirta by. Sida, si kastaba ha ahaatee, goobaha badan oo military Ruush. "Bora" - markabka, kaas oo si fudud aan haysan analogues ee dunida. Fudaydkii, awood kar, xawaaraha waa sidaas sare in aanay awoodi ilaa qabsado iyo xataa torpedoes qariyay gantaalo. The Black Sea Fleet in marar badan cilmiga, halkaas oo RKVP markabka u asiibi karo hawlaha, taasoo keentay dagaalka guul leh Maraakiibta cadowga oo jilan.

Fikradda on abuuritaanka markab

Fikirka ugu horeeya ee la abuurayo markab sida a kacay intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, marka in 1942 Jarmalka iyada oo Caucasus kala jejebiyey. In Moscow, at golaha wada hadleen constructor ku Gantaal qabyo Chelomeya. Uu soo jeedinta - in la dhiso dooman'ka gantaal si ay u weeraraan rakibo diirada cadowga waaweyn. All isku raacay in mashruuca waa runtii rajo, laakiin ku meel gaar ah loo dhigay.

Kaliya ka dib markii dagaalka lagula jiro amar Stalin ee VMKB "Diamond" waxaa la abuuray 1949. Shaqaalaha eedeeyay horumarinta mashaariicda ee maraakiibta on barkin hawada ah, waxa uu ahaa si qarsoodi ah, mawduuc cusub. Ujeedadu waxay ahayd in la abuuro a super-degdeg ah doomo gantaal. maaxdey mashruucan mustaqbalka iyo noqdo "Bora" - hovercraft.

Doorka Bureau ah "Almaza"

Sidaas daraaddeed, in Leningrad Design Bureau "Almaza" waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan fikrado - Jaha gantaalo in doomaha yar yar. In dunida in ay hal-abuurnimo ku Ruush jawaabay joojiyey walaacsan. Laakiin War Maalinta Lix 1967 jeestay looks ah, kadib markii doon dalka Masar (saarka USSR) by Salvo ah gantaalada hal diray si hoose ee baabbi'iyuhu Israel. Zaman cusub ee ciidamada badda. In the 70s CB injineerada "Diamond" hoos imaanaya hoggaanka V. I. Koroleva bilaabay inuu horey on abuurista doomo iftiin, catamarans, hovercraft fikradaha. Tani waxay kor u xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa, awood kar, laga adkaan karin. Hawsha - muuqaalka lama filaan ah, saamaynta iyo ka lumay isku degdeg ah. Sayidka ayaa ku dhashay markabka "Bora" hovercraft yar.

Imtixaanka ugu horeysay

Waayo, RKVP ugu horeysay "Bora" ayaa la bilaabay sanadkii 1988, laakiin xaaladda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ee adag ma ogola in ay si degdeg ah u tijaabiso. Markabka "Bora" horeysay muujisay guulaha ay sanadkii 1991. In goobta Snake Island, in Badda Madow, dab ugu horeysay, waxay dad badan ka yaabsaday daran ee sirdoonka shisheeye. Tani waxa ay raxan ah ayaa marna la kulmay. Markab New military Ruush, socda xawaare ka mid ah 40 kuus kuus, halka saara furayey gantaal. Salvo Gantaalaha diyaarinaya kaliya 30 ilbiriqsi. Waqtiga baaritaanka ugu horeysay afar gantaal "Kaneecada" la qoray off gabi ahaanba la burburiyay Doon ay leeyihiin ciidamada ah. Dabcan, shots, kuwaas oo burburin kara xataa doonniyaha ugu weyn, oo ay ku jiraan sidayaal diyaaradaha.

Markab Small "Bora" noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "baabbi'iyuhu Badda" maxaa yeelay hawsha ahaa ay madaxa kaga goynayaan raxan ah, ie keeni dharbaaxo xun in markabka weyn ee koox dad ah cadowga. Intaas ka dib, xawaare ka badan weel badda, ka qariyo view.

In 1991, Badda Madow Fleet leeyahay hovercraft hore - kanu wuxuu ahaa "Bora".

