Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich laxamiistaha Ruush, madaxa "muggeed oo adkaada": Biography, hal-abuurka

The laxamiistaha ugu weyn ee Ruush Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, shuqulladiisa oo ay weli ma waayi ay ku tacaluqa, waxaa loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya in ay shaqo hal abuur leh u fiican, laakiin sidoo kale sida aasaasaha iyo inspirer dabcan oo dhan in music Ruush.

Childhood Family iyo

Dhashay ee laxamiistaha January 2, 1837 in Nizhny Novgorod. Aabbihiis, Balakirev Aleksey Konstantinovich ahaa -Gudoomiyaha gole sharaf leh asal ahaan, hooyadiis ku hawlan carruurta. Qoyska qabtay aaminsan Christian dhaqanka, iyo wiilka ku koray aad diinta, xitaa caayo gurigiisa, wacaya "kiniisaddu mustaqbalka." Faith noloshooda oo dhan ku sii mawduuc muhiim ah Balakirev. Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore ilmaha tusay awooda muusikada, iyo hooyaday waxay dareentay.

Aragnimada ugu horeysay muusikada

Horeba 6-7 sano Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan hooyada bilaabmin si ay u bartaan si ay u ciyaaraan biyaano ah, oo muujinaya horumar la taaban karo. Si uu ina siiyo xirfadaha ugu fiican, hooyo isaga qaadataa in Moscow. Waxaa uu kooras gaaban oo ah farsamo piano ee laxamiistaha caanka ah iyo macallinka Aleksandra Dyubyuka. Markaas guriga, isagoo weli si ay u horumariyaan qalab iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee biyaaniiste hoose iyo kaari K. Eyzeriha. muusikiiste in soo bandhigay Balakirev iyo Alexander Dmitrievich Ulybysheva, gargaaraha farshaxanka, muusikada ah oo aan rasmi ahayn, baraha, kaasoo door aad u muhiim ah in nolosha laxamiistaha ugu. Gurigiisu ahaa ku saabsan bulshada a cajiib ah aqoon yahanno maxaliga ah, qorayaasha, fannaaniin, riwaayada lagu qabtay si ay ugala hadlaan dhibaatooyinka tahay. Halkan waxaa la dhigay aasaaskii saadaasha bilicsanaanta of Balakirev.

waxbarashada

Hooyo laxamiistaha ugu mustaqbalka hore dhintay, waxay joojiyo waxbarashada nidaamsan Balakirev music. Later, aabbihiis guursaday mar, mushahar uu dirqi ku filan oo ay ku nool yihiin qoyska weyn, bixinta waxbarasho aynaan bixin karin. At 12 jir, wiilka loo diray Nizhny Novgorod abtirsan machadka, halkaas oo uu ka helay waxbarashada dugsiga kharash ku abtirsan maxaliga ah. Afar sano ka dib in uu helay iskaa wax u qabso ah ee Jaamacadda Kazan ee Waaxda Xisaabta, laakiin waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay prouchitsya ka badan hal sanno, lacag waxbarasho dheeraad ah uu lahaa, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa si ay u helaan ay ku nool by siinayo casharo music. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada uu, Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich qoray shuqullada muusikada hore, songs, gogo 'biyaano.

wacaya

Maxaa yeelay, talantigii ka cad ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa, Ulybyshev ee 1855 isaga qaadataa in St. Petersburg, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay laxamiistaha Ruush Mikhail Glinka.

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich, ku music for taas oo uu noqday qayb muhiim ah nolosha, waxay muujiyeen shuqulladoodu Maitre oo helay amaan aad u sarreeya iyo talo naftiisa ka go'an in ay curinta music. Hal sano ka dib, ka go'neyd qoraaga soo bandhigayaa dadweynaha uu gogo ugu horeysay oo muusiko ah, iyo sidoo kale uu u saftay kale biyaaniiste iyo kaari ee waxqabadka uu Concert Allegro for Piano iyo Orchestra. waxqabadka Tani ayaa aad u wanaagsan ka helay by dhaleecayn iyo dadweynaha, Balakirev lagu casuumay qaab guryahooda qani ah, waxa uu ka caawiyay si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee laxamiistaha ugu, laakiin wax baabbi'iya waqti badan. Muusikaystayaasha mar isku yidhi of sida Abuuraha reer ujeedooyinkooda qaranka Ruushka ayaa noqday uu summad.

