Bareejeeyo - bareejeeyo waa ... taariikhda. Sida mammoths ugaadhsado aawadeed?

Bareejeeyo - qarsoodiga ah in ka badan laba boqol oo sannadood besets cajiib ah ee cilmi. Maxay ahaayeen kuwan xayawaanka oo innoo, labada nool iyo bakhtiyeen sababta? su'aalaha oo dhan, kuwaas oo weli aan haysan jawaabaha saxda ah. saynisyahano Qaar ka mid ah eedayn ay dhimasho mass of gaajo, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - da'da barafka, kii saddexaadna - ka ugaarsadaha qadiimiga baabbi'iyaa, lo 'ah cunto, hargaha iyo faan. The version rasmiga ah aan lahayn.

Waa kuwee mammoths ah

Baydka bareejeeyo waa naasleey ka tirsan qoyska reer maroodi. Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee ay leeyihiin size a dhigma xuduudaha ka ehelkooda - maroodi. Miisaankooda inta badan kama badna 900 kg, koritaanka ma gudbo 2 mitir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray noocyada "mudan", oo miisaankiisu gaadhay 13 tons, height - 6 mitir.

From maroodi mammoths khilaafeen jir bulkier, lugaha gaaban oo timo dheer. Muuqaalka caan ah - fool-qalooca oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo loo adeegsaday by xoolaha innoo ku qodo ka soo hoos burburka cuntada barafka. Waxay sidoo kale gowsaha leh tiro badan oo dentinoemalevyh tumeen sidii caleemo khafiif ah in la isticmaalo baaraandegidda fiiberku buunshada ku.

muuqaalka

Qaab dhismeedka lafaha, taas oo uu leeyahay inuu bareejeeyo hore, eg qaabka maroodiga Indian, oo ku nool ayaa maanta siyaabo badan. Of danta ugu weyn waa dhererka faan Rafaa noqon karaa ilaa 4 mitir, miisaanka - ilaa 100 kg. Waxay ahaayeen oo ku yaalla daanka sare, weeraryahanka kordhaya iyo kor u xootay, "gaadhiga wado" in ay dhinac ah.

Dabada iyo dhegaha, si adag u riixriixan oo si dhaladii, waa yar yahay in size, midabka joogo garaacaa madow si toos ah, istaagay baxay on tuur ka dib. jirridda weyn oo leh a xoogaa hoos u gadaal ku salaysan deggan cagaha-ulaha. Lugaha ahaayeen ku dhowaad hornlike (aad u qaro weyn) soleplate gaadho ballaciisu yahay ee 50 cm.

Dhogor waa bunni ama galyadeena ah hurdi-cawlan, iyo badhidii, lugaha iyo engegaa qurxiyey dhibco madow la arki karo. Fur "darafkii" socodka hoos dhinac ah, oo gaarey ku dhowaad dhulka ku. "Dhar" xoolaha innoo ahaa mid aad u diiran.

fool dheer

Bareejeeyo - neef xayawaan ah, kuwaas oo fool dheer ahaa mid gaar ah xoog ma aha oo kaliya sare, laakiin sidoo kale kala duwan oo gaar ah oo midabo. lafaha u dhigo dhulka dhowr kun oo sano ayaa ka soo wareegtay mineralization hoos. Waxay ka faa'iiday tiro balaadhan oo ah midabo - ka cad in ay dhar guduudan. Madoobaato ka dhacay ay sabab u tahay dabeecadda, waxay kordhisaa qiimaha fool dheer ah.

The faan xoolaha innoo ma ahaayeen sidii kaamil ah sida qoriga maroodiga. Waxay si fudud u shiiddo, isu siiyaa dildilaaca. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in mammoths la caawimaaddooda miino uu nafsaddiisa u bixinayo cunto - saqaf, jilif. Mararka qaarkood xoolaha fool dheer 4 waxaa la sameeyay, labo ka mid labaad sancada wanaagsan, oo inta badan u dhisnayd la xudunta u ah.

midabada gaar ah ka dhigi faan bareejeeyo in baahida loo qabo in wax soo saarka ee sanduuqyada raaxo, sanduuqyada buuriga, sets chess. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka la samaynayo a figurines hadiyad, isku qurxiyo Mudanayaal ', hub qaali ah. dhalmo Artificial mid ah midabo kala gaar ah suurtogal ma aha, oo uu la xidhiidho qiimaha sare ee badeecada abuuray oo ku saleysan faan bareejeeyo. Kuwaas oo kala ah, dabcan, ma been abuur ah.

mammoths maalmaha shaqada

60 sano - Filashada nolosha celcelis ahaan ka dhisan in la degganaa dhulka kun oo sano ka hor. Bareejeeyo - a xayawaanka herbivorous cunto isaga u intooda badan ahaayeen dhirta herbaceous, caleemaha Woody, ku xoortay geedihii yar, Moss. Heerka Daily - oo ku saabsan 250 kg Dhirta, khasabtay xoolaha in la geliyo raashin ah oo ku saabsan 18 saacadood maalintii, si joogto ah la beddelo iyo barakacyo ee search of daaqa cusub.

Cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in mammoths dhaqma qaab nololeedka bulshaawiyiin, ururiyey in kooxo yar yar. Kooxda Standard koobnaa 9-10 xubnaha dadka waaweyn ee noocyada ah, waxaa kaloo jiray dhallinyarada. Sida caadiga ah, doorka hogaamiyaha adhiga aaminay in dumar ugu da'da weyn.

By 10 sano xayawaanka gaadhay Xoogiisa yaan galmada. Labka qaan wakhtigaas ka tagay lo'da hooyada, u dhaqaaqo hal jiritaanka a.

degaanka

cilmi Modern ayaa lagu ogaaday in mammoths muuqday on Earth oo ku saabsan 4.8 milyan oo sano ka hor, la waayay oo kaliya oo ku saabsan 4 kun oo sano ka hor, ma 9-10, sida horay u la wareegay. Niemooleey noolaa dalalka of North America, Europe, Africa iyo Asia. Lafaha oo ka mid ah kuwa xoogga badan xayawaanka, sawirada iyo farshaxan, iyaga muujinayay, waxaa badanaa laga helaa goobaha oo ka mid ah dadka deggan qadiimiga ah ee xilligii dhagaxa.

Mammoths ee Russia ayaa sidoo kale loo qaybiyey tiro badan, gaar ahaan natiijooyinka xiiso caanka Siberia. Weyn "qabuuraha" xayawaanka ka mid ah ayaa laga helay Siberian New Islands. In Khanty-Mansiysk xataa taallo in ay sharaf. Waana mid ka, ee qeybaha hoose ee River Lena ah markii ugu horeysay (rasmi ah) hadhaagii bareejeeyo ah ayaa laga helay.

Mammoths ee Russia, ama halkii, hadhaagii ay heleen illaa iyo hadda.

Sababaha eynu

Ilaa iyo hadda, taariikhda mammoths ayaa nusqaamaha waaweyn. Gaar ahaan, waxa ay ku saabsan tahay sababaha ay u guto. Yimaadeen noocyo kala duwan oo versions. xiqiijiyay in Original jeediyay Zhan Batist Lamark. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, eynu waadaxa ah ee noocyada a suurtogal ma aha, wuxuu uun beddelin kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo durriyadii rasmiga ah ee mammoths aan hadda la aqoonsaday.

Zhorzh Kyuve isku mid ma ahayn la saaxiibkey, eedayn daadkii dhimashada bareejeeyo (dabiiciga kale ee caalamka ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro ka lumay ee dadka). Waxa uu ku andacoodey in Earth waxaa inta badan soo food leh masiibooyinka muddo gaaban, si buuxda exterminates nooc gaar ah.

Brocchi, Xasan paleontologist ka Italy, ayaa sheegay in muddo qaar ka mid ah jiritaanka sii daayay nool kasta isagoo caalamka. ka lumay ee guud ahaan cilmiga noocyada barbar gabowga iyo dhimashada ee jirka, sidaa darteed, in uu ra'yi, oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu taariikhda dahsoon ee mammoths.

The aragtida ugu caansan ayaa taageerayaal badan ee bulshada sayniska - cimilada. About 15-10 kun oo sano ka hor oo xidhiidh la leh barafku ka mid ah sitoos aagga Dhuldhoobo woqooyi noqday qoyan a, la kaymaha geed koonfurta ka buuxsamay. Dhir in hore la dhisay saldhigga ah ee cuntada xoolaha, ayaa la bedelay ajada iyo saqaf, taas oo, sida ay saynisyahano, ayaa keentay in ay dabar.

ugaarsadaha qadiimiga ah

mammoths Sida eryay dadkii hore - aan si hufan weli ka go'an. ugaadhsade in waayahaas waxaa inta badan lagu eedeeyay burburinta xoolaha waaweyn. In raalli ee version ee alaabta odhan, ka abuuray faan iyo haragoodu, kuwaas oo si joogto ah laga helay meelaha baabuurta la dhigto ee deggan wakhtiyadii hore u.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmiga ah ee maanta ka dhigi malo tani waa sii kordheysa su'aal. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta, dadka kaliya dhammeeyey off xubnaha daciif ah iyo kuwa buka ee noocyada ah, ma keentay ugaarsiga caafimaad. Bogdanov, iyo Abuuraha reer shuqullada "Secrets of ilbaxnimada lunsan", waxay keenaysaa dood macquul ah oo ay adagtahay ee mammoths ugaarsiga. Wuxu qabaa, in hubka hantiyeen by deggan qadiimiga ah ee Dhulka, duleelin maqaarka xoolaha, kuwaas oo si fudud aan macquul ahayn waa.

