Bedka oo ka mid ah taariikhda Don Cossacks. Khariidadda Aagga ee Don Ciidanka

Don Cossack ciidanka qabsadeen dhulka Cossacks Don ah. In waqtigeena, dalalkan ku yaalaan Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, gobolka Voronezh iyo Kalmykia. In kastoo Rostov waxaa halkan ku biiray marka la soo dhaafay, inta badan dokumentiyada uu ku yeeshey dadka iyo taariikhda aagga la ilaaliyo, in matxafyada iyo kaydka ay.

Taariikhda formation of Cossacks Don ah

Taariikhda of formation rasmiga ah ee Cossacks Don u arkaa in ay baxdo isha ugu horeeyay ee ku qoran, kaas oo la wada ilaaliyo, in maalmood our. Waa su'aal ah Ivana Groznogo, taas oo uu ku weydiiyo addeecidda Michael Ataman Cherkashenina ka dib markii guide boqorkii Novosiltsev in Constantinople ah. Jidkiisa wareegay Don ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dowladda this ballanqaaday inuu siiyo Cossacks ah. Shukaansi shahaadooyinka - January 3, 1570. Inkasta oo waa wax iska cad waa xaqiiqda ah in Midowga Cossacks, ee Ciidamada Don la sameeyey ka badan sidii hore. Maxaa yeelay, haddii kale si fudud boqorka ninna in wax laga qabto.

Laakiin dokumentiga muujinaysaa in tan iyo wakhtigaas Don Cossacks si rasmi ah dhawray soohdinta koonfureed ee boqortooyada. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVI ka, waxa ay qabsadeen dhul ay ka dibadda la dherer guud ee ku saabsan 800 kiiloomitir. Waxay ku taallay bangiyada oo ka mid ah Don iyo addoommo ay. Oo markii Cossacks kale qarnigii oo ka mid ah ciidamada Don ahaayeen ciidamada ugu weyn ee hubeysan si ay ula dagaalamaan duulay Turkish iyo Polish. Waayo, adeega ay heleen lacag, Baaruud, lead, maro iyo kibis.

Madaxbannaani iyo is-xukuumadda

Don Cossacks si tartiib tartiib ah u kala qaybiyey laba kooxood: thrifty iyo golutvennye. hore waxay ahaayeen inta badan jir-shidda iyo kaalinta ay ku dalalkan hoose, dambaysta ah ayaa ku barakacay oo degay qeybaha sare ee wabigga ee webiga. Ka hor bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ka. Land oo ka mid ah ciidamada Don ahaayeen goboleedka iyo jiray ay gacanta ugu jiraan goobo ciidan iyo hay'adaha fulinta loo doortay. Ka hor inta in ay doorashada u socoto dhacay Ataman, isagoo awood aan xad lahayn. ciidanka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey boqol iyo konton, madaxa oo waxay ahaayeen boqol, Pentecostals iyo Khorunzhiy. Ka dib markii kacdoonkii Bulavin Cossack Don ciidanka u jideeyey, Collegium Milatariga.

Tan iyo 1763 adeegga Cossack noqday khasab in uu lahaado nolosha ah ee dabiiciga ah. dagaalka ee 1773-1775 uu ahaa beeralay ku soo afjaro madaxbannaani Cossack. Don qaaday ciidamada boqorka. Laakiin in aan ahaa dhamaadka "svoevolnichestva", kaas oo socday muddo dheer ka dib.

la'aanta Don ee madax-bannaanida

1769-1775 sano - formation of kooxda Cossack Petersburg Legion iyo pyatisotennogo Ataman of Cossacks Don ah Ciidankii.

1797 - aasaaska ka mid ah madaafiic Don Cossack. Sannad ka dib dhacay doorashada ee Cossacks sida ciidankii madax banaan, iyo saf ah ay ekaysiiyaa ciidan. Isla mar ahaantaana u qabtay Sinay Cossacks mushahar bixinta ee madaxda u dhigma.

In sano ee 1798-1800 Foreman Cossack helay xuquuq la mid ah abtirsan Ruush, iyo serfs helay. Qabtay ku tabo cusub ee soo socda:

• Hordhac of muddo 30-sano ah adeegga ciidamada;
• qeexidda kit ciidanka;
• maamulka jagooyinka guutada starshina ciidan sida amarka mid caawisa oo ku, ay substituent;
• kala qeybinta dharka guriga military iyo maalin kasta.

Reform of 1835

Innovation 1835 siiyo share kasta Cossack in qadarka 30 acres. Laakiin durba 1916 lacagtaas waxaa laga soo dhimay 11, iyo dal ku haboon tahay oo kaliya 9.8 hektar oo dhul ah. In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, in ka badan kala bar oo ka mid ah qoysaska Cossack lagu qasbay inay kireeyo sirqoollada kuwan, si ay u bixiyay dembiyada qalabka military. Kaliya shan meelood meel ka mid ah qoysaska lahaa waqtiga loo nicmeeyay anagu.

Ka dib markii dib u habaynta ee 1835 on militeri iyo kuwa rayid Cossacks oo dhan way kala go'een. Meesha of Cossacks Don uu filayaa isbedelka soo socda:

• dib;
• qaybta aagga ciidamada;
• qasabka khasab ah ee dadka lab 18 ilaa 43 sano jir,
• mamnuuco degsiimooyinka gayiga ciidanka shisheeyayaal,
• Isbadal Cossack galay fasalka xidhan la noolaa ka tirsan ku darina,
• ansixinta kit ciidan cusub.

Ansixinta Gobolka Army Don ah

Sannadkii 1874tii, way qabsadeen Hadalka dawladda cusub ee kontaroolo gude. Waxay ka koobnayd Koox ka mid ah shaqaalaha, maamulka waaxda military shaqsi iyo madaafiic. 1875 - hordhac ah magaca rasmiga ah ee Cossacks Don ah. Isla sanadkaas waxaa jiray hoos u dhac muddada of adeeg ciidan 20 sano.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada of Alexander III beerta Don Army (gobolka Donetsk) waxaa ku lifaaqan Gradonachalstva Taganrog iyo County Rostov. Of iyaga ka dhigay degmada cusub ee madaniga ah. Isla sanadkaas waxaa jiray baabiiyo waaxaha posts taliyayaasha.

February The Revolution ee 1917 sano dhab ahaan ka qayb qaatay dhismaha dowladda ciidanka Don. Madaxiisu noqday Ataman AM Kaledin. Waxaa ka soo horjeeda ah ee Midowga Soofiyeedka. In 1918 oo ay meel qaatay formation of Don Soviet Jamhuuriyadda, halkaas oo ay si joogto ah waxaa biligleynaya kacdoonkii anti-Soviet. In 1920, ee martida Don Cossack dayn inay jiraan iyo bogsatay kaliya ee 90-mada ay qarnigii XX.