Features ee doonnida

Markabka ayaa barakaca ah ee 1050 tons. "Bora" uu leeyahay cabbirada sida: width wadarta - 17,2 m, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu - weel 65.6 m Qabyada ah - 3.3 m, markii supercharger waxaa ku daray in 1 m xawaaraha ugu badnaan waa 55 kuus kuus ... Masaafada celcelin xawaare ka mid ah 12 kuus kuus - 2500 miles at 45 kuus kuus - 800 miles. Warshadda korontada waxaa ka mid ah: 2 GTU awoodda M10-1 of 36 kun hooras, laba naaftada awoodda M-511A 20 kun hooras engine naaftada iyo laba M-504 awoodda 6.6 kun oo hooras .... Hubaynta ka mid ah Launcher KDP "Kaneecada" - 8 3M80 gantaalo, gantaallo 20 PU SAM "Osa-M", AK-176 - 76 nidaamyada madaafiic mm, AK-630 - 30 nidaamyada madaafiic mm. Markab gantaal Small "Bora" haysaa markabka ka mid ah 68 qof oo.

Malaakii iyo saaray

Laba guryaha cidhiidhi ah (dhererka - 64 m, width - 18 m) daboolay madal. In hore ee mishiinka waxaa ah xijaab dabacsan. Xitaa haddii height ruxruxo gaaro laba mitir, engine awood leh 60 hooras, jidaynayey xawaare ilaa 55 kuus kuus. Haddii height of 3.5 meter xawaaraha la ruxruxo waxaa lagu gaarayaa in 40 kuus kuus. horumarka dhaqaale waxaa bixiya laba naaftada. xawaaraha sare ee u ogolaanaya markabka si looga fogaado in lagu gano qariyay qabsaday, iyo dhuunto torpedoes.

Marka la abuurayo weyddiisto RKVP hore loogu soo qaatay waayo aragnimo xafiisyada iyo warshadaha Dhismaha maraakiibta ee dhismaha nooca farsamada soo degtey "qoraafiga", "Adelia".

Waa maxay gaar ah oo ku saabsan RKVP? "Bora" - markab, isagoo boosteejo ah oo hydrodynamic in si fudud loo badali karaa. Warshad Propulsion ayaa 36 xaaladood oo la isticmaalo. "Bora" - Caruusadda this, taas oo dejisa kor ku degdegay inuu fuulo 20 kuus kuus ah, iyo waqti isku mid ah markabka, oo awood u leh si ay u horumariyaan dabcan ka mid ah in ka badan 50 kuus kuus. RKVP uu leeyahay tiro balaadhan oo ah dhaqdhaqaaq in xaalad deg deg ah, oo ku jira xaalad caadi ah. Inta lagu guda jiro sano ee hawlgalka waxaa jiray kiis u lahayn in ay markab galay dekedda ee shootali. Waxaa intaa dheer, waa inay awoodaan inay ku socdaan, xataa iyada oo propellers u soo jeestay off ay sabab u tahay Dami engine-hawada ee uu dhacayo ee barkinta hawada.

KDP "Kaneecada"

On guddiga "Bora" (Markabka) waa KDP rakibo ugu dilaaga ah "Kaneecada." iyaga oo ku saabsan si faahfaahsan. xoog Saamaynta gantaalo, kuwaas oo isku dhafan oo awood u baabbi'iyeen dabaqadda dhexe iyo xataa Cruiser maraakiibta. Walxaha qarxa 3M80 "Kaneecada" ayaa mass ka mid ah 150 kiilo. Laga bilaabo kala duwan - ka 10 ilaa 90 kilomitir. gantaal bilaabo caleemaha kor, samaynta taag, ka dibna soo degaa si height a of 20 m, at hab in bartilmaameedku yahay 7 m kor ku hirarka iyo kuuskuus galay qolof ah. Polubroneboynaya qayb iyo tamarta weyn ogeed u ogolaan in ay dhex gasho caqabad kasta. Qarax xoog badan gudaha dhacdaa. Xitaa haddii horjeeda isticmaalo nidaamka arrimha dibada ah, nidaam ay gacanta ku weheliso gaaro heerka saxnimada sare si ay u 99%.

