Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia kii iyo markii la soo abaabulay oo ay fuliyeen?

The bandhig horeysay Ruush ayaa bilaabay qarnigii XIX ah. bilaabaha ee ay abuurka ahaa ee Wasaaradda Maaliyadda. In 1837 waxaa la aasaasay Wasaaradda Hantida State, waxa uu ka bixisay horumarinta beeraha fiiro gaar ah. Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia ka qayb qaatay dhismaha danaha gaarka ah, la kordhiyo dhiirigelin u ah horumarinta xannaanada xoolaha iyo beeraha.

U diyaar garowga bandhiga ugu horeysay

In 1842. Tsar Nicholas aan la soo bandhigay by jeedinta Wasaaradda State si ay u samaystaan bandhigyo, kaas oo noqon doona on bandhigay shuqullada farsamada gacanta reer miyiga, xoolaha iyo beeraha. Waqtigaas, hogaaminayo Wasaaradda P. D. Kiselev, waxa uu soo jeediyay in bandhiga koowaad ee gobolka Novorossiysk. mawduuca ugu weyn ee show waqtiga ahaayeen xayawaanka. Nicholas I ansixiyey soo jeedinta. Sidaas 1842. uu soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan habka of bandhigyo ee Russia.

Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia waxaa aad si taxadar leh isku diyaarineysa, in saxaafadda loo daboolayo si faahfaahsan. Bishii Janaayo 1842., ee "Odessa Gazette" oo lagu daabaco waxyaabaha Dawladda Hoose ee ku saabsan bandhiga. Bishii Febraayo, oo dhan ogyahay xeerarka bandhiga, waxay ku qoran sagaal iyo faqrado. Wax yar ka dib, dhammaan wax u bartaan dib u eegis barnaamijka. Qirtay in carwo oo kaliya xoolaha Novorossiysk gobolka: dibi, dibiyo iyo ido, iyo fardo, lo'da, doofaarka. In July 1843 Nicholas I ansixiyay biladood tiradaasi go'aanka oggolaanshaha ka qaybgalayaasha ugu fiican. Mid ka mid ah kooxda ku jira image ee xayawaanka, kale - oo ku qorraa la calaamadeeyay, in abaalmarinta la soo bandhigay by Wasaaradda Hantida State.

Bandhiga in Odessa

Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia ee 1843 ka furmay Odessa ee September. Isla mar ahaantaana ay u furay iyo Cross Quduuska ah cadaalad ah, oo iyana waxay ahayd sagaalaad leh jeer ansixiyo. Toos ah ugu lug eegista of Company la ansixiyay beeraha xoolaha ee Degmada Koonfurta ah. Laga soo bilaabo sharaxaada oo ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha ugu horeysay ee bandhiga ah xayawaanka aad ka arki kartaa in deggan oo dhan, Odessa ka farxisay in ay soo bandhigaan at dhacdo. dhacdo noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay ee ka mid ah qeybo ka mid ah markii ugu horeysay, iyo oo dhan waxay ahayd mid xiiso leh in ay ka markhaati parade aan caadi ahayn xayawaanka dhulka miyiga ah. Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia ayaa weli ma soo bandhigay tiro badan oo ka qaybgalayaasha, laakiin waxa uu ahaa cad oo dhan dhacdadan si weyn ay ka faa'iideysan doonaan horumarinta beeraha. Isla markiiba waxaan go'aansaday in la qabto bandhig la mid ah halkan iyo in sanadka soo socda ee gobolka Novorossiysk, ururka aaminay in ay ku Society of Beeraha. Waxaa xusid mudan in gobolka Yaroslavl ee isla sanadkaas ayaa sidoo kale ka dhacay bandhig beeraha.

Abaal marinta ah ee ku guuleysatay

Ka dib markii bandhig ugu horeysay ee beeraha ee Russia ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey, bandhigga oo shir ku abaalmarinta in Liibaanay. The geesiyaal xaflad waxay noqotay xoolaha miyiga. lanooga aan caadiga ahayn ee Odessa, iyo xataa dhan Russia oo aan weli la si wada keenay boqolaal cajiib ah. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa uu noqday vnesoslovnym fasaxa qaran. Meel gaar ah waxaa loo qurxiyey calamada, dad badan oo soo ururay meel u dhow dhismaha cadaalad ganacsiga. Minutes of Imperial Beeraha Society of natiijooyinka bandhig saddex maalmood ka akhriyey commissars "of saf ah oo kala duwan." Xayawaanka loo caleemo saaray abaalmarinta, dhawaaqa music agagaarka maray. Ka dib markii biladood oo dhan la siiyay, ku guuleysatay sharraxay ubaxyo, marsami iyo qaadeen agagaarka carwada. Ka dib markii in, israac soo dareeray waddooyinka waaweyn ee magaalada, halkaas oo uu ku salaamay by deggan oo faraxsan. Music dhawaajisay dhan jidka.