dood kale oo xoog leh - hilib adag stringy, si dhib leh ku haboon cuntada.

qaraabada dhow

Elefasprimigenius - ahaa magaca mammoths ee Latin. Magaca waxay muujinaysaa xiriirka ay si dhow ula maroodi ah, sida turjumidda u muuqataa sidii "oo ahaa curadkii maroodiga." Xitaa ka muujiyay la xiqiijiyay in bareejeeyo - waa progenitor ee maroodi oo casri ah, kuwaas oo natiijada la qabsashada evolutionary in cimilada diiran.

Daraasaddu waxay of saynisyahano Jarmal, kuwaas oo marka la barbar dhigo DNA ee mammoths iyo maroodiga, ayaa sheegay in maroodiga Indian iyo inuu bareejeeyo ku tiil laba laamood kuwii abtiriskooda lagu taas oo ka maroodiga Afrika waa ku meel lix milyan oo sano. awoowe ee xayawaanka this, sida ka muuqata helay dhawaan, ku noolaa on Earth ku saabsan 7 milyan oo sano ka hor, samaynta version wuxuu xaq u leeyahay si uu u jiro.

waxyaabaha la taaban karo

"Bareejeeyo Dambe" - horyaalka kuwaas oo loo xilsaaray kartaa kubka DIMA, bareejeeyo lix bilood ah, kuwaas oo ka soo haray ayaa lagu helay ka shaqeeya 1977 Magadan. Qiyaastii 40 kun oo sano ka hor, ilmaha iyada oo loo marayo barafka in ceshaday mummification dhacay. Tani waa by ilaa hadda ka soo xareeyo fiican sii raagayaan in la helay by Dadka. DIMA noqday il warbixin qiimo leh, waayo, kuwa ku hawlan barashada noocyada bakhtiyeen.

bareejeeyo si siman loo yaqaan Adams, kaas oo ahaa lafaha ugu horeysay dhamaystiran, kaas oo lagu muujiyay in ay dadweynaha. Waxaa ku soo laabtay 1808 ka dhacay, tan iyo nuqul ah waxa uu ku yaalaa Museum reer Academy of Sciences. Nakhodka iska Osip Shumahovu ugaadhsade ku noolaa ururinta lafaha bareejeeyo.

Berezovsky bareejeeyo ayaa sheeko la mid ah, oo weliba wuxuu ahaa ugaadhsade ku helay fool-xeebta ah mid ka mid ah webiyo Siberia. Terms of excavations ee hadhaagii ma uu dhab ahaan wanaagsan, fiirsato waxaa fuliyey qaybo ka. lafaha bareejeeyo raagayaan u noqday saldhig u tahay lafaha toosaa ah, unugyada jilicsan - shayga waxbarasho. Dhimashada gaadheen xoolaha ee 55 sano.

Matilda, a noocyada innoo dumar ah, oo waxay soo heleen ardayda oo dhan. Event ka dhacay 1939, hadhaagii la helay on webiga qarkiisii waxaa ku Oesh.

nooleenta suurto gal

cilmi Modern marna ma jireyso xiisaha waa xayawaanka innoo eg mammoths. Qiimaha natiijooyinka innoo sayniska waa wax ka badan, sida dhiirogelin ka danbeeya dhammaan isku dayadii ay sarakicidda. Ilaa hadda, isku dayaysa in ay Gadzhiyev noocyada bakhtiyeen ma siin natiijooyin la taaban karo. Tani waxay ka imanaysaa la'aanta ah ee tayada loo baahan yahay ee wax ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-baarista ee ku yaala goobahan oo aadan u malayn in off. Currently, saynisyahano ku tiirsan yihiin hadhaagii dumar helay dhawaan. Tusaale ahaan waa qiimo leh sababtoo ah waxaa ku hadhay dhiig dareere ah.

Inkastoo failure ee cloning, ay cadaato in image oo ka mid ah dadka deggan qadiimiga ah ee dhulka soo celiyey saxnaanta iyo sidoo kale caadooyinka uu. Mammoths eegto sida ay waxaa lagu soo bandhigay bogagga buugaagta. The daahfurka ugu xiisaha badan - ku dhow qaadayaa tiirka oo ka mid ah noocyada la ogaado in waqtiga noo gaar ah, ay ka jilicsan tahay lafaha.