"Bora" dekedda Turkish ah Sinop

In 2013, ee Turkey, in CHVMG hawlgelinta "BLACKSEAFOR", ayuu wakiil Ruush Federation "Bora" ah - Markab gantaal isagoo barkin ku cirka ah a. Maraakiib dagaal Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine ka qeyb galay waxay ahaayeen lixdan layliyada iyo tababbarrada. Waxaan diiradda saaraan waxa aad samaynaysaan? kooxaha Milicsi weerarro cirka ah, taararka for trawls, weerar milicsiga diirada u yar, ururka ee isgaarsiinta, Marba wadajir ah, xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa markabka ganacsiga ah, goobidda iyo samatabbixinta badda dhibanayaasha.

shaqaalihii markabka "Bora" soo bandhigay kooxda ugu fiican. Dhammaan tallaabooyinka hoos amarka Captain 2aad Rank Trankovskogo fuliyay si habsami leh, sidaas oo si cad u abaabulan - tani waxaa la xaqiijiyay by the comments maxfalka kuwa daawaday layliyada oo dhan.

In the "Artek"

Taageer Black Sea Fleet badmaax dhaqanka, hay'adaha tan iyo xilligii Soviet. Marka dhamaadka shaqada si International Center "Artek" timid "Bora" - markabka, taas oo uu noqday kibirka of our raxan. Ka dib markii performing hawlgallada dagaalka RKVP "Bora" istaagay inuu weerar ee xarunta carruurta.

On doonnidii fuulnay fuusho boqolaal caruur ah, tours gaar ah ayaa la sameeyey iyaga. Yiqiin wuxuu ahaa mid aad wargelin ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ka qalin raxan badda ee carruurta ee "Artek". Halkan oo rasmi ah loo sii daayo ardayda.

Dhammaan carruurta waxay ahaayeen faraxsanahay dhacdo iyo ra'yi-celin wanaagsan ka tagay ka dib markii markabka booqanaya.

qabadsiiyay dhaqanka, isbedel kama dambaysta ah ee International xerada "Artek" ayaa lagu shiday by laga qaaday dabka ka kaabsolka, markabka "Bora" ka baabi'say.

"Bora" iyo "Sandstorm"

Ka hadalka ku saabsan markabka "Bora" hovercraft ah, in aan ku xuso ku saabsan uu la shaqayn jiray nin. Waxaa RKVP "Sandstorm". Stories waxay la mid yihiin. "Sandstorm," wax yar ka yar. "Bora" iyo "Sandstorm" - Maraakiibta nooca la mid ah ka tirsan fasalka ee hovercraft gantaal.

Midkii kowaad wuxuu la dul saarin markabka "Bora" ee Zelenodolsk dhow Kazan ee 1984 ee deked markab ah "Red Metallist". Biyaha la bilaabay sanadkii 1987, iyo 1991 - waxaa ka mid ahaa in Badda Madow Fleet.

"Sandstorm" waxay leedahay taariikh qani ku ah dhaqdhaqaaqa. RKVP waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1991, waxaa hoos u biyo ee 1992. Inland biyo mareen lagu wareejiyay Badda Madow. Sannadkii 1992 - in Kerch, 1993 - in Sevastopol. Sababo farsamo, in isla sannadkaas waxaa la dib-u-duniyooyinka in Zelenodolsk inay soo saaraha. Bishii September 1994, wuxuu u tegey bari. Waxaa tan iyo 1996 waxa la baadhay in Baltiysk. Rasmi ah, raxan Baltic la soo saarin sannadkii 2000. In 2002 oo keliya RKVP "Sandstorm" loo soo wareejiyay Badda Madow Fleet. Waxa uu ku biiray doon gantaal guutada raxan Black 41aad.