bandhigyo ku xiga

Ka dib markii a bandhigyo ugu horeysay ee 1845 Nicholas guul waxaan la naadiyey "amar wayn". Waxaa la amray in ay badalo xayawaanka bandhiga, ballaariyo bandhigay shuqullo kale ee beeraha. doorka A weyn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ciyaaray ah Wasiirka P. D. Kiselev, muddadaas oo uu ku lug leh dib u habaynta beeraha ee Russia. Emperor ayaa ogaaday in waayo-aragnimo ah ee bandhiga waa mid aad u faa'iido badan ee horumarinta beeraha, iyo baray Wasaaraha in la qaybiyo waayo-aragnimo ee guud ahaan bandhig Russia. Tan iyo markaas dhacdooyin la mid ah ayaa la qabtay, marka hore ee gobolka Novorossiysk, ka dibna on.

Mudo lix sano ah 1843-1849 sano oo meelo kala duwan oo boqortooyadiisa ka waxaa la soo abaabulay oo lagu qabtay 23 dhacdooyinka sida. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, ka qayb qaatay 5802 bandhigaa oo wakiil ka ah 14 076 shay, abaalmarinta ku guuleystay 1918-qaybgalayaasha. Yaa ka qaybgalay bandhig kuwanu? Ilaa xad weyn on amarka maamulka maxalliga ah sheegayaan yaroow. Wasaaradda ee 1849, waxaa la dhisay lix gobol (in kasta oo ka mid ah 5-6 gobol), kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay qabtaan bandhigyo joogto ah. bandhig warshadaha beeraha iyo farsamada gacanta All-Ruush abaabulay ee 1849. waayo-aragnimo ayaa helay qaab dhacdooyinka sida iyo si ay u horumariyaan ma aha oo kaliya waaxda beeraha, laakiin sidoo kale farsamada gacanta, wax soo saarka warshadda.

carwo ee St. Petersburg

In 1850, on hindisaha of Society Dhaqaalaha Free of Exhibition Beeraha abaabulay ee St. Petersburg. Waxaa lagu qabtay xaadirka ah Central Hall Exhibition (hore garoonka ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Ciidankii Ilaalada Life ah). Tan iyo markaas, waayo, bandhigyo ee St. Petersburg bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan dhismaha caasimadda inta badan capacious - playpens, daaraha waaweyn ekzertsirgauzy. Bandhiga bandhigaysaa 3000 bandhigaa oo dhan ka Russia. decoration ee bandhiga ayaa la aaminay in naqshada Corsini. In xarunta of balka yar oo nooca macbudka miyiga ahaa oo ku yaalla. Qurxiyey ay xidhmooyin, iyo geedo yaryar, dhirta, ubaxa, qalabka beeraha la. hiddaha show abaabulay markii ugu horeysay, kaas oo la marti qaaday qastaan ee gobolka dharka ciidda Kurland, Vyborg iyo Mogilev. Exhibition gudaha lagu ladhay sida dhirta kulaylaha, tiro badan oo khudaarta, miraha. Dhow waxaa lagu abaabulay gallery halkaas oo bandhig lagu qabtay fardaha waqti-dray ugu horeysay.

The bandhig Moscow

Imperial Moscow Society of Beeraha qabanqaabisaa bandhiga ugu horeysay ee garoonka ee 1846. Markaas bandhiga beeraha ee 1852 noqday dhacdo weyn ku ah nolosha magaalada. Lug ahaayeen ceegaagta aad u kala duwan ee bulshada. On saaxadda maalinta qayb galay dhowr kun oo qof. dhismaha ayaa lagu qurxiyey ubax, sabuul hadhuudh, khudaarta, midhaha. booqde kasta oo joogay ka hor inta map weyn in muujinayaa qaybta Yurub ee Russia. In bandhig this, markii ugu horeysay bilaabay inuu qalabayn ku soo bandhigaa laayeen geeska, halkaas oo bandhige soo bandhigaan guulaha ay dalka oo dhan. Si aan caadi ahayn u eegay "teendhada Eastern" horteeda oo waxay ahaayeen laba mannequin ku labisan dharka qaran: mountaineer iyo dumarka Caucasian. halkan lagu soo bandhigay waa waaxaha beeraleyda, sericulture. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee martida ajnabiga ah la marti qaaday, oo tusay kuwii beerta gooynayay American.

taariikhda ENEA

Meeshii waxaa jiray meelaheeda dhoobada Ostankino, 1934 NKVD kala firdhay xerada socoto, iyo afar sano ka dib, waxaa jiray mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu caansan ka mid ah kooxda martida caasimada - Exhibition Beeraha ee ENEA. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob, mid kasta oo ka mid ah siddeed qof aan halkan booqday caalamka. History of abuurka ka bilaabeen II All-Union Congress of Farm Collective. Wufuudda ka codsaday xisbiga shuuciga ah, iyo guddiga ugu weyn bandhig waxaa la aasaasay by si maamulka.

