Asalka ah ee erayga "chemistry": fikradaha iyo ma ahan oo keliya bixitaanka

Xitaa 3000 sano BC muuqday erayga "chemistry". Dhab ahaantii waxa ay cadeyn u inkiri karo of this waa kiniinno cuneiform helay excavations ee hadhaagii magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee Masar iyo Aasiyada Yar ku. Asalka ereyga "chemistry" Waa adag tahay in la dhiso. Cilmi habaaray arrintan waqti badan iyo dadaal.

ee la soo dhaafay fog

Back qarnigii IV AD Zosimus alchemist ka Panopolis Giriigii hore rumeysan yahay in erayga "chemistry" oo ka soo jeeda erayga "Jemez", kaasoo ah magaceeda loo soo gaabiyo of Hermes. Tani aqoon hore ee qof ku helay qaab-ka loo yaqaan "waxyiga Ilaah", wuxuu ahaa ee xikmadda ah halyeeyga ah uu waqti.

Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeygii hore ee qadiimiga ah, ee rag badan oo Aleksandra Emperor ee Makedonskogo helay xabaashii of xikmadda caan ah, Looxii on taas oo ay u suurtagashay in ay rayi. entry Tani daahfuro dhaweynta qarsoon "Philosopher ee Stone". Sida ay culimada qadiimi ah, oo macneheedu yahay waxaa ka mid ah noqon karto biraha kasta oo dahab ah. Dabcan, sayniska ayaa cadeysay in talooyinka la soo jeediyey aqoonyahan qadiimiga maya "falsafada" Stone uma shaqeeyo.

fikradaha taariikhiga ah

Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in asalka ah ee erayga "chemistry" la xiriira qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga oo ka dhigan tahay ee barafka Biraha, oo ay ku jiraan dahabka. lexicographer Byzantine, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in BC X-XI qarnigii, rumeysan yahay in eraygan waxa ay tilmaamaysaa diyaarinta lacag iyo dahab. On Chinese qadiimiga, erayga "dahabka" dhawaaqa in habayn, "kiimikada-Kim." The deggan qadiimiga Masar, ama sida ay u yeedhay, "Chemie", waxay ahaayeen farmashiye u fiican oo uu waqti, oo inta badan ka soo jeedo ereyga "chemistry" waxa uu la xidhiidhaa magaca dalka. Tan iyo wakhtigaas si loo badbaadiyo cuntada karinta cadar iyo dawooyinka. Sidaa darteed taariikhda asalka ah ee erayga "chemistry" ayaa xididdadiisa ee qadiimiga Masar, iyo fikradda laftiisa waa inay isku muujinta "sayniska dalka Masar."

The "jaamacadaha" marka hore

Sii our sheeko yar oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee erayga "chemistry". In BC III qarnigii ee Alexandria (Baydka Masar) waxaa la aasaasay Academy of Sciences ugu horeysay. "Farshaxanka xurmaysan", sida ay sheegay in ku saabsan kiimikada ah, waxaa la dhisay dhismo oo kala duwan, kaas oo la odhan jiray macbudka Serapis. In mustaqbalka, aan la hor fikrada ah "alchemy", kaas oo la soo bandhigay by baadiyaha ah. Waxay ku daray horgale fikirka ah "chemistry" soo bandhigay by Masriyiinta. alchemists badan oo intii kun sannadood ah, iyadoo adkeysiga naalloon la dagaallamay qarsoodiga helo dahab ka Biraha saldhig. Haddii ay tahay wax qarsoon, "dhagax Faylasuuf ee" ama qarsoodi ah "alkahest" taas oo wakhtiyadii hore waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay dareeraha ah universal. diyaarinta Recipe oo ka mid ah walxaha dahsoon qof kasta oo marna loo yaqaano. Tartiib tartiib, ka qarnigii qarnigii, alchemy ahaa laga bilaabo si ay u bartaan qaabka aad u kimistari oo casri ah. Philosopher, dhakhtar, kuwaas oo ku noolaa dalka reer Tajikistan, Abu Ali al-Hussein, si fiican u yaqaan Avicenna, halka horey u awoodaan si ay u helaan nitric, sulfuric iyo Aashito, hydroxide potassium iyo sodium hydroxide. Sida meel ka mid ah alchemy dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha ayaa iska daayeen inay noqon khuseeya ee bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ka.

asalka ah ee aannu mar erayga "chemistry" waxa uu la xidhiidhaa eray dambe Chimia. Waa inay isku chemistry eray Ingiriisi ah, Jarmal iyo Faransiis chimie chemie.