Guys kuwaas oo u dhashay adeegga on maraakiibta, kuwaas oo, muddo dheer xusuusan sano qaatay ee Navy ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa dib u eegista Mahdiyo. Qof ayaa sheegay in adeegga la soo geliyo iyo jabsadaan doonaa dabeecadda, ka kale weligaa ha sii xusuusan yahay jimicsiga military. Iyo, dabcan, qof kasta oo ku hadla la diirimaad ku saabsan wadajirka ah ee kooxda, saaxiibtinimada iyo taageerada comradely. Waa on kuwaas oo maraakiibta soo baxaya bahda.

Halkee sameeyey magaca "Bora" iyo "Sandstorm"

Waayo, magacyada raxan Soviet sida "Bora" iyo "Sandstorm", at jaleecada hore u muuqataa in aan la fahmi karin iyo qalaad. Ka dib oo dhan, iyaga ka mid ah ugu wakhtigaas oo dhan shay muhiim u bixiyey magacyadii kasta oo shakhsiyaad geesinimada ama dhacdooyin muhiim ah oo lagu sharfayo miyi ah xisbiga shuuciga, kulamada, shirarka Komsomol.

Laakiin halkan waa si hufan line this baabuurta lagu abaalmariyey magacyada aan caadi ahayn sida. Back ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan on maraakiibta badda ee, ilaalinta (in fact, kuwa ku baabbi'inaya), kuwaas oo soo xirtay magacyada duufaan sida "Hurricane The." Badmaax u bixiyey ka dibna "qeybinta hawadu xumaato." The hadha ee taxanahan bilaabay MRK "duufaanka", "dedaaladii", mashruuca "Storm" Tan iyo 1234 iyo sii xeerkii Project hovercraft gantaal 1239 Designer Korolev soo jeediyay inuu iyaga ugu yeedho magacyada lama filaan ah dabaylo burbur. "Bora" - badda Black squally dabayl xagga woqooyi ka soo socda. Gaar ahaan cadho "Novorossiyskaya boron". "Sandstorm" - Magaca Carabi dabaysha kulul Afrika Yimid dabeylo xoog badan, wax kasta oo dhacaya hurda ee ay waddo. Sayidka, laba markab Ruushka magacaabay in sharaf of the dabaylo xoog badan, xawaare la mid ah ka gooyay biyaha badda, ay ka saareen caqabado.

Dhacdooyin

Inkastoo ay dhallinyarada, markabka gantaal ah "Bora" inta lagu jiro jiritaankeeda, ayaa sameeyeen in ka badan boqol madfac iyo gantaalada firings. Celcelis ah ku dhawaaqay RKVP ugu fiican in uu xiriir, ku guuleystay abaalmarino kala duwan ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee tababarka. Kor buu u nool yahay si ay magaceeda, sida "Bora" - Suu awood keenta la simay.

• Bishii June 2002, waxaan qabtay isuduwidda badan oo si heer qaran ah oo u dhexeeya Ukraine iyo Russia, ka dib markii taas hovercraft gantaalo ah, la odhan jiray dabaysha "Bora" iyo "Sandstorm", ka dib markii lagu lifaaqo guuto ka mid ah maraakiibta dusha ka mid ah Ruush Black Sea Fleet
• November 2006. "Bora" model markab ayaa la muujiyey at tusniintana waxay ku Bandhiga Jakarta Indodefence.
• 2008. Noqday dayactir hadda.
• March 2009. xubno ka soo shaqeeyay shaqo koorso K-2.
• May 2013. booqashadii ugu horeysay ee dekedda ah ee Istanbul. Ka qaybgalka carwada IDEF-2013.
• August 2013. ka qayb qaadashada horumarka leh ee hawlgelinta iyo jimicsiga ee Badda Madow VMG "BLACKSEAFOR" ah.
• 2015. Ka qayb qaadashada geesi-magaalada Sevastopol parade badda Maalinta Navy ah.
• Summer 2015. dayactirka hadda markabka lagu qabtay mid aad si guul leh.
• Summer 2016. RKVP "Sandstorm" helay dhoolatus ee Sevastopol Maalinta Navy ka qaybgalay.