Si ay uga qayb xulay ugu fiican ee Exhibition All-Union. Inta lagu guda jiro sano ee 1937-1938 beeraha dawladda, beeraha wadareed, MTS lahaa in ay soo gudbiyaan heerka sare qaarkood, qabanqaabiyeyaasha iyo madaxda saaridda - for 1938. Si goan sababtoo ah bandhige xaalad this at show ahaa tiro aad u badan.

Caan bandhig beeraha ee USSR

Caan ka mid ah bandhig dadweynaha ee guulaha Dhaqaalaha Qaranka noqday weyn. Waayo, xaq u leeyihiin inay ka qayb qaataan waxa ay ku dalbatay 250 kun oo bandhige. Guddiga Exhibition adkeeyey ku guuleysata abaal sare. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay kun a siiyo shahaado ugu horeysay oo afar kunna waxay shahaadado oo ahaa darajadii labaad. Winners ee heerka kowaad helay baabuur iyo toban kun oo rubles, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - shan kun iyo mooto. Si saddex kun oo biladood oo dahab waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar horeyn iyo siddeed iyo toban kun biladood oo lacag ah oo yaryar iyo waaweynba la diyaariyay. Waxa kale oo jiray nabar Honor Kitaabka, waxaana ku diiwaan gashan exhibitor kasta guusha, iyo guulaha oo dhan.

Dhismaha ENEA ahaa sanadihii kuwa mashruuca ugu caalamiga ah, taas oo qayb ka qayb qaateen muhiim ah naqshadaha Moscow ee. magaalada Exhibition qabsadeen 136 hektar, oo ay ku jiraan beeraha, balliyada, 250 dhismayaasha.

Bandhiga ugu horeeya ee beeraha ee Russia, taasoo taariikhda uu hoos u dhaco ee bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, dabcan, ma in wax la barbardhigo mashruucan caalamka tagaan, isagoo leh xoog this, la dhisay qarnigii XX ah.

Furitaanka of Exhibition ee Guulaha Dhaqaalaha

magaalada Exhibition darbay furitaanka ka mid ah dadka Soviet oo dhan. Waxaan halkan u shaqayn jiray ugu fiican oo ka mid ah sayidkooda ugu fiican. Horseedayaashii Geylfreh, Shuko, Chechulin Polyakov, farshaxan iyo monumentalists Motovilov Konenkov, Bubnov, Deineka iyo kuwa kale. In ka badan laba kun iyo xirfadlayaasha hogaaminayo dhise Chernyshev.

Event qabtay furitaanka August 1, 1939. Joogayna waqti isku mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha gobolka Soviet. Dhammaan dadka dhowaan la kulmay farshaxan caanka duuli "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl". Astaanta bandhig ma ay Halabuurka yar caanka ah ee beeralayda si wadajir ah iyo darawalka cagaf kuwaas oo madaxiisa ka guuxeysa xidhmada dhegood ee dahabka dhawray. Tirada u kacay inuu noobiyad 50-meter-sare oo taambuuggiisa ugu weyn ee bandhiga. taambuuggiisa ugu weyn ee Exhibition ku Beeraha lagu ladhay jubbado hubka oo dhan Jamhuuriyadda qaranka. Ka hor inta galaan hoolka taagay meel weyn ee beerta. goobaabin A waa taambuuggiisa, halkaas oo ay si gooni gooni ah soo bandhigay oo dhan Jamhuuriyadda, dhulalka, gobollada. dhismaha kasta waxa lagu gartaa asalnimada, dhaqanka dadka jinsiyad gaar ah. Ka dib markii socda agagaarka taambuug waxaa safarka ku dareen guud ahaan dalka ugu badan, laga bilaabo ku latitudes waqooyiga ilaa kulaale, ka bari in ay Bariga Fog. Sidaas weyn ahaa dalka, halkaas oo qof kasta waxa ay ku faani in ay ka tirsan tahay in ay.