Jidka si ay xirfadda

Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, kuwaas oo shaqo lagu helo in dadka, halka keentay jadwalka ah riwaayad firfircoon, isku bedbedeli doono in wareegyada cilmaani ah. Laakiin waxaa isaga qaadataa waqti badan iyo dadaal, oo wuxuu arkay qasdigiisa ee curinta music iyo faafin fikrado horumarsan. Waxay yaraynaysaa tirada waxqabadyada, inkastoo ay si xun u saamayso ay dhaqaale, iyo go'aansaday in uu naftiisa uga sooco, si music iyo aragti.

Balakirev iyo "adkaada cantoobo muggeed"

In dabayaaqadii 50-mada ay qarnigii XIX ku Balakirev soo dhawaado oo leh tiro ka mid ah fanaaniinta: A. S. Dargomyzhskim, V. V. Stasovym, A. N. Serovym. Sayidka waxaa la aasaasay goobo, taas oo noqon doonta loo yaqaan "muggeed oo adkaada". taageerayaal badan oo ka hadlay qaddar ee music qaranka, kala hadlayaan shaqada. Waqti ka, kooxda ku biiray composers ugu weyn ee Empire Ruushka Nikolai Rimsky-arrimo, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Cui TS. Balakirev arkay in kasta oo raggii dhallinyarada music rabaani ah iftiin u caawiyey iyagii, si ay u horumariyaan hadiyad, si ay u sameeyaan qaab muusikada u gaar ah. Mid ka mid ah uu helo koox xoog ah qorayaasha, mid kasta oo ka shaqeeya in ay jidka u gaar ah, laakiin waxa ay si wadajir ah midba midka kale caawiyo in ay soo saaraan qaab heer qaran ah.

Group The si firfircoon xidhiidhka wakiilada intelligentsia hal abuur leh oo waqti uu la dhaleecayn ku Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, Pisemsky A., I. Repin. Xiriirka soke oo adag aasaasay composers ku P. I. Chaykovskim, on taas oo ah "muggeed oo adkaada" saamayn xoog leh. Fanaaniinta ahaayeen firfircoon horumarinta fikradaha qowmiyadeed ee farshaxanka, kuwaas oo ahaa caga-uqabso dhaqanka Ruush.

By sano th 70 band ku soo jabay, laakiin fikrado ay sii waday in ay ku nool yihiin iyo horumarinta. "Muggeed oo adkaada" calaamad la taaban karo ka tagay on music Ruushka, saamaynta ay ku aqoonsan A. Liadov, Arensky, S. Lyapunov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, xataa dhaqan muusikada Faransiiska waxaa uu ahaa si fiican u yaqaan "lix" by Erik Satie iyo Zhana Kokto, ku cel-celinta Jidka "muggeed oo adkaada".

dhaqdhaqaaqa Waxbarashada

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, kuwaas oo Biography waa weligiis lala music, kaalin weyn in ay formation of dugsiga qaranka. In 1862, wada jir ah ula G. Lomakin, kaari ah madaxdii muusikaystayaasha Balakirev abuuro dugsi free music, kaas oo noqday xarunta waxbarashada, horumarinta farshaxanka qaranka iyo meesha ugu horeysa ee waxbarashada muusikada mass.

gooyo taageeray hindisaha oo muusikiiste ah, si qaabiyaasha lahaa fursad uu ku hormariyo duufaan weyn oo waxqabad. Waxay abaabulay riwaayada ardayda, qaaday in ay dugsiga ka mid ah kuwaas oo awood oo dhan, laakiin wuxuu ku bixiyo ma ujrada. Dugsigu wuxuu baray tababarka dhegta, qalab muusig iyo cod. Balakirev ahaa agaasimaha hay'adda iyo kaari ee riwaayad ah. Qeybtii labaad ee 80-mada ay qarnigii XIX ah, dugsiga wuxuu ahaa yaraanta ba'an ee maaliyadda, taas oo keentay in hoos u dhac weyn ay hawl. Balakirev halka ay marayaan dhibaatada daran, oo xataa wuu ka baxo post agaasimaha intii muddo ah.

Laakiin in 1881 uu si post ee Director of ilmuhu jecel laabtay iyo dugsiga weli waa aamin ilaa ugu dambaysta. In 1883kii, Balakirev hoos bacdi ee TI Filippova ahaa Maamulka Maxkamadda Chapel, halkaas oo urur iyo waxtar leh tayadiisa waxbarashada. Waxaa hagaajinaysaa nidaamka waxbaridda ee Chapel ah, wanaajisaa qayb sayniska ee edbiyo ah, yeedhi baro Rimsky-arrimo, qabanqaabisaa fasalka orchestra, aad bay u wanaajinaya tayada nolosha ardayda, waxay dhistaa dhismaha cusub ee goobta cibaadaysiga. In 1894 uu ka tagay goobta cibaadaysiga of hogaaminta iyo ka fariistay la rahaamad lacag adag, tan iyo wakhtigaas, wuxuu iska sooco, ayaa laga yaabaa in ay si qoraal ah.

xirfadiisa muusikada

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich ku hawlan music nolosha oo dhan, waxaa uu bilaabay shaqada la qoraal ah oo ka mid ah heesaha ugu horeysay hiwaayadda iyo xubnihii biyaano. Hawlaha laxamiistaha bilaabay si aad u saameeyay Mikhail Glinka, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah nolosha muusikiiste ah. In 1866, Glinka, Balakirev casuumay si ay u horseedi soo saarka ee opera "Ruslan iyo Lyudmila" iyo "Life for Tsar ah" tiyaatarka Prague ah. Muusikaystayaasha muujiyeen hawl weyn oo ay muujiyeen talanti uu kaari ee shaqada this, taas oo ahayd guul weyn iyo gacan ka sidii loo xoojin lahaa mowqifka Balakirev ee dunida music ah.

In 1860, laxamiistaha ugu safray weheliyaan Volga, kaas oo ururiya songs ah seebab, oo markii danbe qaaday qaabka ururinta music ah, aynu buuq badan ee dhaqankeena. In 1862, 1863 iyo 1868 siday u kala horreeyaan m, uu u safri Caucasus, ka reebaya taas oo saamaysay shaqo ee heesaagii. Soon, laxamiistaha ugu casuumay si ay u qabtaan xaflado ah Imperial Ruush Musical Society, laakiin in 1869 uu ku qasbay in uu ka tago boostada.

Bilaabasho muddo adag ee nolosha Balakirev, laxamiistaha sakhiray in ay dhibaatayn iyo sumcad, waxaa isaga ku keeni karo dhaawacyada nafsiga ah, oo muddo dhowr sano ah uu si weyn u dhimay uu hawl hal abuur leh. In 1881, uu si music noqdeen, laakiin waa ka walaacsan la jihada ah goobta cibaadaysiga, ayuu qoray wargayska yara, laakiin waqti this waxaa jira dhawr, shuqullada baaluq xoog leh, sida gabayga symphonic "Tamara".

Dhamaadka 90s yimaado muddo la soo dhaafay hal abuur leh oo aad u soo saar nolosha laxamiistaha ee. Wuxuu qorayaa badan oo music for biyaano, ka shaqeeya gabay symphonic "rus" iyo "In Czech Republic."

dhaxal ahaan hal abuur leh

Laxamiistaha Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, sannadaha cimrigaaguna waa laydin siiyaa inaad raadinta hab-nololeedka, waxbarashada iyo cilmiga, ka tago dhaxalka yar, laakiin la taaban karo. Ka mid ah shuqulladiisa waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah music for "King Lear", khiyaali biyaano ah "Islam" daaweyn dheeraad ah oo halis ah oo composers kale, oo ku saabsan 2 darsin romances iyo songs, laba symphonies.

nolosha Personal

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich ahaa dareen, nooca maraq laga meeleeyay xaaladaha nolosha adag. All naftiisa, wuu gaabnaa lacag, uu ildarantahay cadaawayaashiinna oo isaga xantay, abaabulay olole ka dhan ah laxamiistaha ugu saxaafadda. si qoto dheer ugu weyn ee xiisadda dhaqaale ku dhuftay in 1872, markii riwaayada dugsiga kama dayn oo kaliya in ay noqon faa'iido, laakiin ma awoodo in ay gudbaan. Waxa intaa dheer in laxamiistaha dhimanayaan ee aabbihiis, iyo garbihiisa ku dul daryeelka ee daryeelka oo ka mid ah gabdhood. Muusikaystayaasha quusan, wuxuu u imanayaa inuu burburo neerfayaasha, xataa fikirtay ismiidaamin ah.

Sannadkii 1874tii, Balakirev ka baxo dugsiga iyo tagaa maamulka dukaanka Warsaw tareenka sida underling ah, mar kale waxa uu ka bilaabayaa in la siiyo casharo music. Midkoodna xoogga markii toona aad ula xiriirto saaxiibada uu lahaa, oo wuxuu ka soo goobaabin ee isku aragtida ka tago, ma ka koobanahay music. Waxa ay ahayd muddada ugu adag ee uu noloshiisa. Balakirev helay hab Diinta, oo wuxuu noqday mid aad u cibaadaysan oo si tartiib ah u bilaabay inuu ku soo laabto caadiga ah. In 1881, markii uu ku shaqeeyo ee dugsiga ku soo laabtay, xaaladiisa maskaxeed barbareeyay. Dhabahaan buu nolosha, rabitaankiisa music looma oggolaan inuu ka Balakirev abuuro qoyska u gaar ah, oo uu ku noolaa bachelor ah, hal-abuurka dareen.

laxamiistaha ugu noolaa nolol dheer oo buuxda, on May 29, 1910 wuu dhintay oo waxaa lagu aasay Xabaalaha Tikhvin ah.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh Biography

Life waxaa ka buuxa dad hal abuur inta badan waa taxne kore iyo hoose, dhacdooyin kala duwan, ma marka laga reebo, iyo Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting noqonaya liiska weyn, waxaa kale oo jira murugo. Sidaas daraaddeed, oo dhan ee mudnaanta laxamiistaha ugu ma aha oo kaliya in ay dhaqanka Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale si music oo dhan Yurub ee magaalada kasta oo dunida, isaguna uusan gelin mashearulxaraam. Laakiin mid ka mid ah dugsiyada music ugu fiican Yurub, haddii aan dunida, oo ku yaalla Moscow, kibir magiciisa furaa.

Balakirev ilmo bukay, wuxuu inta badan waxaa lagu silcin jiray oo u heellanayd kana madax xanuun daran in isaga eryay jabay. On mid ka mid ah kuwa ay dhibaatooyinka muddada dheer, xataa inuu doonayo ilaa siin iyo u tag keniisad ah, laakiin nasiib wanaag, cudurka ayaa u laabteen, iyo laxamiistaha ugu ahaa ee nolosha cilmaani ah.

Waxbarashadooda, dhab ahaantii, waajib ku ah in isaga qudhiisa Balakirev, wuxuu si adag u shaqeeyey oo uu farsamo iyo in la wanaajiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii uu la weydiiyey in sano uu baaluq, ayaa loo magacaabay professor of Conservatory Moscow ee, laxamiistaha ugu diiday sababtoo ah ma uusan haysan waxbarasho tacliimeed.